class system captaincy system- feudalistic masters and slaves- tendency to identify labor with...

Class System

• Captaincy System- feudalistic• Masters and Slaves- Tendency

to identify labor with slavery gave rise to a large class of “poor whites”

• Mazombos (Brazilian-born whites)VS.Reinois (Peninsulars)

Economic Situation

• Captaincy System

• French, Dutch, and English Challenges

• Pombaline Reforms( ~ Bourbon Reforms)- sought to improve economy, but was ineffective

• Mercantilist System

• Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal

Indigenous People

• Banderiantes ( ~Kurakas), who were themselves mestizos in most cases, practiced slave raiding

• Pombaline Reform forbade enslavement > indigenous people intermarried and became part of the population

Political Situation

• Inefficient governors- overlapping functions & intervention of home government

• Senado de Camara (~Juntas)- wealthy merchants, planters, & professional men

Dom Pedro ICONSTITUTION

•Created:

•Council of State

•2-chamber Parliament

•4th branch of government

•Preserved the power of the Emperor

CONFEDERATION OF THE EQUATOR (1824)

•Northern provinces secede from Brazil and form a government

•Raises anti-monarchy sentiments

SLAVE TRADE TREATY (1826)

•In return for British recognition of Brazilian independence, Brazil will end the slave trade

ABDICATION

•Revolts force Dom Pedro to abdicate in favor of his 5 year old son

Regency Rule

•Farroupilha Revolution: Republican uprising originating in Rio Grande de Sol. (1835-1845)

•Republic of Rio Grande- a separatist state created by rebels in the Revolution that existed separate from brazil until 1845

•The Revolution rushed the coronation of Dom Pedro II (because it was dangerous to the monarchist government)

Rio Grande Republic

Dom Pedro IIPOLITICAL• Strengthened

the central government

• Many wars with other Latin American countries.

• Liberal and Conservative parties

ECONOMIC

• Economic stability

•fazendas (coffee plantations)

•increase in coffee exports

SOCIAL

• “Golden Law”= abolition of slavery (1888)

• large immigration of Europeans

•Rise of middle class

INTELLECTUAL

• promoted education

• resentment of monarchy, popularity of republic.

Collapse of the Monarchy

• CAUSES:

– Abolition without compensation– Tense relationship with the Church– Military had become a strong political force

• Nov. 15, 1889: MILITARY REVOLTS– Leader= Gen. Manuel Deodoro

– Dom Pedro abdicates and is banished to Europe

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Early

Republican Period

1.) Military autocracy with Gen. Deodoro as supreme leader





2.) Presidency era: 1894- first civilian president

WWI era

•Brazil revokes degree of neutrality between Germany and USA and sides with the USA.



1. Vargas and Dutras

• Vargas- held office twice----1930-1945 and 1951-1954

– 1st term: Estado Nuevo= Vargas seizes absolute power

• Dutra’s term

– New constitution

– Outlawed Communist Party• WWII- declared war against Axis







2. Kubitschek • Juscelino Kubitschek elected president (supported by illegal Communist Party)

• “fifty years progress in five”

•Nationalism

•Economic progress (but inflation continues)



Quadros and Goulart (1961)

• Qaudros = PresidentGoulart= Vice President

• Opposed any interaction with the USA (to condemn Castro)

• Resignation (1961) outs Brazil on brink of civil war

• Goulart attempts to establish a dictatorship ---overthrown by military



Military control

•Power in the hands of the victors of the revolution

•Institutional Act- thousands imprisoned

•1964-1985- Brazil ruled by military dictatorship

Redemocratization• 1985: indirect elections restored Brazil to

civilian rule

• 1989: Fernando Collar de Mello first elected president by popular vote after military regime

Today•ECONOMIC:

•Coffee still the main agricultural product

•Brazil accounts for three fifths of the South American economy’s industrial production

•POLITICAL:

•Federal Republic: form of government made up of a federal state with a constitution and self-governing subunits

•President Lula

•4 main political parties







class system captaincy system- feudalistic masters and slaves- tendency to identify labor with...

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