class i infection control - handwashing

8/10/2019 Class I Infection Control - Handwashing

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Basic Infection Control


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Infection:

An invasion of pathogens ormicroorganisms into the body that are

capable of producing disease.

The invasion and reproduction of

microorganisms in a body tissue that canresult in a local or systemic clinicalresponse such as cellulitis, fever etc.


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Infection Control:

Includes all of the practices used to preventthe spread of microorganisms that couldcause disease in a person.

Infection control practices help to protectclients and healthcare providers from

disease by reducing and/or eliminatingsources of infection.


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Nosocomial Infections:

Result from delivery of health services in ahealthcare setting, clients are at increasedrisk.

Unfortunately, nosocomial infections leadto increased healthcare costs, extended

hospital stays and prolonged recovery time. Hospital acquired infection


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Clients in healthcare settings are at risk

for acquiring or developing infections

because:1. Lower resistance to infectious microorganisms (due to

illness or disease).

2. Exposure to an increased number of and more types of

disease-causing organisms. (Hospital harbors a high

population of virulent strains of microorganisms that are

resistant to antibiotics) MRSA, VREsuper bugs.

3. The performance of invasive procedures. (IV cathetars

etc.. Anything that crosses protective barriers)


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Nosocomial Infections:

Most nosocomial infections are transmitted by health care

workers and clients as a result of direct contact.

We, as nurses must pay particular attention to washing

hands after contact with clients or equipment.


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Personal Pointer:

Frequent hand washing dries skin. Skin can

breakdown and crack, breaking our skin barrier

protection. Use hand moisturizer frequently.

Protection of the client is priority, however, we

must also protect ourselvesas nurses we are atrisk for contact with infectious materials or

exposure to a communicable disease.


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Principles of Basic Infection

Control:

1. Microorganisms move through space on air

currentsavoid shaking or tossing linen.

2. Microorganisms are transferred from one

surface to another whenever objects touch, a

clean item touching a less clean item becomes

dirty keep hands away from face, keeplinens away from uniforms, an item dropped on

the floor is considered dirty. (cont.)


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Basic Infection Control (cont.)

3. Microorganisms are transferred by gravity when one

item is held above another, avoid passing dirty items

over clean items eg. Clean items on upper shelvesdirty

items on lower shelves (bedpan).

4. Microorganisms are released into the air on droplet

nuclei whenever a person breathes or speaksavoid

breathing directly in someones face; when someonecoughs/sneezes, cover mouth with kleenex, discard,

wash hands.


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Basic Infection Control (cont.)

5. Microorganisms move slowly on dry surfaces,

but very quickly through moistureuse paper

towel to turn facets off, dry bath basin before

returning to bedside table.

6. Proper handwashing removes many of the

microorganisms that would be transferred by thehands from one item to anotheralways wash

hands between patients.


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Chain of Infection:

Portal of

Exit

Portal

of Entry

Transmission

Reservoir

Infectious

Agent

Host

Susceptibility


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Chain of Infection: (cont.)

Infectious agentmicroorganisms

(bacteria, viruses) Residentnormally reside on the skin in stable

numbers

Transientattach loosely to the skin by contact with

anothereasily removed by handwashing


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Reservoir:

Or source of pathogen. Pathogen survives

here but may or may not multiply.


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Portal of exit:

From the reservoir, exit through the skin,

respiratory tract, blood. Site where

microorganism leaves.


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Mode of transmission:

Means of spread:

travel by air

contactdroplet


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Portal of Entry: (to the host)

Enter the same way they exit (open wound,

breathe in)


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Host susceptibility:

Host must be susceptible to the strength and

numbers of the microorganisms.

To reduce susceptibilityprovide adequate

nutrition & rest, promote body defenses

against infection & provide immunization.


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Prevention of Transmission:

HANDWASHING (FOR EVERYONE)


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Aseptic Technique: 2 types

Medical AsepsisClean technique;

procedures used to reduce & prevent spread

of microorganisms ** Handwashing**

Surgical AsepsisSterile technique;

procedures used to eliminatemicroorganisms **Sterilization**


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Handwashing

Is the single most important procedure for

preventing the transfer of microorganisms &

therefore preventing the spread of nosocomial

infections.

CDC (Centres for Disease Control and

Prevention) recommends 10-15 second handwash. This will remove most transient organisms

from the skin.


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Key Points for Personal Hygiene

Restrain hairhair falling forward may

drop organisms.

Keep nails shortno acrylic nails orchipped nail polish.

Minimum jewelry (see agency policy)

Cover open wounds with an occlusivedressing


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When should hands be washed:

When visibly soiled.

Before and after client contact.

After contact with a source of microorganisms (blood,

body fluids, mucus membranes, non intact skin orinanimate objects that might be contaminated.

Prior to performance of invasive procedures (IV catheters,

indwelling catheters).

Before and after removing gloves (wearing gloves does notremove the need to wash hands).

At the beginning and end of every shift.


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Purpose of the health care Process

Identify client health care needs

Determine priorities

Establish goals & expected outcomes of careEstablish & communicate a client-centered plan of

care

Provide nursing interventions to meet client needs

Evaluate effectiveness of nursing care


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Ethics and the Law

As medical professionals are responsible toprotect the rights and interests of clients.

There is a great deal of trust placed in healthprofessionals, they are expected to:

Be qualified

Provide safe & competent care

Respect our basic human rights


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Values

Health and well-being Nurses value health and well-being and assist

persons to achieve their optimum level of

health in situations of normal health, illness,

injury or in the process of dying.

Choice Nurses respect and promote the autonomy of

clients and help them to express their health

needs and values, and to obtain appropriate

information and services.

Dignity Nurses value and advocate the dignity and self-respect of human beings.


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Consumer Rights for Health Care

1. Right to be Informed

2. Right to be respected as the individual with a major

responsibility for his/her own health care

3. Right to participate in decision making affectinghis/her own health

4. Right to equal access to health care regardless of theindividuals economic status, sex, age, creed, ethnicorigin, and location.

class i infection control - handwashing

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