class format 9º axis 3 biomes, wheather patterns in the planet and biodiversity

8/12/2019 CLASS FORMAT 9 AXIS 3 BIOMES, WHEATHER PATTERNS IN THE PLANET AND BIODIVERSITY

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Area: Biology Subject: Natural science Grade: 9

Date: Term: III N o urs: 3 Week:

Topic: Biomes, Weather patterns on the planet and biodiversity

Goal

Indicator:

.students will Identify biomes based on environmental factors and nativeorganisms and Practice ethical and legal use of technology systems and digitalcontent related with the preservation of the biodiversity.

Exploration : How can you find out what the weather will be like ahead of time?

Contextualization

A biome is a large, distinctive complex of plant communities created and maintainedby climate.

How many biomes are there?

A study published in 1999 concluded that there are 150 different "ecoregions" in NorthAmerica alone. But I shall cast my lot with the "lumpers" rather than the "splitters" andlump these into 8 biomes:

tundra taiga temperate deciduous forest scrub forest called chaparral in California) grassland desert tropical rain forest temperate rain forest


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A number of climatic factors interact in the creation and maintenance of a biome. Whereprecipitation is moderately abundant 40 inches (about 1 m) or more per year anddistributed fairly evenly throughout the year, the major determinant is temperature . It is notsimply a matter of average temperature, but includes such limiting factors as:

whether it ever freezes; length of the growing season

If there is ample rainfall, we find 4 characteristic biomes as we proceed from the tropics (hightemperatures) to the extreme latitudes (low temperatures). In order, they are:

tropical rain forest or jungle temperate deciduous forest taiga tundra

Tropical Rain Forest

In the Western Hemisphere, the tropical rainforest reaches its fullest development in thejungles of Central and South America.

The trees are very tall and of a greatvariety of species.

One rarely finds two trees of the samespecies growing close to one another.

The vegetation is so dense that little lightreaches the forest floor.

Most of the plants are evergreen, notdeciduous.

The branches of the trees are festoonedwith vines and epiphytes (see the phototaken in the Luquillo National Forest ofPuerto Rico).

The lushness of the tropical rain forest suggestsa high net productivity, but this is illusory. Many

of the frequent attempts to use the tropical rainforest for conventional crops have beendisappointing. Two problems:

The high rainfall leaches soil mineralsbelow the reach of plant roots.

The warmth and moisture cause rapid decay so little humus is added to the soil.

Temperate Deciduous Forest

This biome occupies the eastern half of the United States and a large portion of Europe. It ischaracterized by:


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Grasslands

Grasslands are also known as prairie orplains . The annual precipitation in thegrasslands averages 20 inches (~51 cm) peryear. A large proportion of this falls as rainearly in the growing season. This promotes avigorous growth of perennial grasses andherbs, but except along river valleys isbarely adequate for the growth of forests.

The photo shows grassland in the BadlandsNational Monument in South Dakota.

Fire is probably the factor that tips the balance from forest to grasslands. Fires set bylightning and by humans regularly swept the plains in earlier times. Thanks to theirunderground stems and buds, perennial grasses and herbs are not harmed by fires thatdestroy most shrubs and trees.

The abundance of grass for food, coupled with the lack of shelter from predators, producessimilar animal populations in grasslands throughout the world. The dominant vertebrates areswiftly-moving, herbivorous ungulates. In North America, bison and antelope wereconspicuous members of the grassland fauna before the coming of white settlers.

Now the level grasslands supply corn, wheat, and other grains, and the hillier areas supportdomesticated ungulates: cattle and sheep.

When cultivated carefully, the grassland biome is capable of high net productivity. A majorreason: rainfall in this biome never leaches soil minerals below the reach of the roots of cropplants

Desert

Annual rainfall in the desert is less than 10inches (25 cm) and, in some years, may be

zero. Because of the extreme dryness of thedesert, its colonization is limited to

plants such as cacti, sagebrush, andmesquite that have a number ofadaptations that conserve water over longperiods;

Fast-growing annuals, whose seeds cangerminate, develop to maturity, flower,and produce a new crop of seeds all within a few weeks following a rare, soaking rain.

The photo shows the desert in the Anza-Borego park in southern California.


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Regions in which the wind direction continues from a southerly direction will tend to be warmerthan normal. Regions in which the wind direction continues from a northerly direction will tendto be cooler than formal. The region in transition from the trough to the ridge with winds fromthe south tends to have the best rain changes especially if the southerly flow is also bringingup moisture. However, if the southerly flow is from a very dry region such as a desert then theweather will become very dry. The region in the transition from the ridge to the trough with thenortherly winds tends to have drier weather since the cooler air does not have as muchmoisture. Also, if the northerly winds are from the continent they tend to have lower dewpoints.

The variety of life on Earth, its biological diversity is commonly referred to asbiodiversity. The number of species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, theenormous diversity of genes in these species, the different ecosystems on the planet,such as deserts, rainforests and coral reefs are all part of a biologically diverse Earth.Appropriate conservation and sustainable development strategies attempt torecognize this as being integral to any approach. Almost all cultures have in someway or form recognized the importance that nature, and its biological diversity hashad upon them and the need to maintain it. Yet, power, greed and politics haveaffected the precarious balance.


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Why is Biodiversity important? Does it really matter if there arent so many species?

Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all havean important role to play.

For example, a larger number of plant species means a greater variety of crops; greaterspecies diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms; and healthy ecosystems canbetter withstand and recover from a variety of disasters.

And so, while we dominate this planet, we still need to preserve the diversity in wildlife.

Climate change affects air and ocean temperatures, the length of seasons, sea levels, thepattern of ocean and wind currents, levels of precipitation, as well as other things. Thesechanges affect the habitats and behavoiur of many different species. Many will not be able toadapt fast enough and may become extinct.

There are many things that you can do to combat climate change. Planting deciduous treeson the south side of your house or school will keep your house/school cooler in the summer.They will help produce oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. You can also encourage yourfriends and family to use public transit, carpool and walk or bike when they can.

Conceptualization

Ecosystem diversity

Variety of habitats, living communities, and ecological processes in the living world

Species diversity

Number of different species in the biosphere

Genetic diversity

Sum total of all the different forms of genetic information carried by all organisms living on


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earth today

Biosphere

Part of earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere; near to theearth's surface

Biomes

A broad, regional type of ecosystem characterized by distinctive climate and soil conditionsand a distinctive kind of biological community adapted to those conditions.

Climate

Overall weather in an area over a long period of time

Precipitation

The falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist)

Climatogram

A graph of monthly measurements of temperature and precipitation for a given area during ayear

Production

Make a concept map with the information shown in contextualization

Quiz

Matching Questions

1. adaptation

2. biomes

3. Permafrost

4. habitat

5. biosphere

a part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere; Near to the earth'ssurface

b a broad, regional type of ecosystem characterized by distinctive climate and soil conditions and adistinctive kind of biological community adapted to those conditions.

c permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground, in the tundra

d Place where an Organism lives

e the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)

5 Multiple Choice Questions


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1. trees that lose their leaves every year

1. native species

2. conifers

3.

deciduous trees4. Deciduous Forest

2. an ecological succession that begins in a an area where no biotic community previously existed

1. primary succession

2. secondary succession

3. succession

4. pollution3. the number of different species in a given area, or on earth as a whole

1.

biomes2. conifers

3. biosphere

4. biodiversity4. The shallowest zone in a marine habitat. Periodically dry or wet with the changing tides. Algae,

sponges, mollusks, starfish, and crabs inhabit this zone. Also called the littoral zone. Hard place tolive

1. intertidal zone

2. Habitat loss

3. neritic zone

4. open sea zone5. the top 200 meters of the ocean, regardless of what it is under

1. open sea zone

2. intertidal zone

3. Photosynthetic Zone

4. neritic zone

5 True/False Questions

1. microhabitat Place where an Organism lives

True False

2. Neritic zone the shallowest zone in a marine habitat. Periodically dry or wet with the changingtides. Algae, sponges, mollusks, starfish, and crabs inhabit this zone. Also called the littoral zone.Hard place to live

True False


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3. pioneer species first species to populate an area during primary succession

True False

4. exotic species species that have naturally evolved in an area

True False

5. Boreal Forest South of the tundra, average temperatures, summer: 60 degrees and Winter: 14degrees; Pine Trees, Conifers, Fir and Spruce trees, and ferns; Moose, elk, snow leopards, and

porcupines. 50 Cm of rain

True False

class format 9º axis 3 biomes, wheather patterns in the planet and biodiversity

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