clark county pm 10 saturation study robert a. baxter, ccm t&b systems clark county air quality...

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Clark County PM Clark County PM 10 10 Saturation Study Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06 Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

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Page 1: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Clark County PMClark County PM1010

Saturation Study Saturation Study

Robert A. Baxter, CCMRobert A. Baxter, CCM

T&B SystemsT&B Systems

Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Page 2: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Overview

• Objectives of the Study

• Selection of PM10 Measurement Methods

• Saturation Sampling Network

• Quality Assurance of Measurements

• Saturation Study Observations

• Overall Results and Recommendations

Page 3: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Objectives

State Implementation Plan committed to a

PM10 saturation study

• Assess the representativeness of the current monitoring network

• Determine the inter-basin and intra-basin transport during high wind speed events

• Determine the neighborhood impacts of major sources in the region

Page 4: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Measurement Methods

• Evaluation Criteria– Continuous Method– Acceptable performance– No environmental controls– Solar power – Inconspicuous– Cost-effective– Reliable

• Two evaluation sites– Crustal PM10

– Combustion emissions related PM10

Evaluated Instruments• Met One E-Sampler• R&P Dustscan• TSI DustTrak

Page 5: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Sampler Evaluation October/November 2004

Joe NealNon-urban

Page 6: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

City CenterUrbanized

Sampler Evaluation October/November 2004

Page 7: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Sampler EvaluationSelected Instrumentation

• TSI DustTrak

• External data logging

• Extended sample inlet

• Solar/available power

Page 8: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

DAQEM Sampling Network

Page 9: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

DAQEM Sampling Network

Page 10: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

DAQEM Sampling Network

Page 11: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Combined Sampling Network

Page 12: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Quality Assurance

• Three scheduled audits– Evaluation study– Saturation study– Data processing and validation

• Routine quality control checks– DustTrak flow and zero– Power system checks– Download and review of data

• Quality Control site – Joe Neal

Page 13: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Saturation Study Observations

• Historical observations• Observed climatology and meteorology• Saturation network versus DAQEM

network comparisons• High wind speed events

Page 14: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Historical Observations

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Da

ys o

f E

xce

edan

ces

W 0

0

Sp

00

Su

00

F 0

0

W 0

0/01

Sp

01

Su

01

F 0

1

W 0

1/02

Sp

02

Su

02

F 0

2

W 0

2/0

3

Sp

03

Su

03

F 0

3

W 0

3

Page 15: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Historical Observations

0

50

100

150

200

% o

f N

orm

al P

rec

ipit

ati

on

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

9 4 3 11 4 2 1# of Exceedances

Page 16: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Historical Observations

Effect of wind speed on exceedance values2000 – 2003 data

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

24-Hour Average Wind Speed (mph)

PM

10 E

xc

ee

da

nc

e V

alu

e (

g/m

3 )

Page 17: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

4/15/05 4/29/05 5/13/05 5/27/05 6/10/05 6/24/05

(ug

/m3)

Study Observations

24-hour average DAQEM network PM10

May 9

May 16

May 29

June 17Fires

Page 18: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

4/15/05 4/29/05 5/13/05 5/27/05 6/10/05 6/24/05

(ug

/m3)

Study Observations

24-hour average saturation network PM10

May 9

May 16

May 29

June 17

Fires

Page 19: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

High Wind Speed Events

24-hour average wind speed

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4/15/05 4/29/05 5/13/05 5/27/05 6/10/05 6/24/05

Win

d S

pee

d (

mp

h)

May 9 May 16May 29

June 17

Fires

Page 20: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

High Wind Speed Events

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

5/28/05 0:00 5/29/05 0:00 5/30/05 0:00 5/31/05 0:00

PM

10 (

ug

/m3)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Co

mp

osi

te W

S (

mp

h)

Hourly saturation network PM10 values

Page 21: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

High Wind Speed Events

Hourly saturation network PM10 values

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

6/16/05 0:00 6/17/05 0:00 6/18/05 0:00 6/19/05 0:00

PM

10 (

ug

/m3)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Co

mp

osi

te W

S (

mp

h)

Page 22: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Study ResultsAdequacy of DAQEM Network

• 24-hour average PM10 levels relatively low

• High wind speed events could have produced exceedances in prior dry years

• DAQEM network reflected observed patterns in the historical analysis

• Saturation network saw similar patterns but added higher values in the south

Concentration distributions for “high-PM days” were evaluated

Page 23: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Network ObservationsMay 29, 2005

SaturationDAQEM

Page 24: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Network Observations June 17, 2005

SaturationDAQEM

Page 25: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Study ResultsTransport During High Wind Events

• Four high wind speed events• High wind speed events could have produced

exceedances in prior dry years• June 17 event reflected southwest to

northeast axis with apparent transport

Page 26: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Composite June 17, 2005

Saturation and DAQEM Networks

Page 27: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Study ResultsNeighborhood Impacts

• Two sites adjacent to major sources– West side near quarry – Mountain Crest– Northeast side near quarry – Speedway

• Influence of the sources could be seen at the adjacent sites in stable conditions (10-20 ug/m3)

• Source contribution in high wind speeds will be related to the source mitigation efforts

Page 28: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Study Average PM10 by Hour

0

15

30

45

60

0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00

Ave

rag

e P

M10

(u

g/m

3)

0

15

30

45

60

0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00

Hour of the Day

Ave

rag

e P

M10

(u

g/m

3)

MountainCrest

Wetlands

Blue Diamond

Page 29: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Summary

• Additional site in the south for inflow and observations during high wind speed events

• Review the status of the west side sites• ~15 mph wind speeds needed for entrainment• Material handling added 10 to 20 ug/m3 to

regions adjacent to quarry sites• Optical method worked well but with some

limitations • Observed PM10 higher values were short lived due to

limited PM reservoir• Field observations of dust mitigation appeared

very effective in reducing visible emissions

Page 30: Clark County PM 10 Saturation Study Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06

Questions?

Please contact:

Department of Air Quality and Environmental Management (DAQEM)

(702) 455-5942