class biology

DIRECTORATE OF SCHOOL EDUCATION, GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU, CHENNAI - 600 006.SCIENCE SYLLABUS - BIOLOGY

Level of Organisation1.1. Cellular Level Organisation

STANDARD

Expected SpecificOutcomes of Learning

Content in termsof Concepts

CurriculumTransactional Strategies Illustrations Evaluation

SuggestedNo. of Periods

1 2 3 4 5 6

1

Levels of organisation

1.1. Viruses

1.1.1. Viruses

1.1.1. Definition

1.1.2. T.M.V.(TobaccoMosaic Viruses)

1.1.3. Differencesbetween plantand Animalviruses.

1.1.4. Common viraldiseases inplants andanimalsincludinghuman beings.

1. Define avirus

2. What are thedifferencesbetweenplant andanimalviruses?

1. Understands the dualnature of viruses

2. Realises that viruses areactive only in livingcells.

3. Understands thatdiseases such ascommon cold arecaused by viruses

1. Herbarium specimen ofT.M.V. infected Tobaccoplant (Leaf)

X

1. Diagramshowing thestructure ofT.M.V.

2. PhotographsshowingT.M.V.infected plant.



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1.2. Bacteria

1.2.1. Bacteria

1.2.1. Introduction -prokaryoticnature

1.2.2. Types based onshape

1.2.3. Cell structure

1.2.4. Reproduction

- Binary fission

1.2.5. Beneficial andharmful role ofbacteria withthree exampleseach.

1. Is nucleuspresent in abacterial cell?

2. How dobacteria differfrom viruses?

3. How doessouring ofmilk occur?

4. What is therole ofbacteria indecompositionof organicmaterials?

1. Understands thatBacteria occur allaround us. (soil, water,air)

2. Compares the Viruswith Bacteria

3. Understands the role ofbacteria in day to daylife

4. Understands thatbacteria cause somediseases in human

5. Appreciates thatbacteria are Nature�sscavengers.

1. Root - nodules ofcommonly availableleguminous plants suchas ground-nut may beshown

2. Bacterium infectedcitrus fruit may beshown (citrus canker)

X

1. Chartsshowingdifferent typesof bacteria.

2. Chartsshowing thestructure of abacterial cell.



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1.3. Penicillium

1.3.1. Penicillium

1.3.1. Introduction - tofungi.

1.3.2. Occurrence innature

1.3.3. Structure

1.3.4. Reproduction(Asexual only)

1.3.5. Economicimportance

(Antibioticsindustry, cheeseindustry)

1.3.6. Discovery ofPenicillin -AlexanderFlemmings�swork

1. What is afungus?

2. Are all theplantsautotrophic?

3. What isPenicillin?

4. WhodiscoveredPenicillin?

1. Understands that someplants are heterotrophic

2. Compares theheterotrophic nutritionwith autotorphicnutrition

3. Appreciates theimportance ofPenicillium for theproduction of Penicillin(Antibiotics) andflavoured cheese.

1. Slide showingPenicillium to be shownunder the microscope

2. Photograph ofAlexander Fleming

X

1. Chartsshowing thelife-history ofPenicillium



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1.4. Medical Entomology

1.4.1. Insect vectors

1.4.2. AnophelesCulex, Aides,Pheleobotomus,bedbug,headlouse

1.4.1. Vector bornediseases -Malaria (ParasitePlasmodium)

Life cycle

Life History ofFilarial worm

Dengue fever

Brain fever

Cholera

Vector Control

Research centre- (VCRC) NMEP

1. Noting downcontrolmeasurestaken byGovernment

2. Mention thereason fortaking bloodsamplesduringevening forelephantaiasis

3. What is brainMalaria? -

4. Can yousuggestprecautionarymethods inyour area forvector bornedisease?

1. Defines vectors

2. Knows the host parasiticadaptation

3. Knows the stages oftransmission ofparasites

4. Narrates the controlmeasures

5. Differentiates male andfemale mosquito

1. Chart showing life cycleof plasmodium andFilarial worm

2. Observing stages ofdevelopment inmosquito

3. Observing the uses ofrepellents

X

1. Pictures ofAnophelusand Culexmosquito

2. Life cycle ofPlasmodium



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1. Levels of organisation

1.5. Multicellular level organisation - Frog

1.5.1. Frog -Systematicposition

1.5.2. Externalmorphology andsexualdimorphism

Digestive system

Buccal cavityand Alimentarycanal andphysiology ofdigestive system

Respiratorysystem

Circulatorysystem

Nervous system

Sense organs

Urinogenetalsystem.

1. What ismetam-orphosis?

2. DefineAmphibia.

3. Why is theskin slimy inFrog?

4. What iscloaca?

5. What do youunderstandby the termsexualdimorphism?

6. What aresecondarysexualcharacters?

1. Defines amphibiousmode of life

2. Realises thatamphibians are anintermediate formbetween Fishes andReptiles

3. Understands that frogcan respire both inwater and on land.

4. Understandsmetamorphosis.

1. Demonstration of allorgan systems throughdissections

X

1. Diagram ofFrog

2. Externalmorphologyand organsystems

3. Diagramshowingstages in thelife history



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1. Levels of organisation

1.6. Plant physiology

1.6.1. Plant physiology1.6.1. Introduction1.6.2. Different areas of

plant physiology(Absorption,Transpiration, MineralNutrition,Photosynthesis,Respiration, NitrogenMetabolism,Flowering, Growth -List and briefexplanation)

1.6.2. Absorption of water -osmosis - Thistlefunnel experiment -Entry of water throughroot - hair - Rootpressure

1.6.3. Photosynthesis -Definition - Lightreaction and darkreaction - a briefaccount

1.6.4. Respiration - aerobicand anaerobic -mechanism of aerobicrespiration - a briefaccount. Fermentationof milk

1.6.5. Growth - Definition -Growth hormonesincluding synthetichormones

1. What is physiology?2. What are the different

physiological activitiesof plants?

3. What is absorption?4. How does water enter

the plant?5. What is the

importance of water?6. What is

photosynthesis?7. How is

photosynthesisimportant for livingorganisms?

8. What do you meanby primary producer?

9. How will you showthe importance of O

2,CO2forphytosynthesis?

10.What is light reaction?11.What is respiration?12.How does aerobic

respiration differ fromanaerobic respiration?

13. What is growth?14.Wat is a hormone?15.What is the use of

hormones?

1. Understands the capacity /ability of plants to carry outmany physiological activities.

2. Understands that plantsconvert Light energy intoavailable chemical energy bythe unique process ofphotosynthesis.

3. Appreciates the role of plantsas the primary producers inthe living world byperforming photosynthesis.

4. Understands the role ofhormones in the growth ofplants.

5. Appreciates the importanceof synthetic hormones inagriculture.

1. Experiment to demonstrateosmosis, Root pressure,Evolution of Oxygen,importance of light inphotosynthesis, necessasityof CO2 in photosynthesis

2. Respiration - EvolutionCO2during respiration(Ganonges respiroscope)

X

1. Charts showinglight and darkreactions,Glycolysis, Krebscycle,fermentation



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1. Level of organisation

1.7. Human Physiology

1.7.1. Physiology offollowing :

1.7.2. Digestion,Respiration,circulation,Nervous,Excretionand senseorgans (Eye andear)

- relateddiseases - briefaccount

1. List out Digestiveenzymes

2. What is ulcer?

3. What is the lifespan of RBC?

4. What is thevolume of bloodin man?

5. What is a bloodbank?

6. What is blood cellcount?

7. What is shortsightedness?

8. Why should weavoid severeexercises inmountains?

9. What is nightblindness?

10.What is a Reflex?

11.Urine outputvaries in differentclimates Why?

1. Defines physiology.

2. Explains the differentsystems.

3. Knows the compositionof blood.

4. Understands variousfunctions of systems.

5. Knows the biochemicalnature of musclecontraction.

6. Knows physiologyrelated illnesses.

1. Human Tarsus can beused

2. Muscular workingmodel can be used.

X

1. Diagramshowingorgan systems



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2. Cell Biology

2.1. Chromosomes and Genes

2.1.1..Introduction tochromosomesand genes

2.1.2. A Typicalchromosome -Structure

2.1.3. Types ofchromosomes

2.1.4. Number ofchromosomes -Karyotypes

2.1.5. Genes - Sites -Structure andRole

- Genomes

1. What are sexchromosomes?

2. Differentiateautosomes andallosomes

3. Discuss howchromosomenumber is keptconstant in allgenerations.

1. Knows the nuclearcontent

2. Understands the ultrastructure of a typicalchromosome.

3. Realises specificity inthe number ofChromosomes.

4. Realises the Geneiccomposition ofChromosome

1. Explanation ofchromosomes usingcharts

IX

1. Diagram of atypicalchromosome

2. Tableprovidingspecificnumber ofchromosomesin differentorganisms.



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2. Cell Biology

2.2 Genes and Nucleic acis

2.2.1. Gene - DNANucleotidenucleosidebases

2.2.2. DNA Model withstrips andbeads.

2.2.3. Double helixWatson andCrick�s model

2.2.4. DNAReplication

2.2.5 Structure ofRNA andFunctions

2.2.6. Genetic codeand itssignificance.

1. Knows the role of genesand differentiates thenucelic acids

2. Explains the structure ofDNA

3. Lists out the differenttypes of RNA

DNA model with stripsand beads

Collection of colourfulpictures for an album

X

1. Diagramshowingdouble helicalstructure

1. What is agene?

2. Draw thestructure ofhelix model

3. Write a noteon tripletcode.

4. Give anaccount ofHargobindKhorona.



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2. Cell Biology

2.3. Gene Expression - Protein synthesis

2.3.1. Genicexpressionthrough geneticcode - DNA,RNA

2.3.2. Genetic codeand proteinsynthesis.

2.3.3. Expression ofgeneticcharacters

1. Knows that charactersare expressed throughsynthesis of proteins.

2. Interrelates thefunctioning of DNAand types of RNA

3. Knows transciption andTranslation

Genic expression throughcharts.

Model of DNA

X

1. Diagrammaticrepresentationof DNA,

2. Process ofproteinsysnthesis

1. What is meantby one geneone enzymehypothesis?

2. What is therole ofRibosomes?

3. What aretRNA / mRNA

4. How do yourelate proteinsynthesis withexpression ofcharacter.



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2. Cell Biology

2.4. Mutation

2.4.1. Mutation - gene,chromosomedefinition

2.4.2. Gene reaction -Hugo devriesDobzhansky andworks of THMorgan

2.4.3. Molecular Basisof genemutation.

1.4. InducedMutation

1.1.5 Chromosomalaberrations

1.1.6. Evolutionarysignificance ofMutation

2.4.7.7. Appliedmutation

Chromsomal aberrations

Knows the chemicaltransformation inmutation.

Evolutionary changes aredue to mutations.

Knows the importance ofmutation in agriculture.

Showing pictures ofmutant varieties

Culturing Drosophila andobserving mutants.

X

1. Diagram ofDrosophila

2. Corn varietes.

1. Definemutation?

2. What is therole ofDrosophila ingeneticalstudies?

3. What are thetypes ofMutations?

4. Define GeneMutation?

5. Defineevolutionarysignificance ofmutation?



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2. Cell Biology

2.5. Genetic Engineering

2.5. Geneticengineering -Manipulation ofgenes.

2.5.1. Tools used ingeneticengineering

Host-vectorDNA Enzymes.

2.5.2. Mechanism ofgeneticengineering

2.5.3. Isolation

Integration andcloning of Nifgene

2.5.4. Application ofGeneticengineering.

1. Knows that genes canbe altered.

2. Realises change ofcharacters throughgenetic engineering

3. Knows the basictechniques.

4. Understands theimportance of Geneticengineering inproductivity

Explanation throughmodels and charts

X

Appropriatediagrams

1. Can youdefine geneticengineering?

2. What are thetools used ingeneticengineering?

3. DefineMechanism ofgeneticengineering?



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2. Cell Biology

2.6. Bio-Technology

2.6. Bio- technology

2.6.1. Scientific art ofusing microorganisms

2.6.2 Application ofBiotechnologyin productionindustries.

2.6.3. Products ofBiotechnolgoy

2.6.4. Future ofBio-technology

1. Knows thatbiotechnology involvesutilization of micro -organisms

2. Realises the use ofmicro organisms innitrogen fixation.

Field trip to a nearby form.

Pictures of apparatus /Photos involved inBiotechnology.

Collection of paperclippings related to Bio-Technology

X

1. Illustratonrelated tocontent

1. What is bio-technology?

2. Importance ofBio-Technology inindustries?

3. Howantibodiesproduced?



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3. Reproductive Biology

3.1 Pollination and fertilisation

3.1 Pollination andfertilisation

3.1.1. Definition -pollination

3.1.2. Types ofpollinations

3.1.3. Contrivancesfor cross -pollination

3.1.4. Definition offertilisation

3.1.5 Process offertilisation

3.1.6. Doublefertilisation

3.1.7 Post -Fertilisationchanges in aflower.

1. Understands the processof sexual reproduction inAngiosperm

2. Appreciates the role ofdifferent agents inpollination

3. Recognises various floraladaptations fovouringcross pollination

4. Understands theformation of fruit andseed.

1. Sunflowers -(Inflorescence) adaptedboth for cross & selfpollination can bedemonstrated.

2. Crotalaria floweradpated for insectpollination can bedemonstruted paddyflower - adapted forwind pollination can bedemonstrated

X

1. Chartshowingcontrivancesfor crosspollination

2. Chartsshowing theproces offertilisation

1. What ispollination?

2. What isfertilisation?

3. What are theadpatationsseen in insectand windpollinatedflowers?

4. What happensto the floralparts afterfertilisation?



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3. Reproductive - Biology

3.2. Dispersal of Fruits and Seeds

3.2. Dispersal offruits andseeds.

3.2.1. Agents ofdispersal.

3.2.2. Adapatations offruits and seedsfor dispersal -Advantages ofdispersal.

1. Understands thenecessity for dispersal

2. Appreciates the role ofvarious agents indispersal

3. Compares theadaptations in fruits andseeds for dispersal.

1. Fruits of XanthiumTridax & Achyranthes& Cocos(Waterdispersal) seedsof Calotropis, (dispersalby animals)

2. Moringa ( windsdispersed) can bedemonstrated.

X

1. Chartsshowing fruitsand seedswith adaptionfor dispersalby wind,water, andanimals

1. What are thedifferentagents ofdispersal?

2. How are seedsand fruitsadapted fordispersal byvariousagents?

3. What are theadvantages ofdispersal?



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Reproductive - Biology

3.2.A Germination

3.2A. Parts of a seed

3.2A.1.Germinationtypes

1. Understands the seedstructure

2. Recognises the types ofGermination

Seed germination (Dicot(Bean- eipgeal), castor(Hypogeal)

Paddy (for monocat seed)can be demonstrated.

X

1. Chartsshowingdifferent typesofgermination

1. What isgermination?

2. How doesgermination ofa bean seeddiffer from thatof castor?

3. Which part ofthe bean seedcomes out firstduringgermination?



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3.3. Gametogenesis

3.3. GametogenesisIntroduction

3.3.1 Testis -Spermatogenesis

3.3.2 Phases -Multiplication

- Growth

_maturation

-Spermiogenesis

-Structure of Sperm

3.3.3 Ovary -Oogenesismenstrual cycle

1. Defines Gametogenesis

2. Understandsproduction of sex cells

3. Comparesspermatogenesis andoogenesis

4. Knows phases inmenstrual cycle

Charts can be shown toexplain spermatogenesisand Oogeneis

Labelled diagram of spermand egg.

X

Diagrammaticrepresentationof spermatogenesis andOogenesis

Labelleddiagram ofsperm andEgg

1. What is meantby primordialgerm cells.

2. Growth Phaseis insignificantin Spermato -genesisExplain.

3. Tabulate thedifferencesbetweenspermato -grnesis andoogenesis.



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Reproductive - Biology

3.4. Fertilization

3.4.1 Introduction

External fertilization

Internal fertilization

3.4.2 Mechanism offertilization

3.4.3. The meeting ofgametespenetration of thesperm into theegg, activation ofthe egg, fusion ofmale and femalepronuclei.

3.4.4. Significance offertilization

1. Realises that fertilizationrestores diploidchromosome number.

2. Knows that fertilizationinvolveschemoattraction

3. Relaises thatFertilization initiatesfurther development

Charts showing fertilizationprocess

X

1. Diagramshowing entryof sperm intoa ovum

1. What isfertilization ?

2. Differatiateexternal andInternalfertilization

3. What isamphimixis?



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3.5. Types of vertebrate eggs

3.5.1 Egg cell -definition

3.5.2. Sizes andshapes

3.5.3 Types of animaleggs.

3.5.4 Egg membranes

3.5.5 Amphioxus egg.

3.5.6. Hen�s egg -typical structure

1. Understands that theeggs of different animalsare having differentshapes and sizes.

2. Realises the importanceof yolk in the egg.

X

1. What iscleidoic egg?

2. Will theamount ofyolk affectfurtherdevelopment?

3. What is analecithal egg?

1. Labelleddiagram ofamphioxusegg and hen�segg.

1. Chart showingDiagram ofAmphioxus egg andHen�s egg.

2. Observation of realegg.



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3.6. Cleavage

3.6.1 Cleavage -Microlecithalegg.

3.6.1. Planes ofcleavage

3.6.2. Cleavage upto64 cell stage

- Blastula

- Beginning ofmulti cellularorganisation.

1. Knows that cleavages aremitotic cell divisions.

2. Understands that a singlecelled egg results in amulticellular animalthrough cleavage

3. Knows that amount ofyolk decides the natureof cleavage

X

1. Definemeridionalandlattitudinalcleavages.

2. Why do youconsiderAmphioxusegg asmicrolecithal?

1. A model of showingcleavage furrows

2. Demonstration byusing Apple and knife.

Diagrams to showdifferent stages



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3.7. Applied Embryology

3.7.1 Introduction toappliedembryology

3.7.1. Tissue culture -Technique -Application

3.7.2. CloningTechnique -cloned animals

3.7.3. Stem cells -Maintenance ofcell lineages

- application

- Organ repair.

1. Defines appliedembryology

2. Understands thatknowledge ofembryology helps inunderstanding organformation

3. Knows that throughtissues culture newvariety of useful plantscanbe produced.

4. Knows that stem cellresearch has medicalimportance.

X

1. �Knowledgeof appliedembyology isimportant� -Discuss

2. List outorganisms inwhichembryologicalresearcheshave beendone.

3. Would youlike to becloned?

1. Explanation throughpaper clippings andcharts

1. Photos ofcloned animals

2. Dioagramshowing tissueculture prac-tises and stemcell studeis.



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Diseases and Immunology

4.1 Medicinal Plants 4.2. Medical Practices

4.1.1..Importance ofplants as a sourceof drug forvarious kinds ofailments

4.2. Types of IndianMedicine(Siddha,Naturopathy,Homeopathy,Unani andAyurvedic)

4.2.3. Study of a fewcommonmedicinal plantsand their uses.(Azadizhataindica (Neem),Catharanthusroseus (Vincarosea)

4.2.3. Zingiber officinale(Euinger)

4.2.4. Ocinum sanction(Thulsi)

1. How are plantsuseful in thecure of humandiseases?

2. Which part ofCartharanthusis useful forLeukemia

3. For whatdisease is theplant Ocimumsanctiumused?

1. Understands the role ofplants in medicine.

2. Appreciates theimportance of Indianmedicine in the presentcontext

1. Fresh specimens ofplants mentioned maybe shown

X

1. Chartsshowing thethe medicinalplantsmentioned inthe syllabus



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4.3. Non-Communicable diseases

4.3.1.. Definition

4.3.2. Non -communicablediseases.

4.3.3. A study offollowngdiseases.

Diabetics CHD,RHD, Anorexianervosa, Renalfailure, obesityproteindefeciencydiseases

1. What are thecauses forcoronary heartdiseases?

2. What isangiogram andangioplasty?

3. What is ICCU?

4. What are thesymptoms ofDiabetesmellitus?

5. What are theearliersymptoms ofRHD?

6. What aremarasmus andkwashiorkor?

1. Knows that certaindiseases areindividualistic diseases.

2. Understands that lifestyle deviations cancause diseases.

3. Realises the importanceof balanced food andexercises

4. Knows that renal failurecan be due tohypertension,selfmedication anddiabetics.

1. A Chart showingdiseases and causes

X

1. Relevantpictures



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4.4. Addictions

4.4.. Definition

4.4.1. Alchoholismand ill effects

4.4.2. Abuse ofTobacco -various forms ofusage - Cancer

4.4.3. Drugs - Narcotic- Drugs - Types -Severeaddictions -Dependance

4.4.4. Deaddictionmethods - Govt.and Non-Govt.organisations

4.4.5. Social aspects.

1. Why dopeopleconsumealchohol?

2. What is themedicalimportance ofnarcotic drugs?

3. What is drugabuse?

4. Who is apassivesmoker?

5. Can we bantobacco?

6. Make a surveyof deaddictionfacilitiesavailable byreading newspapers

1. Knows that addictionsare due toexperimentations

2. Understands thataddiction leads tosocial rejection

3. Realises thataddiction retardsmental ability

4. Knows that addictionslead to mentaldepression andserious ailments.

5. Realises his socialresponsibility

1. Specialists can beinvited for guest lecture

2. Conduct a seminar onevil effects of drugabuse

X

1. Diagrams ofsymbols for�no alchohol��Tabacco� and�drugs�.



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4.5. Health - Artificial Immunisation

4.5.. Artificialimmunity -Types

4.5.1. Development ofvaccines -history -vaccinesavailable

4.5.2. Immunisationschedule

1. What is theneed forvaccination

2. Differentiatesnatural andartificialimmunity

3. What are theGovernmentprojects ofimmunisation

1. Realises the concept ofImmunity

2. Knows - antigenantibody reactions.

3. Understands the needfor booster doses

1. Through Charts

X

1. DiagramsshowingantibodyproductionRabbits /Horses



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Our Environment

5.1. Social Forestry

5.1.0..Definition

5.1.1. Deforestationandafforestation

5.1.2. Advantages ofsocial forestry

5.1.3. Plants employedin socialforestry.

1. What is socialforestry?

2. What are theadvantages ofafforestation?

3. List out theplants used insocial forestry.

1. Understands theimportance of socialforestry

2. Appreciates the benefitsof social forestry.

3. Understands thedangers of deforestation

1. Visit to deforested andafforested areas.

2. Collection of specimensfrom a social forest.

X

1. Photographsshowing thedeforestedand afforestedareas



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Our Environment

5.2. Environment - Global issues

5.2.0.. Globalenvironmentalissues -Introduction

5.2.1. Global warming

- A crisis

- Gases

Effect of globalwarming

5.2.2. Ozone layerdepletion -causes - effects -control

5.2.3. Earth summits

1. �Thinkglobally andact locally�comment.

2. What is thefuture foroceanic islands

3. What is thereason formelting ice inArctic andAntarcticregions.

1. Knows that theenvironmental issuesare Global issues.

2. Understands theconcept of globalwarming.

3. Realises the side effectsof global warming

4. Relates ozone hole withcancer

1. Charts and paperclippings

X

1. Diagrams toshow ozonelayerdepletion

2. Graphicalrepresentationof Globalwarming overthe years.



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Our Environment

5.3. Freshwater crisis and Management

5.3.0.. Role ofwater in animalsystem

5.3.1. Availability offresh water

- Depletion

- Conservation

- Rain waterharvesting(RWH)

1. How muchwater do youuse every day?

2. What are theuses of water?

3. What aremonsoonrains?

1. Realises that water is amajor component in allliving systems.

2. Knows the % of freshwater available tohuman

3. Understands the needfor RWH

1. Visiting a site havingRWH facility

X

RWH Pit



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Our Environment

5.4. Effluent treatment

5.4.1..Industrialeffluents

5.4.2. Heavy metalsand their effectson organisms

5.4.3. CommoneffluentTreatmentplants and theirimportance

1. Can we recycleindustrialwater?

2. How areorganismsaffected?

1. Knows the compositionof effluents

2. Understands effluenttreatment

1. Charts and Photoshowing effluenttreatment

X

1. Photos ofCETP



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Our Environment

5.5. Air pollution

5.5.0..Air pollution -Pollutants

5.5.1. Carbon -Monoxide,Sulphur dioxide,Nitrous Oxide -effects

5.5.2. Control of AirPollution

5.5.3. Noise pollution

- Decibel levels

1. What are thecommon airpollutants?

2. Describe thecontrolmeasures forair pollution.

3. What is dB?

1. Knows that air pollutionis a crisis in cities

2. Realises that airpollution can causesdisease.

1. Charts

X

1. Table toprovide airpollutants andeffects



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Our Environment

5.6. Wild Life Protection

5.6.0..Wild life

5.6.1. Need forprotection -conservation

5.6.2. Indian wild lifefauna and flora

5.6.3. Sanctuaries -Other protectionmethods.

5.6.4. Extinct andendangeredspecies

5.6.5. Governmentaland NGOagencies

1. How do youdeclare anorganism asextinct?

2. What is amarineReserve?

3. Provide salientfeatures ofwildlifeprotection act.

4. Collection ofpictures of wildanimals.

1. Knows all forms of wildlife.

2. Understands the needfor sanctuaries

3. Wonders at variety inlife.

1. Charts and pictures

X

1. Table forsanctuaries ofTamilnadu -India



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Applied Biolody

6.1. Sustainable Agriculture

6.1.0..Definition

6.1.1. Mixed cropping

6.1.2. Crop rotation

6.1.3. Green revolution

6.1.4 Plant breeding

6.1.5. Eco-friendlyagriculture (useof biofertilisersandbiopesticides)

(avoidingchemicalfertilizers andpesticides)

1. What is mixedcropping?

2. What are theadvantages ofmixedcropping?

3. What is greenrevolution?

4. How is ahybrid plantsuperior to oldvarieties.

1. Understands theimportance ofsustainable agriculture

2. Appreciates the benefitsof green - revolutionand crop rotation

3. Understands the benefitof biofertilisers andbiopesticides

1. Visit to an agriculturalresearch institute

2. Collection of cropsused for mixedcropping

X

1. Chartsshowingmixedcropping



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6.2. Natural resources

6.2.0. Types of naturalresources

6.2.1. Air

6.2.2. Water

6.2.3. Soil

6.2.4. Minerals

6.2.5. Energy

6.2.6. Flora & Fauna

6.2.7. Management ofNaturalresources

1. What are thedifferent typesof naturalresources?

2. What are thedifferent typesof soils foundin yourlocality?

1. Understands the uses ofvarious naturalresources for mankind

2. Understands the needto conserve our naturalresources

1. Collect and showdifferent soil samples(sand, clay, loam,garden soil) and watersamples

(pond, lake, sea, well,river)

X

1. Chartshowingbiospherereserves canbe shown

2. Chartsshowing thedifferentsources ofenergy maybe shown

3. Chartsshowing wildlife can beshown



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6.3. Crop Production

6.2.0..Importance ofcrops for man

6.2.3. Cultivation ofcrops (cash andfood crops)

6.2.4. Nutrientsrequired for thecrops

(Organic andInorganic)

6.2.5. Waterrequirements

6.2.6. Crop protection

1. List out thecommon foodcrops grown inour villages

2. What are thefertilizers usedfor differenttypes of foodcrops?

1. Appreciates theimportance of cropplants in human welfare

2. Understands thecultivation practices ofone common food crop

3. Identifies different typesof crops and their pests.

1. Collection of somecommon cultivatedcrops.

2. Visit to an agriculturalfarm (or) an agriculturefield.

3. Domonstration ofWormicomposting

4. Different types offertilizers can be shownwith details of nutrientsthey contain

X

1. Chartshowingdifferent cropplants

2. Chartsshowingwormicomposting



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Applied Biolody

6.4. Aquaculture and Vermiculture

6.4.1..Aquaculture

- Cultivableorganisms

- Fish varieties

- Fish culture

- Prawns

- Crabs

- Algae

- Pearl oyster

- Mussels

6.4.2. Vermiculture

- Need

- Species ofEarthworms

- Vermitechproducts anduses

1. What is ourproteinrequirement?

2. What are theuses of algae?

3. Name the freshwater culturefishes.

4. What isbiodegradablegarbage?

1. Knows the basicmethods inaquaculture.

2. Understands that thereare different methods ofaquaculture

3. Realises the importanceof earthworms in theproduction of bio-fertilisers

1. Charts paper clippingand pictures

2. Visit to an aquaculturefarm.

X

1. Pictures ofcultivableorganisms

2. Pictures toshowvermiculturetechnique



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6.5. Bio-Medical - Instrumentation

6.5. Introduction toInstrumentationtechniques

6.5.1. ECG - equipmentusage andoperation- Sphygmomonometer

6.5.2. CT scan -application

6.5.3. Angiogram -application

6.5.4. Dialysis - varioustechniques - need

6.5.5. Laproscopy andEndoscopy -applications

6.5.6. Eye lensimplantation

6.5.7. Organtransplantations- precaution andcare

6.5.8. Blood transfusion-Blood groups-Blood Banks-Techniques

6.5.9. Scope for furtherstudies -Institutes

1. What is�PQRST�wave?

2. What is normalBloodPressure?

3. Why should aperson havedialysis?

4. What are theapplications ofEndo andLaproscopies?

5. What are theorganstransplanted?

6. What is thenormalvolume ofBlood in man?

1. Knows that modernmedical practicedepends oninstrumentation

2. Understands thesignificance of ECG inheart care

3. Realises the importanceof monitoring Bloodpressure.

4. Understand theapplication of CT Scan

5. Knows the reason fordoing Angiogram

6. Realises the importanceof endoscopy

7. Wonders at the eye lensimplantation technique

8. Realises the significanceof organ transplantation

9. Understands Bloodtransfusion

1. Visit to a medicallaboratory

X

1. Pictures ofvariousequipments

class biology

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