class8 sanskrit textbook
TRANSCRIPT
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eye~;Ttkxzrks nwjeqnSfr nSoa
rnqlqIrL; rFkSoSfrAnwjaxeaT;ksfr"kkaT;ksfrjsoaQ
rUes eu% f'kolYieLrqAA1AA&'kqDy;tqosZn%(34-1)
lq"kkjfFkj'okfuo ;Ueuq";k&Uusuh;rsHkh'kqfHkokZftu boA
Rizfr"Ba;nftjatfo"BarUes eu% f'kolYieLrqqAA2AA
&'kqDy;tqosZn%(34-6):ikUrje~
tks jgrk gS tkxzr vkSj nwj nwj rd tkrk gS]
lks;k jg dj Hkh ,sls gh tk dj okil vkrk gSAnwj nwj og tkus okyk lc rstks a dk T;ksfrfu/kulnk lefUor 'kqHklYiksals og eu esjk cus egku~ AA1AA
tks tu tu dks ckxMksj ls b/j m/j ys tkrk gS]prqj lkjFkh T;ksa ?kksM+ksa dks bfPNr pky pykrk gSAlnk izfrf"Br n;ns'k esavtj vkSj vfr'k; xfreku~lnk lefUor 'kqHklYiksals og eu esjk cus egku~ AA2AA
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xi
ikBkuqef.kdki"Bkk%
iqjksoko~Q iiiHkwfedk viieXye~ xii
izFke% ikB% lqHkkf"krkfu 1
f}rh;% ikB% fcyL; ok.kh u dnkfi es Jqrk 6
r`rh;% ikB% HkxonTtqde~ 13
prqFkZ% ikB% lnSo iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~ 23
ipe% ikB% /esZ/euaikis iq.;e~ 29
"k"B% ikB% izseyL; izseY;k'p dFkk 37lIre% ikB% tyokfguh 43
v"Ve% ikB% lalkjlkxjL; uk;dk% 50
uoe% ikB% lIrHkfxU;% 59
n'ke% ikB% v'kksdofudk 68
,dkn'k% ikB% lkfo=kh ckbZiqQys 74
}kn'k% ikB% d% j{kfr d% jf{kr% 80
=k;ksn'k% ikB% fgeky;% 88
prqnZ'k% ikB% vk;ZHkV% 94
ipn'k% ikB% izgsfydk% 102
ifjf'k"Ve~ lfU/%] dkjde~] 'kCn:ikf.k /krq:ikf.k p 107
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/manglam.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/manglam.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/manglam.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/manglam.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-01.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-01.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-01.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-01.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-02.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-02.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-02.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-02.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-03.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-03.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-03.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-03.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-04.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-04.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-04.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-04.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-04.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-04.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-04.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-04.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-05.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-05.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-05.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-05.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-05.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-05.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-05.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-06.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-06.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-06.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-06.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-06.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-06.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-07.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-07.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-08.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-08.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-08.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-09.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-09.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-10.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-10.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-10.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-11.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-11.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-11.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-11.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-12.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-12.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-13.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-13.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-13.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-14.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-14.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-14.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-14.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-14.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-15.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-15.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-15.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-15.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/parsist.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/parsist.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/parsist.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/parsist.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/parsist.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-15.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-14.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-13.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-12.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-11.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-10.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-09.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-08.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-07.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-06.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-05.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-04.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-03.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-02.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/Chap-01.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/book_publishing/class8/ruchira/manglam.pdf 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lqHkkf"krkfu1
izFke% ikB%
lqHkkf"krkfu
^lqHkkf"kr* 'kCn ^lq$ Hkkf"kr* bu nks 'kCnksaosQ esy ls lEi gksrk gSA lqdk vFkZlqUnj] e/qj rFkk Hkkf"kr dk vFkZopu gSA bl rjglqHkkf"kr dk vFkZlqUnj@ekqjopu gSA izLrqr ikB esalwfDretjh] uhfr'krde~] euqLe`fr%] f'k'kqikyoke~] iprU=ke~ls jkspd vkSj fopkjkskstd 'yksdksadks lax`ghr fd;k x;k gSA
xq.kk xq.kKs"kq xq.kk HkofUr
rs fuxqZ.kaizkI; HkofUr nks"kk%A
lqLoknqrks;k% izHkofUr u|%leqn zeklk| HkoUR;is;k% AA1AA
lkfgR;lhrdykfoghu%
lk{kkRi'kq%iqPNfo"kk.kghu%A
r`.kau [kknfi thoeku%
rn~Hkkx/s;aijeai'kwuke~AA2AA
yqC/L; u';fr ;'k% fi'kquL; eS=khu"Vf;L; oqQyeFkZijL; /eZ%A
fo|kiQyaO;lfuu% i.kL; lkS[;a
jkT;a izeklfpoL; ujkf/iL; AA3AA
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2#fpjk
rrh;ks Hkkx%
'kCnkFkkZ%
ihRok jlarqdVqoaQ e/qjalekua
ek/ q;Zeso tu;sUe/qef{kdklkSA
lUrLrFkSo lelTtunqtZukukaJqRok op% e/qjlwDrjlal`tfUr AA4AA
egrka izfr% lSo of/ Zrkuk a ijSjfiA
u tgkfr futaHkkoala[;klqykfr;ZFkk AA5AAf;kajkspekuk;kalorn~jksprs oqQye~ArL;k a Rojkspekuk;ka loZe so u jksprs AA6AA
xq.kKs"kq & xqf.k;ksa esa
lqLoknqrks;k% & Lokfn"V ty
izHkofUr & fudyrh gSa @mRiUu gksrh gSa
leqnzeklk| (leqnze~$vklk|) & leq nz esa feydj@igqpdj
HkoUR;is;k% (HkofUr$vis;k%) & ihus ;ksX; ughagksrh
fo"kk.kghu% & lhax osQ fcuk
[kknUufi([kknu~$vfi) & [kkrs gq , Hkh
thoeku% & ftUnk jgrk gq vkfi'kquL; & pqxy[kksj@pqxyh djus okys dh
O;lfuu% & cqjh yr okyksa dh
ujkf/iL;(uj$vf/iL;) & jktk dk@osQ@dh
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lqHkkf"krkfu3
tu;sUe/qef{kdklkS & ;g e/q eD[kh iSnk djrh@(tu;sr~$e/qef{kdk$vlkS) fuekZ .k djrh gS
lUrLrFkSo (lUr%$rFkk$,o) & oSls gh lTtu
ltfUr & fuekZ .k djrs gSa
izfr% & LoHkko@vknr
of/Zrkuke~ & c
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4#fpjk
rrh;ks Hkkx%
(x) dL; ;'k% u';fr\
(?k) dfLeu~ yksosQ lRlrs% izHkkoks of.kZr%\
() e/qjlwDrjlaosQ l`tfUr\
4- v/ksfyf[kr&rn~Hko&'kCnkukars ikBkr~fpRok laLrinkfu fy[kr&
;Fkk&oaQtwl i.k%
dM+ok --------------------
iwN --------------------
yksHkh --------------------
e/qeD[kh --------------------
frudk --------------------
5- v/ksfyf[krs"kqokD;s"kqdr`Zinaf;kinap fpRok fy[kr&
okD;kfu dkkZ f;k
;Fkk&lUr% e/qjlwDrjlal`tfUrA lUr% l`tfUr(d) fuxZq.kaizkI; HkofUr nks"kk%A -------------------- --------------------
([k) xq.kKs"kqxq.kk% HkofUrA -------------------- --------------------
(x) e/qef{kdk ek/q;tu;sr~A -------------------- --------------------
(?k) fi'kquL; eS=kh ;'k% uk'k;frA -------------------- --------------------
() u|% leqnzeklk| vis;k% HkofUrA -------------------- --------------------
6- js[kkfrkfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.kaoqQ#r&
(d) xq.kk% xq.kKs"kqxq.kk% HkofUrA([k) u|% lqLoknqrks;k% HkofUrA
(x) yq C/L; ;'k% u';frA
(?k) e/qef{kdk ek/q;Zeso tu;frA
() egrkaizfr% lqfLFkjk HkofrA
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lqHkkf"krkfu5
7- mnkgj.kkuqlkjainkfu iFko~Q oqqQ#r&
;Fkk&leqnzeklk| leqnze~ $ vklk|
ek/q;Zeso --------------- $ ---------------
vYieso --------------- $ ---------------
loZeso --------------- $ ---------------
lekuefi --------------- $ ---------------
egkReukeqfDr% --------------- $ ---------------
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%izLrqr ikB esa egkiq#"kk sa dh izfr] xqf.k;ksa dh iz'kalk] lTtuks a dh ok.kh]lkfgR;&laxhr&dyk dh egkk] pqxy[kksjksadh nksLrh ls gksus okyh gkfu] fL=k;ksaosQizlUu jgus esalcdh [kq'kgkyh dks vkykfjd Hkk"kk esaizLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
ikB osQ 'yksdksa osQ leku vU; lqHkkf"krksa dks Hkh Lej.k j[ksa rFkk thou esamudh mikns;rk@laxfr ij fopkj djsaA
(d) ;s"kkau fo|k u riks u nkue~Kkuau 'khyau xq.kks u /eZ%A
rs eR;ZyksosQ Hkqfo HkkjHkwrk%euq";:is.k e`xk'pjfUrAA
([k) xq.kk% iwtkLFkkuaxqf.k"kqu p fyau p o;%A(x) izkjH; pksketuk% u ifjR;tfUrA(?k) nq tZu% ifjgrZO;ks fo|;kyrksfi lu~A() u izk.kkUrs izfrfofrtkZ;rs pkskekuke~A(p) mn;s lfork jDrks jDr'pkLrrs rFkkA
lEikkS p foikkS p egrkesd:irkAAmi;ZqDr lqHkkf"krksaosQ va'kksadks ius dk iz;Ru djsarFkk laLr
,oavU; Hkkjrh;&Hkk"kkvksaosQ lqHkkf"krksadk laxzg djsaA^xq.kk xq.kKs"kqxq.kk HkofUr*bl iafDr esafolxZlfU/ osQ fu;e esa^xq.kk%* osQ folxZdk nksuksackj yksi gqvk gSA lfU/ osQ fcuk iafDr ^xq.kk% xq.kKs"kqxq.kk% HkofUr* gksxhA
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6#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
vO;;iz;ksx%
f}rh;% ikB%
fcyL; ok.kh u dnkfi es Jqrk
izLrqr ikB laLr osQ izfl dFkkxzUFk ^iprU=ke~* osQ r`rh; rU=k ^dkdksywdh;e~*
ls ladfyr gSA iprU=k osQ ewy ys[kd fo".kq'kekZ gSaA blesa ikp [k.M gSa ftUgsa^rU=k* dgk x;k gSA buesa x|&i| :i esadFkk, nh x;h gSa ftuosQ ik=k eq[;r%i'kq&i{kh gSaA
dLef'pr~ous [kju[kj% uke lg% izfrolfr LeA l% dnkfpr~brLrr% ifjHkzeu~
{kq/krZ% u fdfpnfi vkgkja izkIroku~A rr%lw;k ZLrle;s ,dka egrh a xqgk a n`"V ~ok l%
vfpUr;r~&uwue~ ,rL;ka xqgk;ka jk=kkS dksfi
tho% vkxPNfrA vr% v=kSo fuxw
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7
fcyL; ok.khu dnkfi es
Jqrk
nwjLFk% joadrqZekjC/%&Hkks fcy! Hkks fcy! d u
Lejfl] ;Ue;k Ro;k lg le;% rksfLr ;r~;nkga
ckr% izR;kxfe";kfe rnk Roaeke~vkdkjf;";fl\;fn Roaekau vk;fl rfgZvgaf}rh;afcya;kL;kfebfrA
vFk ,rPNzqRok lg% vfpUr;r~&uwues"kk xqgk
Lokfeu% lnk lekkua djksfrA ijUrq en~Hk;kr~ ufdfpr~onfrA
vFkok lkfone~mP;rs&
Hk;lU=kLreulka gLriknkfndk% f;k%AizorZUrs u ok.kh p osiFkq'pkf/dks Hkosr~AA
rnge~ vL; vkkua djksfeA ,oa
l% fcys izfo'; es HkksT;a Hkfo";frAbRFk a fopk;Z lg% lglk 'k `x kyL;vkkuedjk sr ~ A lgL; mPpxtZu&
iz frofuuk lk xqgk mPpS% 'k `xkye~vk;r~A vusu vU;sfi i'ko% Hk;Hkhrk%vHkou~A 'kxkyksfi rr% nwja iyk;eku%beeiBr~&
vukxra;% oqQ#rs l 'kksHkrs
l 'kksP;rs ;ks u djksR;ukxre~Aous=k laLFkL; lekxrk tjk
fcyL; ok.kh u dnkfi es JqrkAA
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8#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
dfLe'pr~ (dfLeu~$fpr~) & fdlh (ou esa ){kq/krZ% ({kq/k$vkrZ%) & Hkw [k ls O;koqQyvUrjs & chp esa
fuxw
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9
fcyL; ok.khu dnkfi es
Jqrk
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
dfLeaf'pr~ fofpUR; lkfone~
{kq/krZ% ,rPN zqRok Hk;lU=kLreulke~
lginifr% lekkue~ izfrofu%
2- ,dinsu mkjafy[kr&
(d) lgL; uke fde~\
([k) xqgk;k% Lokeh d% vklhr~\
(x) lg% dfLeu~le;s xqgk;k% lehis vkxr%\
(?k) gLriknkfndk% f;k% osQ"kkau izorZUrs\
() xqgk osQu izfrofurk\3- etw "kkr% vO;;ina fpRok okD;kfu iwj;r&
lnk cfg% nwja rkor~ rfgZ rnk
(d) ;nk n'koknuaHkofr ------------------ Nk=kk% fo|ky;axPNfUrA
([k) lw;Z% iwoZfn'kk;ka ------------------ mnsfrA
(x) 'kxky% xqgk;k% ------------------ vklhr~A
(?k) l p ;kor~i';fr] ------------------ lginifr% xqgk;kaizfo"Vk n`';rsA
() 'kxkyksfi rr% ------------------ iyk;eku% viBr~A
(p) ;fn liQyrke~bPNfl ------------------ vkyL;a R;tA
vH;kl%
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10#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
4- iw .kZokD;su mkjr&
(d) [kju[kj% oqQ=k izfrolfr Le\
([k) egrhaxqgkan`"V~ok lg% fde~vfpUr;r~\
(x) 'kxky% fde~vfpUr;r~\
(?k) 'kxky% oqQ=k iykf;r%\
() d fopk;Zlg% 'kxkyL; vkkuedjksr~\(p) vL;kadFkk;kadL; pkrq;fu:fira lgL; 'kxkyL; ok\
5- etw "kkr% vO;;inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
lglk nwjs e'k% ;nk rnk ijUrq ;fn rfgZ
,dfLeu~ ous d'Pku O;k/% tkya foLrh;Z ------------------ fLFkr%A ------------------
vkdk'ks lifjokj% diksrjkt% fp=kxzho% fuxZr%A
------------------ r.Mqyd.kkukeqifj diksrkukayksHkks tkr%A
-------------------------- jktk r=k lger% uklhr~A rL; ;qfDr%
vklhr~ ------------------ futZus ous dksfi euq";ks ukfLr
----------------------- oqQrks ok r.Mqyd.kkuka lEHko%\
------------------ jkK% mins'keLohR; rs uhpS% vkxrk]------------------ tkys fuifrrk%A vr% mDre~ ^--------------
fonkhr u f;ke~*A
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fcyL; ok.khu dnkfi es
Jqrk
6- ?kVukekuqlkjaokD;kfu fy[kr&
(d) xqgk;k% Lokeh nf/iqPN% uke 'k`xky% lekxPNr~A
([k) lg% ,dkaegrha xqgke~vi';r~A
(x) ifjHkzeu~lg% {kq/krksZtkr%A
(?k) nwjLFk% 'k`xky% joadkqZekjC/%A
() lg% 'kxkyL; vkkuedjksr~A(p) nwjaiyk;eku% 'kxky% 'yksdeiBr~A
(N) xqgk;kadksfi vfLr bfr 'kxkyL; fopkj%A
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
xzUFk&ifjp; & fo".kq'kekZ us jktk vej'kfDr osQ ew[kZ iq=kksa dks oqQ'ky jktuhfrKcukus osQ ms'; ls dFkkvksaosQ ladyu osQ :i esaiprU=k dh jpuk dh FkhA blesa
fe=kHksn] fe=klEizkfIr] dkdksywdh;] yC/iz.kk'k rFkk vijhf{kr&dkjd_ bu ikp [k.MksaesaoqQy 70 dFkk,rFkk 900 'yksd gSaA 'yksdksaesaizk;% roZQiw.kZuhfr'yksd iz;qDrgSaA iprU=k dk vuqokn prqFkZ'krkCnh osQ vklikl bZjku dh igyoh Hkk"kk esagqvkFkkA blh osQ vk/kj ij fons'kh Hkk"kkvksaesablosQ vusd vuqokn gq,A
^dkdksywdh;e~* iprU=k dk rrh; rU=k gSA bldk uke dkd vkSj mywd dheq[; dFkk osQ dkj.k iM+k gSA
O;kdj.ke~
vO;; & vO;; laLr esa nks izdkj osQ 'kCn gSa&fodkjh rFkk vfodkjhA fodkjh'kCn ifjorZu'khy gSaA laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k vkSj f;k 'kCn fodkjh gSaA tSls&ckyd%]l%] 'kqDy%] xPNfrA vfodkjh 'kCn vO;; dgykrs gSaA buosQ :i dHkh ughacnyrsAtSls&v=k] v/quk] vfiA
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12#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
vO;;ksaosQ Hkh :< vkSj ;kSfxd nks :i feyrs gSaA :< vO;;ksaosQ [k.M ughagksrs tSls&p] vfi] ok] rq] [kyq] u bR;kfnA ;kSfxd vO;;ksaosQ [k.M gksrs gSa;s r~]rfr ;k lekl osQ :i esagksrs gSaA r~ls cus vO;; gSa&xRok] xUrqe~bR;kfnA rfrls cus vO;; gSa&loZFkk] ,dnk] r=k] bRFke~] dFke~bR;kfnA lekl osQ :i esavO;;gSa&izfrfnue~] ;Fkk'kfDr bR;kfnA
izLrqr ikB esadnkfpr~] brLrr% (br% $ rr%)] u] n"V~ok] uwue~] vfi] rfgZ]v=k] ,o (v=kSo)] HkwRok] bfr] p] cfg%] vgks] ,oe~] fofpUR;] lg] rnk] ;fn] vFk]JqRok] lnk] ijUrq(ije~$ rq)] izfo';] lglk] dnkfi (dnk $ vfi) ;s vO;; gSaAbudh mi;ZqDr dksfV;ksaesaigpku dh tk ldrh gSA
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1213HkxonTtqde~
r`rh;% ikB%
HkxonTtqde~HkxonTtqde~laLr dk ,d izfl izglu gSA blosQ jpf;rk cks/k;u dgs x;s gSaAblesaolUrlsuk uked xf.kdk viuh lsfodk ijHkfrdk osQ lkFk m|ku esafogkj osQfy, vkrh gSA mldk izseh jkfeyd mlls feyus ogkvkrk gSA blh chp ;e osQ }kjkHkstk x;k nwr ftls olUrlsuk uke dh fdlh vU; L=kh osQ izk.k ys tkuk gS] liZcudj xyrh ls bl olUrlsuk dks Ml ysrk gS vkSj mldk tho ysdj ;eyksd pyktkrk gSA
blh m|ku esa ,d ifjozktd(laU;klh) vius f'k"; osQ lkFk vk;s gq, gSaAolUrlsuk dks e`r ns[kdj f'k"; 'kkf.MY; nq%[kh gks tkrk gSA rc ifjozktd ;ksx ls
viuk tho xf.kdk dh dk;k esaizos'k djk nsrs gSaA xf.kdk thfor gks tkrh gSA mkjxyr tho ykus ij ;ejkt ;eiq#"k dks MkV&MiVdj okil Hkstrs gSaA m|ku esaokil vkdj ;eiq#"k ns[krk gS fd ftl xf.kdk osQ izk.k og ys x;k Fkk og laU;klhdh rjg lcdks mins'k ns jgh gSA rc ;eiq#"k laU;klh osQ [ksy dks vkxs c
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14#fpjk
rrh;ks Hkkx%
oS|% & vjs b;alisZ.k n"VkA
psVh & dFkek;ksZtkukfr\
oS|% & egkUra fodkja djksrhfrAfo"krU=ke~ vkjHks Aoq Q.My&oqQfVyxkfefu!e.Mya iz fo'k iz fo'kA
oklqfdiq=k! fr"B fr"BAJw JwA vga rs fljkoska
dfj";kfeA oqQ=k oqQBkfjdkA
xf.kdk & ew[kZoS|! vyaifjJes.kA
oS|% & fikeI;fLrA vgars fikaokradiaQ p uk'k;kfeA
jkfeyd% & Hkks%! f;rka;Ru%A u
[kYorKk o;e~AoS|% & xqfydk% vku;kfeA
(fu"kUr%)(rr% izfo'kfr ;eiq#"k%)
;eiq#"k% & Hkks%! HkfRlZrksga;esuA
u lk olUrlsus; a f{ki za r=kSo uh;rke~A
vU;k olUrlsuk ;k {kh.kk;qLrkfegku;AA
;konL;k''kjhjefXula;ksxa u Lohdjksfr rkoRlizk.kkesuka djksfeA(foyksD;)v;s! mfRFkrk [kfYo;e~A Hkks! fdUuq[kfYone~A
vL;k thoks ee djs mfRFkrS"kk ojkukAvk'p;ijeayksosQ Hkqfo iwou n`';rsAA
(loZrksoyksD;)
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1415HkxonTtqde~
v;s! v;e=kHkoku~;ksxh ifjozktd% hMfrA fdfenkuhadfj";sA Hkorq]n`"Ve~A vL;k xf.kdk;k vkRekuaifjozktd'kjhjs U;L; voflrs deZf.k
;FkkLFkkuafofu;kst;kfeA(rFkk Rok fu"kUr%)
ifjozktd%& (mRFkk; xf.kdk;k% Lojs.k)ijHk`frosQ! ijHkfrosQ!'kkf.MY;% & vjs! izR;kxrizk.k% [kyqHkxoku~A
ifjozktd%& oqQ=k oqQ=k jkfeyd%A
jkfeyd% & HkxoUu;efLeA
'kkf.MY;% & Hkxou~ fdfene~\ #nzk{kxzg.kksfpr% okegLr% 'k~[koy;iwfjr boes izfrHkkfrA uSo uSoA
ifjozktd%& jkfeyd! vkfy eke~A
(rr% izfo'kfr oS|%)
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16#fpjk
rrh;ks Hkkx%
oS|% & xqfydk% e;k vkuhrk%A mnde~mnde~A
psVh & bne~mnde~A
oS|% & xqfydk% vo?k^;kfeA
xf.kdk & (laU;kflu% Lojs.k)ew[kZ oS|! tkukfl dresu lisZ.k b;a L=khn"Vk\
oS|% & vjs] b;aizsrsu vkfo"VkAxf.kdk & 'kkL=katkukfl\
oS|% & vFk fde~\xf.kdk & czwfg oS|'kkL=ke~AoS|% & 'k`.kksrqHkorhA
okfrdk% iSfkdk'pSo 'ySf"edk'p egkfo"kk%A=khf.k likZ HkoUR; sr s prqFkk sZ ukf/xE;r sAA
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1617HkxonTtqde~
xf.kdk & v;ei'kCn%A =k;% likZbfr oDrO;e~A ^=khf.k* uiqaloaQ HkofrAoS|% & vjs] vjs! b;aoS;kdj.klisZ.k [kkfnrk Hkosr~Axf.kdk & fd;Urks fo"kosxk%\oS|% & fo"kosxk% 'kre~Axf.kdk & u u] lIr rs fo"kosxk%A r|FkkA
jksekpk s eq[k'k ks" k'p oSo.; pSo osiFk q%A
fgDdk okl'p laeksg% lIrSrk fo"kfof;k%AAoS|% & u [kYoLekoaQ fo"k;%A ueks HkxoR;SA xPNkfe rkonge~A(fu"kUr%)(izfo';)
;eiq#"k% & HkxoUeqP;rkaxf.kdk;k% 'kjhje~Axf.kdk & vLrqA;eiq#"k% & ;Fkk vL;k% thofofue;aRok ;kongefi Lodk;Zeuqfr"BkfeA
(rFkk Rok fu"kUr%)
ifjozktd%& f'koeLrqloZtxrkaijfgrfujrk HkoUrqHkwrx.kk%Anks"kk% iz;kUrq uk'k a loZ=k lq[kh Hkorq yksd%AA
vTtqdk & lEekU; [email protected] osQfy;s laKk vkSj lacks/u
,dr% & ,d vksjifjozktdL; & laU;klh dk
thosu & izk.k osQ lkFk
vkfo"Vk & izfo"V gq bZvijr% & nwljh vksj
'kCnkFkkZ%
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18#fpjk
rrh;ks Hkkx%
psVh & nklh] ukSdjkuh
lofLFkrk & izk.k esa fLFkr
n"Vk & Ml yh x;h
fo"krU=ke~ & >kM+&iw Qd dks@fo"k Hkxkus dh fo|k dks
vkjHks & vkjEHk djrk gw @'kq: djrk gw
oqQ.MyoqQfVyxkfefu! & gs oq Q.My osQ leku Vskvksa osQ }kjk lki idM+us osQ fy;siFohry ij cuk;h tkus okyh okkdkjvkfr
fljkos/e~ & ukM+h dkVuk
oqQBkfjdk & NksVh oqQYgkM+h
fike~] okre~ & fik ,oa okr (ok;q) ls mRiUu gksusokys jksx
f;rke~ & djsa ;Ru% & Je] ifjJe] esgur
vrKk & r?u
xqfydk% & nokbZ dh xksfy;k
fu"kUr% & fudy x;k
HkfRlZr% & Mk Vk x;k
f{kize~ & 'kh?kz
uh;rke~ & ys tk;sa{kh.kk;q% ({kh.k$vk;q%) & ftldh vk;q lekIr gks x;h gS
bg & ;gk
vfXula;ksxe~ & vkx ls la;ksx
lizk.kke~ & izk.k lfgr dks
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1819HkxonTtqde~
mfRFkrk & mB x;h
ojkuk (oj$vuk) & Js"B ukjh
Hkqfo & iFoh ij
U;L; & j[kdj
voflrs & lekIr gksus ij
izR;kxrizk.k% & ftldk izk.k ykSV vk;k gS'k~[koy;iwfjr & 'k~ [k fufeZr dM+k ls ;qDr
vo?k^;kfe & ?kksa Vrk gw@ihlrk gw
dresu & fdl
fd;Ur% & fdrus
eq[k'kks"k% & eq g dk lw[kuk
oSo.;Ze~ & psgjs dk jax mM+uk
osiFkq% & dkiuk@didih
fgDdk & fgpdh
laeksg% & csgks'kh] ewPNkZ
fo"kosxk% & fo"k osQ izHkko
fo"kfof;k% & fo"k osQ fodkj
eqP;rke~ & NksM+ nsa
mixE; & ikl tkdj thofofue;e~ & izk.k dh vnyk&cnyh
Hkwrx.kk% & izkf.kx.k
iz;kUrq & tk;sa
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20#fpjk
rrh;ks Hkkx%
1- v/ksfyf[krkukaiz'ukuke~mkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&
(d) xf.kdk;k% uke fde~\
([k) ifjozktdL; f'k";% d% vklhr~\
(x) ;enwr% xf.kdk;k% thoadL; 'kjhjs fun/kfr\(?k) ijfgrfujrk osQ HkoUrq\
2- lfU/foPNsnaoqQ#r&
;Fkk& r=kSo r=k $ ,o
HkxoUu;e~ ---------------- $ ----------------
'okl'p ---------------- $ ----------------
[kYorKk% ---------------- $ ----------------lIrSrk% ---------------- $ ----------------
djksrhfr ---------------- $ ----------------
3- mnkgj.kkuqlkjavO;;inkfu fpuqr&
;Fkk& jk/k vfi uR;frA vfi
(d) Roadnk x`gaxfe";flA ----------------
([k) v/quk d% le;%A ----------------(x) egkRekxkU/h lnk lR;aonfr LeA ----------------
(?k) vga o% fo|ky;axfe";kfeA ----------------
() bnkuhaRoa'yksoaQ iBA ----------------
vH;kl%
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2021HkxonTtqde~
4- v/ksfyf[krkfu dFkukfu d%@dk oaQ@dkaizfr dFk;kfr\
d%@dk oaQ@dkaizfr
(d) ew[kZoS|! vyaifjJes.kA ---------------- ----------------
([k) oqQ=k oqQ=k jkfeyd%A ---------------- ----------------
(x) fo"kosxk% 'kre~A ---------------- ----------------
(?k) xqfydk% e;k vkuhrk%A ---------------- ----------------() bne~mnde~A ---------------- ----------------
(p) vjs! izR;kxrizk.k% [kyqHkxoku~A ---------------- ----------------
5- foijhrkFkZdk% 'kCnk% ys[kuh;k%&
xq.kk% ----------------
Lohdkj% ----------------
nf{k.kgLr% ----------------
vuU;k ----------------
rK% ----------------
6- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu iz;qT; okD;kfu jp;r&
xqfydk% & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
oqQBkfjdk & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
f{kize~ & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;Ru% & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
yksosQ & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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22#fpjk
rrh;ks Hkkx%
7- mnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k infuekZ.kaoqQ#r&
ewy'kCnk% opue~ inkfu
;Fkk& f'kfYiu~ izFkek&,dopus f'kYih
/fuu~ f}rh;k&,dopus ---------------------
Kkfuu~ r`rh;k&,dpus ---------------------
egokdkaf{ku~ f}rh;k&cgqopus ---------------------
cgqHkkf"ku~ rrh;k&cgqopus ---------------------
nf.Mu~ f}rh;k&cgqopus ---------------------
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
i;kZ;okfpu% 'kCnk%
liZ% & Hkq tx%] O;ky%] fo"k/j% ph] vfg%] iouk'ku%] HkksxhAyksd% & lalkj%] txr~] Hkqoue~] fo'oe~A
'kjhje~ & nsg%] ruq%] xk=ke~] oiq%] dk;%] foxzg%AHkw% & /jk] iFoh] /j.kh] vpyk] vuUrk] /fj=kh] olq/k] olqU/jk] olqerhAf{kize~ & nzqre~] 'kh?kze~] Rofjre~] lRoje~] piye~] rw.kZe~] vfoyfEcre~A
* izglu :id dk Hksn gS tks gkL;jl iz/ku gksrk gSA HkxonTtqde~laLr ukV~;lkfgR; dk izfl izglu gSA ;g gekjs ns'k esarFkk fons'kksaesaHkh ewy laLrrFkk vU; Hkk"kkvksaesavuwfnr gks dj fo'o osQ Js"B ukV~;funsZ'kdksaosQ funsZ'kuesaeap ij vusd ckj [ksyk x;k gSAbl izglu dk vfHku; osQjy osQ eafnjksaesaizkphu dky ls gh ikjaifjd :i lsgksrk jgk gSA bldh nk'kZfud o vk;kfRed O;k[;k Hkh dh tkrh jgh gSA
* jkf"V; ukV~; fo|ky; (,u~-,l~-Mh)] fnYyh osQ ikB~;e esa;g Lohr gSA* nwjn'kZu /kjkokfgd osQ :i esa(lkr dfM+;ksaesa) Hkh bldk izlkj.k gks pqdk gSA
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2223
lnSo iqjrksfuksfg pj.ke~
prqFkZ% ikB%
lnSo iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~Jh/jHkkLdj o.ksZdj osQ }kjk fojfpr izLrqr xhr esapqukSfr;ksadks Lohdkj djrs gq,vkxs c
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24#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
'kCnkFkkZ%
iqjrks(iqjr%) & vkxs
fu/sfg & j[kks
fxfjf'k[kjs & ioZ r dh pksVh ij
futfudsrue~ & viuk fuokl fouSo(fouk$,o) & fcuk gh
uxkjksg.ke~ (ux$vkjksg.ke~) & ioZr ij p
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2425
lnSo iqjrksfuksfg pj.ke~
1- ikBs nkaxhralLojaxk;rA
2- v/ksfyf[krkukaiz'ukuke~mkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&
(d) Lodh;alk/uad Hkofr\
([k) ifFk osQ fo"kek% iz[kjk%\
(x) lrrad dj.kh;e~\
(?k) ,rL; xhrL; jpf;rk d%\
() l% dhn`'k% dfo% eU;rs\
3 etw "kkr% fozQ;kinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
fu/sfg fo/sfg tghfg nsfg Hkt py oqQ#
;Fkk&Roaiqjr% pj.kafu/sfgA
(d) Roa fo|ky;a -----------------A
([k) jk"Vs vuqjfDra -----------------A
(x) eg~;atya -----------------A
(?k) ew
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26#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
4- etw "kkr% vO;;inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
,o [kyq rFkk ifjr% iq jr% lnk fouk
(d) fo|ky;L;----------------- ,de~m|kue~vfLrA
([k) lR;e~ ----------------- t;rsA
(x) d Hkoku~Lukuaroku~----------------- \
(?k) l% ;Fkk fpUr;fr----------------- vkpjfrA
() xzkea----------------- o{kk% lfUrA
(p) fo|ka ----------------- thouaoFkkA
(N) ----------------- HkxoUra HktA
5- foykseinkfu ;kst;r&
iqjr% fojfDr%
Lodh;e~ vkxeue~
Hkhfr% i"Br%
vuqjfDr% ijdh;e~
xeue~ lkgl%
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2627
lnSo iqjrksfuksfg pj.ke~
6- yV~ ydkjinsH;% yksV~&fof/fy~ydkjinkuka fuekZ.kaoqQ#r&
yV~ydkjs yksV~ydkjs fof/fy~ydkjs
;Fkk&iBfr iBrq iBsr~
[ksyfl --------------- ---------------
[kknfUr --------------- ---------------
fickfe--------------- ---------------
glr% --------------- ---------------
u;ke% --------------- ---------------
7- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu funsZ'kkuqlkjaifjorZ;r&
;Fkk& fxfjf'k[kj (lIreh&,dopus) & fxfjf'k[kjs
ifFku~(lIreh&,dopus) & ------------------
jk"V (prqFkhZ&,dopus) & ------------------ik"kk.k (lIreh&,dopus) & ------------------
;ku (f}rh;k&cgqopus) & ------------------
'kfDr (izFkek&,dopus) & ------------------
i'kq (lIreh&cgqopus) & ------------------
8- mfprdFkukukale{ke~ ^vke~*] vuqfprdFkukukale{ka ^u* bfr fy[kr&
;Fkk&iqjr% pj.kafu/sfgA
(d) futfudsrua fxfjf'k[kjs vfLrA
([k) Lodh;acyack/oaQ HkofrA
vke~
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28#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
(x) ifFk gk% i'ko% u lfUrA
(?k) xeualqdje~vfLrA
() lnSo vxzs ,o pyuh;e~A
9- okD;jpu;k vFkZHksna Li"VhoqQ#r&
ifjr% iqjr%
ux% ukx%
vkjksg.ke~ vojksg.ke~
fo"kek% lek%
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
u xPNfr bfr ux%A iru~xPNrhfr iUux%A
mjlk xPNrhfr mjx%A olq/kj;rhfr olq/kA
[ks (vkdk'ks) xPNfr bfr [kx%A ljrhfr liZ%A
MkW- Jh/jHkkLdj o.ksZdj (1918&2005 bZ-) ukxiqj fo'ofo|ky; esalaLr foHkkxosQ v;{k FksA mUgksaus laLr Hkk"kk esadkO;] ukVd] xhr bR;kfn fo/kvksadh vusdjpuk,dhaA rhu [k.MksaesalaLr&ok~e;&dks'kdk Hkh mUgksaus lEiknu fd;kA mudhjpukvksaesa ^f'kojkT;ksn;e~* egkdkO; ,oa ^foosdkuUnfot;e~* ukVd lqizfl gSaA
izLrqr xhr esa iT>fVdk NUn dk iz;ksx gSA bl NUn osQ izR;sd pj.k esa16
ek=kk,gksrh gSaA fgUnh esabls pkSikbZdgk tkrk gSA
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29/esZ /eua ikis
iq.;e~
dkjkUr&L=khfy%
ipe% ikB%
/esZ /eua ikis iq.;e~^/esZ/euaikis iq.;e~* (/je esa/Ddk] iki esaiq.;) e;izns'k osQ fM.Mksjh fkysesaij/kuksaosQ chp izpfyr yksddFkk gSA ;g dFkk iprU=k dh 'kSyh esajfpr gSAbl dFkk esa;g Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd ladV esaiM+us ij Hkh prqjkbZ,oaizR;qRiUUkefrRols mlls fudyk tk ldrk gSA
vklhr~ df'pr~ ppyks uke O;k/%A if{kexknhuka xzg.ksu l% Loh;kathfodkafuok Zg;fr LeAA ,dnk l% ou s tkya foLrh; Z
x`ge~ vkxroku~A vU;fLeu~ fnolsizkr%dkys ;nk ppy% ouaxroku~rnk l% n`"Voku~;r~ rsu foLrkfjrstky s nk SH k kZ X;kn ~ ,d% O;k?k z %c% vklhr~A lksfpUr;r~] ^O;k?kz%ek a [kkfn";fr vr,o iyk;uadj.kh;e~A* O;k?kz% U;osn;r ~&^Hkks
ekuo! dY;k.ka Hkorq rsA ;fn Roaeka ekspf;";fl rfgZ vga ROkka ugfu";kfeA* rnk l% O;k/% O;k?kzatkykr~ cfg% fujlkj;r~A O;k?kz%DykUr% vklhr~A lk sonr~] ^Hkks
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rrh;ks Hkkx%
ekuo! fiiklq% vge~A u|k% tyekuh; ee fiiklka'ke;AO;k?kz% tyaihRok iqu% O;kkeonr~] ^'kkUrk es fiiklkAlkEizra cqHkqf{krksfLeA bnkuhe~ vga Roka [kkfn";kfeA*ppy% mDroku~] ^vga RoRrs keZe~ vkpfjroku~ARo;k feF;k Hkf.kre~A Roaeka[kkfnrqe~bPNfl\
O;k?kz% vonr~] ^vjs ew[kZ! /esZ/euaikis iq.;a
Hkofr ,oA iPN defiA*ppy% unhtye~ vi`PNr ~ A
unhtye~vonr~] ^,oeso Hkofr] tuk%ef; LukuaoqQoZfUr] oL=kkf.k iz{kky;fUrrFkk p ey&ew=kkfnoaQ fol`T; fuorZUrs]vr% /esZ/euaikis iq.;aHkofr ,oA*
ppy% o`{ke~ mixE; vi`PNr~Ao{k% vonr~] ^ekuok% vLekoaQ Nk;k;kafojefUrA vLekoaQ iQykfu [kknfUr] iqu%oqQBkjS% izR; vLeH;aloZnk d"VannfrA;=k oqQ=kkfi NsnuaoqQoZfUrA /esZ/euaikisiq.;aHkofr ,oA*
lehis ,dk yksef'kdk cnjh&xqYekukai`"Bs fuyhuk ,rkaokrkJ`.kksfr LeA lk lglk ppyeqil`R;dFk;fr&dk okrkZ\ eke~vfi foKki;A l% vonr~&vgg ekrLol%! voljsRoa lekxrorhA e;k vL; O;k?kzL; izk.kk% jf{krk%] ije~ ,"k% ekeso [kkfnrqe~bPNfrA rnuUrjal% yksef'kdk;S fuf[kykadFkkaU;osn;r~A
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31/esZ /eua ikis
iq.;e~
'kCnkFkkZ%
yksef'kdk ppye~ vdFk;r~&ck
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32#fpjk
rrh;ks Hkkx%
fujlkj;r~(fu%$vlkj;r~) & fudkyk
DykUr% & Fkdk gqvk
fiiklq% & I;klk
'ke; & 'kkUr djks@feVkvks
cqHkqf{kr% & Hkw[kk
Hkf.kre~ & dgkiz{kky;fUr & /ksrs gSa
fol`T; & NksM+dj
fuorZUrs & pys tkrs gSa@ykSVrs gSa
mixE; & ikl tkdj
fojefUr & foJke djrs gSa
oqQBkjS% & oqQYgkfM+;ksalsizR; & izgkj djosQ
Nsnue~ & dkVuk
yksef'kdk & ykseM+h
fuyhuk & Nqih gqbZ
mil`R; & lehi tkdj
ekr`Lol%!
& gs ekSlh
lekxrorh & i/kjh@vkbZ
fuf[kyke~ & lEiw.kZ] iwjh
ck
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33/esZ /eua ikis
iq.;e~
izR;{ke~ & vius (le{k) lkeus
okkUre~ & iwjh dgkuh
izn'kZf;rqe~ & izn'kZu djus osQ fy,
izkfo'kr~ (iz$vfo'kr~) & izos'k fd;k
owQnZue~ & mNy&owQn
vukjre~ & yxkrkj
JkUr% & Fkdk gqvkizR;korZr(izfr$vk$vorZr) & ykSV vk;k
1- ,dinsu mRrjafy[kr&
(d) O;k/L; uke fde~vklhr~\
([k) ppy% O;k?kzaoqQ=k n`"Voku~\
(x) foLr`rs tkys d% c% vklhr~A
(?k) cnjh&xqYekukai`"Bs dk fuyhuk vklhr~\
() vukjraowQnZusu d% JkUr% vHkor~\
2- la Lrsu mkjr&
(d) ppysu ous d re~\
([k) O;k?kzL; fiiklk dFka'kkUrk vHkor~\(x) tyaihRok O;k?kz% fde~vonr~\
(?k) ppy% ^ekr`Lol%!* bfr dkalEcksf/roku~\
() tkys iqu% caO;k?kzan`"V~ok O;k/% fde~vdjksr~\
vH;kl%
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rrh;ks Hkkx%
3- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu d%@dk oaQ@dkaizfr dFk;fr&
d%@dk oaQ@dka
;Fkk& bnkuhe~vga Roka [kkfn";kfeA O;k?kz% O;k/e~
(d) dY;k.kaHkorqrsA ------------ ------------
([k) tuk% ef; LukuaoqQoZfUrA ------------ ------------
(x) vjs ew[kZ! /esZ/euaikis iq.;aHkofr ,oA ------------ ------------(?k) ;=k oqQ=kkfi NsnuaoqQoZfUrA ------------ ------------
() lEizfr iqu% iqu% owQnZuaRok n'kZ;A ------------ ------------
4- lfU/a Rok fy[kr&
e`x $ vknhuke~ ----------------------------
rFkk $ ,o ----------------------------
oqQ=k $ vfi ----------------------------
cqHkqf{kr% $ vfLe ----------------------------
izfr $ vk $ vorZr ----------------------------
5- mnkgj.kkuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
;Fkk& ekr (izFkek) ekrk ekrjkS ekrj%
Lol` (izFkek) ----------- ----------- -----------
ekr` (r`rh;k) ek=kk ekrH;ke~ ekrfHk%Lol` (r`rh;k) ----------- ----------- -----------
Lol` (lIreh) Lolfj Loks% Lol"k`
ekr` (lIreh) ----------- ----------- -----------
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35/esZ /eua ikis
iq.;e~
Lol` ("k"Bh) Lolq % Loks% Lol.kke~
ekr` ("k"Bh) ----------- ----------- -----------
6- etw "kkr% inkfu fpRok dFkkaiwj;r&
n"V~ok Lodh;S% roku~ drZ ue~ o`%
lk^gkle~ rfgZ {kqnz% ekspf;rqe~ vdLekr~
,dfLeu~ous ,d% ------------------- O;k?kz% vklhr~A l% ,dnk O;kksu foLrkfjrs tkys
c% vHkor~A l% cgqiz;kla------------------- fdUrqtkykr~eqDr%
ukHkor~A ------------------- r=k ,d% ew"kd% lekxPNr~A caO;k?kza
------------------- l% re~vonr~&vgks! Hkoku~tkys c%A vga
ROkka------------------- bPNkfeA rPNzqRok O;k?kz% --------------vonr~&vjs!
Roa{kqnz% tho% ee lgk;adfj";flA ;fn Roaekaekspf;";fl
-------------------vgaRokau gfu";kfeA ew"kd% ------------------- y?kqnUrS%
rTtkya------------------- Rok ra O;k?kzacfg% roku~A
7- /kra qizR;;ap fy[kr&
inkfu /krq% izR;;%
;Fkk&xUrqe~ xe~ $ rqequ~
nz"Vqe~ -------------- $ -------------
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rrh;ks Hkkx%
dj.kh; -------------- $ -------------
ikrqe~ -------------- $ -------------
[kkfnrqe~ -------------- $ -------------
Rok -------------- $ -------------
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
ij/ku vkSj mudh dykijEijk&ij/ku eq[;r% xkSaM jktkvksa dh oa'kkoyh vkSjdFkk osQ xk;d FksA xkSaM jkT; osQ lekIr gksus ij ;s xk;d viuh xk;h tkus okyhdFkkvksaij fp=k cukus yxsA bl leqnk; dh dFkkvksavkSj fp=kdyk osQ ckjs esavkSjvf/d tkuus osQ fy, iqLrd ^tux
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3637
izseyL;izseY;k'p
dFkk
milxZ% izR;;p
"k"B% ikB%
izseyL; izseY;k'p dFkkizLrqr dgkuh f'k{kkfon~ fxtq HkkbZ (1885&1939) dh jpuk ^iseyk iseyh dhdgkuh* dk vuqokn gSA xqtjkr osQ Hkkouxj osQ fo|ky; esai
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rrh;ks Hkkx%
izsey% g.Mha pqY;ke~ vLFkki;r~A fdfpr~ dkykuUrja p iqu% izseyhe~vi`PNr~& bnkuha d djokf.k\ izseyh vonr~ fdeU;r~] g.Mhe~ vorkj;A
g.Mheork;Zizsey% iPNfr& v/quk\ izseyh onfr&v/quk g.MhaLukuxgs LFkki;Aizsey% g.MhaLukuxgs fu/k; iPNfr& v/quk\ izseyh fujfn'kr~&lEizfr LukuaoqQ#Aizsey% LUkkRok vi`PNr~&vkquk d dj.kh;e~\
izseyh vonr~& bnkuhag.Mha;FkkLFkkua fu/sfgA izsey% g.MhalaLFkkI; 'kjhja
gLrsu laLi`'; vdFk;r~& vjs] dhn`'kaiq"ifeo 'kjhjay?kqtkre~A ;fn Roaizfrfnua,oeso tye~m".kaRok eannkfl rfgZfd;r~'kksHkuaHkosr~A izseyh vonr~& fdegau bfr dFk;kfe\ ijUrqv=k dL; vkyL;e~\ izsey% vonr~& vkyL;arqeeSoAije~vxzs vkYkL;au dfj";kfeA
izseyh vonr~& vLrq! lEizfr vkokaHkkstuaoqQoZ%A
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3839
izseyL;izseY;k'p
dFkk
dk"BPNsnsu & ydfM+;k dkVus ls
[kyq & vo'; gh (vO;;)
LukRok & Luku djosQ
JkfUr% & Fkdku vixfe";fr & nwj gks tk,xh
vLohoqQ;kZe~ & vLohdkj d:
g.Mh & gfM+;k
vokrkj;r~ (vo$vrkj;r~) & mrkj fy;k
Hk`Rok & Hkjdj
pqY;ke~ & pwYgs esa] ij
dk"Bkfu & ydfM+;ksadksizTToky; & tykvks
lE;o~Q & vPNh rjg lsiwQRoqQ# & iwQdks
dkykuUrje~ (dky$vuUrje~) & le; osQ ckn
fu/k; & j[kdj
fujfn'kr~ (fu%$vfn'kr~) & funsZ 'k fd;k
laLFkkI; & j[kdj
LkaLi`'; & Nwdj dhn`'ke~ & oSQlk
y?kq & gYdk
fd;r~ & fdruk
'kCnkFkkZ%'kCnkFkkZ%
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rrh;ks Hkkx%
1- ,dinsu mkjr&
(d) izsey% oQFkaJkUr% vklhr~\
([k) izsey% dnk x`ge~vkxPNr~\
(x) izsey% dkfu izkToky;r~\(?k) pqYyhaizTokyf;rqaizsey% d roku~\
() izseyh dL; iRuh vklhr~\
2- v/ksfyf[krs"kqins"kqmilx fpRok iFko~Q oqQ#r&
;Fkk&vixfe";kfr vi $ xfe";fr
vorkj; -------------- $ --------------
izTTokY; -------------- $ --------------izgkj% -------------- $ --------------
ijkt;% -------------- $ --------------
migkj% -------------- $ --------------
3- v/ksfyf[krs"kqins"kqmnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k /krqaizR;;ap iFko~Q oqQ#r&
inkfu /krq% izR;;%
(d) ;Fkk& xRok xe~ $ DRok Rok -------------- $ --------------
Hk`Rok -------------- $ --------------
LukRok -------------- $ --------------
vH;kl%
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4041
izseyL;izseY;k'p
dFkk
([k) ;Fkk& ifBrqe~ iB~ $ rqequ~
drqZe~ -------------- $ --------------
[kkfnrqe~ -------------- $ --------------
nz"Vqe~ -------------- $ --------------
inkfu milxZ% /krq % izR;;%
(x) ;Fkk& vkuh; vk $ uh $ Y;i~
vkxR; -------------- $ -------------- $ --------------
fu/k; -------------- $ -------------- $ --------------
vknk; -------------- $ -------------- $ --------------
laLi`'; -------------- $ -------------- $ --------------
4- etw"kkr% lekukFkZdinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
fudVs v/quk dFk;fr nnkfl gLrsu laLFkkI; iq"ie~ ruq%
djs.k --------------
oqQlqee~ --------------
;PNfl --------------
LFkkif;Rok --------------
onfr --------------
lkEizre~ --------------
'kjhje~ --------------
ik'osZ --------------
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rrh;ks Hkkx%
5- funsZ'kkuqlkjamilx f;kinap iFko~Q oqQ#r&
;Fkk&izkpyr~ iz $ vpyr~
fujfn'kr~ -------------- $ --------------
vkxPNr~ -------------- $ --------------
vokrkj;r~ -------------- $ --------------
ijkHkor~ -------------- $ --------------
izk{kky;r~ -------------- $ --------------
6- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu ?kVukekuqlkjafy[kr&
(d) l% g.Mheokrkj;r~A
([k) l% pqYyheToky;r~A
(x) l% g.MhaLukuxgs vLFkki;r~A
(?k) l% ?kVs tyeHkjr~A
() izsey% x`gekxPNr~A(p) l% tyeq".kedjksr~A
(N) l% Hkkstuedjksr~A
(t) l% Lukuedjksr~A
7- v/ksfyf[krkukarn~Hkoinkuka rRleinkfu fpuqr&
dkB & --------------
gkMh & --------------
pwYgk & --------------
owQvk & --------------
iwQduk & --------------
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4243tyokfguh
lIre% ikB%
tyokfguhizLrqr xhr Hkkstiqjh yksdxhr dk vuqokn gSA vuqoknd yC/&izfr"B ,oavUrkjkf"V;[;kfr&izkIr izks- jkedj.k 'kekZgSaA blesaxko dh ikuh Hkjus okyh L=kh dkfp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA og oqQ,ls ?kM+s esaty Hkjdj ykrh gSA ty ykrs le; mlosQeu esavkus okys vusdHkkoksadk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
Hkfj";kE;kgfj";kfe plfyyoqQEHkafd;Rdkye~A Hkfj";k--------
'kuS;Zfn ;kfe fpjjk=kk;foyfi";fr xgs cky%A
nzqra;fn ;kfe oluaesHkosnknzlfyyosxS%AA Hkfj";k---------
beku~uwiqjjoku~#u>qu&e;ku~vkd.;Zukxfjdk%A
lq[ka'k;kef/'k;kuk
bfVfr rs tkxfj";fUrAA Hkfj";k---------
ruq% owQiks egkyEc&Lrys rL;kfLr ikuh;e~A
"kUR;k es ?kVajTTokdjsI;kLrs egkLiQksV%AA Hkfj";k---------
fo'ks";&fo'ks"k.kiz;ksx%
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44#fpjk
rrh;ks Hkkx%
tyokfguh & ifugkju Hkfj";kE;kgfj";kfe & Hk: xh] ykxh(Hkfj";kfe$vkgfj";kfe)
lfyyoqQEHke~ & ikuh osQ ?kM+s dks'kuS;Zfn('kuS%$;fn) & ;fn /hjs ls;kfe & tkrh gw fpjjk=kk; & cgqr le; rd foyfi";fr & jks,xk@foyki djsxknzqre~ & tYnh] 'kh?kzHkosnknzZe~ & xhyk gks tk,xk (Hkosr~$vknzZe~)
uwiqjjoku~ & ik;y dh ofu vkd.;Z & lqu dj bfVfr & 'kh?kzegkyEcLrys & ry esa dkiQh xgjk(egkyEc%$rys)rL;kfLr & mldk gS(rL;$vfLr)"kUR;k & [khapus lsjTTok & jLlh lsdjsI;kLrs & gkFk esa gksrk gS(djs$vfi$vkLrs)egkLiQksV% & iQiQksyk ruq% & NksVk
'kCnkFkkZ%'kCnkFkkZ%
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vH;kl%
1- izLrqraxhralLojaxk;rA
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) owQi% dhn`'k% vfLr\
([k) egkLiQksV% oqQ=k vkLrs\(x) cky% oqQ=k foyfi";fr\
(?k) tyokfguh ;fn nzqraxPNsr~rfgZ d L;kr~\
3- v/ksfyf[krs"kqins"kq;Fkkisf{kralU/@foPNsnaoqQ#r&
(d) rL; $ vfLr -------------------
([k) -------------- $ -------------- vI;kLrs
(x) egkyEc% $ rys -------------------
(?k) -------------- $ -------------- Hkfj";kE;kgfj";kfe() lq$ mfDr% -------------------
4- fo'ks"k.kS% lg fo'ks";kf.k ;kst;r&
fo'ks"k.k&inkfu fo'ks";&inkfu
fd;r~ owQi%
xHkhj% olue~
LFkwy% uwiqjjoku~
vknzZe~ dkye~
beku~ foMky%
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rrh;ks Hkkx%
5- lekukFkZdkfu inkfu esy;r&
lfyye~ oqQEHk%
x`ge~ f'k'kqe~
nzqre~ tye~
?kV% 'kh?kze~
ckye~ Hkoue~
6- v/ksfyf[krkukainkuka fyafoHkfDraopuap fy[kr&
inkfu fye~ foHkfDr% opue~
;Fkk& jkf=ke~ L=khfye~ f}rh;k ,dopue~
x`gs ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
lokZu~ ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
jTTok ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
osxS% ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
dksykgyk% ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
rys ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
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7- fp=kan`"V~ok etw"kkr% inkfu p fpRok okD;kfu jp;r&
fpfdRlky;% fpfdRld% #X.kku~ fpfdRlkFkZe~ uxjs ifjpjfr
tuk% vkxPNfUr ifjpkfjdk nnkfr djksfr vkS"k/e~
(d) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
() ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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48#fpjk
rrh;ks Hkkx%
8- vUo;aoqQ#r&
(d) nzqra;fn ;kfe oluaes
HkosnknzlfyyosxS%A
([k) "kUR;k es ?kVa jTTok
djsI;kLrs egkLiQksV%A
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
v/ksfyf[kr ewy Hkkstiqjh yksd&xhr dk vuqokn osQ lkFk vH;kl dhft;s&
dr fnu jke Hkjc ge xxjhA dr fnu-/hjs pywr ckyd ?kj jksos>Vdh pywr Hkhats eksjk pqujhA dr fnu-#u>qu #u>qu ik;y cktsik;y osQ lcn lqfu tkxs lkjh uxjhAA dr fnu-
ikrj oqQb;kirkys esaikuh[khafp [khafp xxjh gFksyh iM+s iQiQjhAA dr fnu-
fuEufyf[kr xhr dk vH;kl dj ifBr xhr ls blosQ HkkolkE; dks lef>;s&
iUFkk% fifPNy%
?kVhHkkjs.k iUFkk% fifPNyLRoj;k u pyuh;%Av;ay?kqy?kqinSesZ;ksuqus;s! uSo oyuh;%AA
b;aifyk ohFkh Hk;jh ro ukfLr ;krO;k]l`tUrh njelkS efUnjlfreZf; lkfi gkrO;k]vekxZ'pkcySyksZdks onfr df'pUu J;.kh;%A?kVhHkkjs.k iUFkk% fifPNyLRoj;k u pyuh;%A
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4849tyokfguh
ins LFkx;fr fojefojesfr dFk;fr n`';efHkrks ;r~]izrh;r vkfy! d uqonkfu n;appqjafopyr~]fu/s;fenao'ksoljks u gs;ks;au oj.kh;%A?kVhHkkjs.k iUFkk% fifPNyLRoj;k u pyuh;%A
eufl u`R;Lojks en;fr Nfefr Nwe~Nwe~Nuu&Nwfefr]r`"kk ;k;kprs eq[kjk iz'kferk ukfLe ukHkwfefr]
foe`'k d deo/h;ZeFkks uqd% d'pkuqlj.kh;%A?kVhHkkjs.k iUFkk% fifPNyLRoj;k u pyuh;%A
egkjktnhuik.Ms;%
fifPNy% & fiQlyus okyk ppq je~ & vR;Ur prqj (vFkok fo'ks"kK)
oyuh;% & bBykdj pyus yk;d ;k;kprs & ckj&ckj ek x jgh gS
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50#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
v"Ve% ikB%
lalkjlkxjL; uk;dk%izLrqr ikB vuqie feJ dh frvkt Hkh [kjs gSa rkykcosQlalkj lkxj osQuk;duked v;k; ls fy;k x;k gSA blesa foyqIr gksrs tk jgs ikjEifjd Kku]dkS'ky ,oa f'kYi osQ /uh xt/j osQ lEcU/ esa ppkZ dh x;h gSA ikuh osQ fy,ekuo fufeZr rkykc] ckoM+h tSls fuekZ.kksa dks ys[kd us ;gk lalkj lkxj osQ :iesa fpf=kr fd;k gSA
osQ vklu~rs vKkrukeku%\
'kr'k% lg'k% rMkxk% lglSo 'kwU;kr~u izdVhHkwrk%A bes ,o rMkxk% v=klalkjlkxjk% bfrA ,rs"kke~vk;kstuL; usiF;s
fuekZif;r.kke~ ,dde~] fuekZr.kk a p
n'kde~vklhr~A ,rr~,doaQ n'koaQ p
vkgR; 'kroaQ lga ok jp;r% LeA
ijafoxrs"kqf}'kro"ksZ"kquwruiR;k lektsu
;fRdfpr~ifBre~A ifBrsu rsu lektsu
,doaQ n'koaQ lgoQp bR;srkfu 'kwU;s,o ifjofrZrkfuA vL; uwrulektL;
eufl b;efi ftKklk uSo mn~Hkwrk ;n~
vLekRiwoZe~,rkor% rMkxku~osQ jp;fUr
LeA ,rkn`'kkfu dk;kZf.k drqKkuL; ;ks
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51lalkjlkxjL;
uk;dk%
uwru% izfofk% fodflr%] rsu izfof/ukfi iwolEikfnre~ ,rRdk; ekif;raq uosQukfi iz;frre~A
v| ;s vKkrukeku% orZUrs] iqjk rs cgqizfFkrk% vklu~A v'ks"ks fg ns'ks rMkxk%fuehZ;Urs Le] fuekZrkjksfi v'ks"ks ns'ks fuolfUr LeA
xt/j% bfr lqUnj% 'kCn% rMkxfuekZr.kkalknjaLej.kkFkZe~A jktLFkkuL; osQ"kqfpn~
Hkkxs"kq'kCnks;e~v|kfi izpyfrA d% xt/j%\ ;% xtifjek.kakkj;fr l xtkj%Axtifjek.ke~,o ekiudk;sZmi;qT;rsA lektsf=kgLr& ifjek.kkfRedhaykSg;f"VagLrs x`ghRokpyUr% xt/jk% bnkuha f'kfYi:is.k uSoleknrk% lfUrA xt/j%] ;% lektL; xkEHkh;eki;sr~bR;fLeu~:is ifjfpr%A
xt/jk% okLr qdkjk% vklu~A dkea
xzkeh.klektks Hkorq ukxjlektks ok rL;uo&fuekZ.kL; lqj{kkizcU/uL; p nkf;Roaxt/jk% fuHkky;fUr LeA uxjfu;kstukr~y?kqfuekZ.ki;ZUra lokZf.k dk;kZf.k ,rs"osovkkrkfu vklu~A rs ;kstukaizLrqUofUr Le]HkkfoO;;e~vkdy;fUr Le] midj.kHkkjku~
lax`fUr LeA izfrnkus rs u rn~ ;kpUrs Le ;n~ nkrqa rs"kka Lokfeu% vlEkFkkZ%
Hkos;q%A dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; xtkjsH;% lEekuefi iznh;rs LeA
ue% ,rkn`'ksH;% f'kfYiH;%A
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52#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
'kCnkFkkZ%
lglSo(lglk$,o) & vdLekr~ ] vpkud
izdVhHkwrk% & izdV gq,] fn[kkbZfn,
usiF;s & insZ osQ ihNsrMkxk% & rkykc
fuekZif;r.kke~ & cuokus okyksadh
fuekZr.kke~ & cukus okyksa dh
,dde~ & bdkbZ
n'kde~ & ngkbZ
'krde~ & lSdM+k lgde~ & gtkj
ftKklk & tkuus dh bPNk
mn~Hkwrk & mRiUu gqbZ ] tkxr gqbZ
vLekRiwoZe~ & blls igys
ekif;rqe~ & ekius@ukius osQ fy;s
iz;frre~ & iz;Ru fd;kcgqizfFkrk% & cgqr izfl
v'ks"ks & lEiw.kZ
fuehZ;Urs Le & cuk, tkrs Fks
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53lalkjlkxjL;
uk;dk%
fuekZrkj% & cukus okys
xt/j% & xt (yackbZ ] pkSM+kbZ] xgjkbZ] eksVkbZekius dh yksgs dh NM+) dks /kj.kdjus okyk O;fDr
rMkxfuekZr.kke~ & rkykc cukus okyksa osQ
f=kgLrifjek.kkfRedhe~ & rhu gkFk osQ uki dh ykSg;f"Ve~ & yksgs dh NM+
leknrk% & vknj dks izkIr
xkEHkh;Ze~ & xgjkbZ
okLrqdkjk% & Hkou vkfn dk fuekZ .k djus okys
dkee~ & pkgs] Hkys gh
fuHkky;fUr Le & fuHkkrs Fks
vk/rkfu & vk/kfjr
vkdy;fUr Le & vuq eku djrs Fks
midj.klEHkkjku~ & lk/u lkexzh dks
laxg~.kfUr Le & laxzg djrs Fks
izfrnkus & cnys esa;kpUrs Le & ek xrs Fks
vfrfjP; & vfrfjDr
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54#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
1- ,dinsu mkjr&
(d) dL; jkT;L; Hkkxs"kqxt/j% 'kCn% iz;qT;rs\
([k) xtifjek.kad% /kj;fr\
(x) dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; xt/jsH;% d iznh;rs Le\
(?k) osQ f'kfYi:is.k u lekn`rk% HkofUr\
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) rMkxk% oqQ=k fuehZ;Urs Le\
([k) xt/jk% dfLeu~:is ifjfprk%\
(x) xt/jk% d oqQoZfUr Le\
(?k) osQ lEekuuh;k%\
3- js[kkfrkfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'u&fuekZ.kaoqQ#r&(d) lqj{kkizcU/uL; nkf;Roaxt/jk% fuHkky;fUr LeA
([k) rs"kkaLokfeu% vleFkkZ% lfUrA
(x) dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; lEekuefi izkIuqofUrA
(?k) xt/j% lqUnj% 'kCn% vfLrA
() rMkxk% lalkjlkxjk% dF;UrsA
4- v/ksfyf[krs"kq;Fkkisf{kralU/@foPNsnaoqQ#r&
(d) v| $ vfi ---------------([k) ---------- $ ---------- Lej.kkFkZ e~
(Xk) bfr $ vfLeu~ ---------------
(?k) ---------- $ ---------- ,rs"oso
() lglk $ ,o ---------------
vH;kl%
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55lalkjlkxjL;
uk;dk%
5- etw"kkr% leqfprkfu inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
jp;fUr x`ghRok lglk ftKklk lg
(d) Nk=kk% iqLrdkfu-------------------- fo|ky;axPNfUrA
([k) ekykdkjk% iq"iS% ekyk% --------------------------------A
(x) ee eufl ,dk
-------------------------------
orZrsA(?k) jes'k% fe=kS% ----------------- fo|ky;axPNfrA
() ---------------------- ckfydk r=k vglrA
6- infuekZ.kaoqqQ#r&
/krq% izR;;% ine~
;Fkk& $ rqequ~ drZqe~
$ rqequ~ -------------r` $ rqequ~ -------------
;Fkk& ue~ $ DRok uRok
xe~ $ DRok -------------
R;t~ $ DRok -------------
Hkqt~ $ DRok -------------
milxZ% /krq % izR;;% ine~
;Fkk& mi xe~ Y;i~ mixE;
le~ iwt~ Y;i~ -----------------
vk uh Y;i~ -----------------
iz nk Y;i~ -----------------
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56#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
7- dks"BosQ"kqnks"kq'kCns"kqleqfprka foHkfDra ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk&fo|ky;a ifjr% o{kk% lfUrA (fo|ky;)
(d) -------------------- mHk;r% xzkek% lfUrA (xzke)
([k) -------------------- loZr% v^kfydk% lfUrA (uxj)
(x) f/o~Q--------------------A (dkiq#"k)
;Fkk&e`xk% e`xS% lg /kofUrA (ex)
(d) ckydk% -------------------- lg iBfUrA (ckfydk)
([k) iq=k-------------------- lg vki.kaxPNfrA (fir)
(x) f'k'kq% -------------------- lg hMfrA (ekr)
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
vuqie feJ&ty laj{k.k osQ ikjaifjd Kku dks lekt osQ lkeus ykus dk Js; ftuyksxksa dks gS Jh vuqie feJ (tUe 1948) muesa vxzx.; gSaA ^vkt Hkh [kjs gSarkykc* vkSj ^jktLFkku dh jtr cwnas* ikuh ij mudh cgqiz'kaflr iqLroasQ gSaA
Hkk"kk&foLRkkj%
dkjd
lkekU; :i ls nks izdkj dh foHkfDr;kgksrh gSaA1- dkjd foHkfDr 2- miin foHkfDrA
dkjd fpg~uksaosQ vk/kj ij tgkinksadk iz;ksx gksrk gS mls dkjd foHkfDr dgrsgSaA fdUrqfdUghafo'ks"k inksaosQ dkj.k tgkdkjd fpksadh mis{kk dj fdlh fo'ks"k
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57lalkjlkxjL;
uk;dk%
foHkfDr dk iz;ksx gksrk gS mls miin foHkfDr dgrs gSa] tSls&
loZr% vfHkr%] ifjr%] f/o~Q vkfn inksaosQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gSA
mnk & (d) fo|ky;a ifjr% iq"ikf.k lfUrA
([k) f/o~Q ns'knzksfg.ke~A
lg] lkde~] lkZe~] leaosQ ;ksx esar`rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gSA
mnk & (d) tuosQu lg iq=k% xr%A
([k) nqtZusu leal[;e~Aue%] LofLr] Lokgk] Lo/k osQ ;ksx esaprqFkhZ foHkfDr iz;qDr gksrh gS&
mnk & (d) ns'kHkDrk; ue%A
([k) ue% ,rkn'ksH;% f'kfYiH;%A
(x) tusH;% LofLrA
vye~'kCn osQ nks vFkZgSa&i;kZIr ,oaer (okj.k osQ vFkZesa)A i;kZIr osQ vFkZesaprqFkhZ foHkfDr gksrh gS tSls&ns'knzksfg.ks vyans'kj{kdk%A
euk djus osQ vFkZesar`rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gS] tSls&vya fooknsuA
fouk osQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k] rrh;k ,oa ipeh foHkfDr;k gksrh gSa] tSls&[email protected]@ifjJekr~fouk u xfr%A
fuEufyf[kr f;kvksaosQ ,dopu cukus dk iz;kl djsa&
vkdy;fUr] laxfUr] izLrqUofUrA
ftKklk&tkuus dh bPNkA blh izdkj osQ vU; 'kCn gSa&fiiklk] ftfXe"kk] foo{kk] cqHkw{kkA
Hkko&foLrkj%
vxj ge ;ku ls ns[ksarks gekjs pkjksarjiQ Kku ,oadkS'ky osQ fofo/ :i fn[kkbZnsrs gSaA blesaoqQN Kku vkSj dkS'ky iQyrs&iwQyrs gSavkSj dbZfujarj {kh.k gksrs gSaA
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58#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
blosQ dbZmnkgj.k gekjs lkeus gSaA ikuh dk O;oLFkkiu laj{k.k vkSj [ksrh&ckM+h dkikjaifjd rkSj&rjhdk] f'kYi rFkk dkjhxjh dk Kku nqyZHk vkSj foyqIr gksus osQ dxkjij gSA oghavfHk;kfU=kdh ,oalapkj ls lacaf/r Kku u, mHkkj ij gSaA njvly fdlrjg dk Kku vkSj dkS'ky vkxs fodflr vkSj izxqf.kr gksxk vkSj fdl rjg dk Kku,oadkS'ky fiNM+sxk] foyqIr gksus osQ fy, foo'k gksxk ;g bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrkgS fd ns'k vkSj lekt fdl rjg osQ Kku ,oadkS'ky osQ fodkl esaviuk Hkfo";lqjf{kr ,oalq[ke; ekurk gSA
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
vkus okyh Nqf^;ksaesavius vkl&ikl osQ {ks=k osQ mu ikjaifjd Kku ,oadkS'kyksadkirk yxk,ftudk LFkku lekt esavc fujarj ?kV jgk gSA mUgsadksbZmfpr izksRlkguughafey jgk gS ;k os foyqIr gksus osQ dxkj ij gSaA mudh ,d lwph Hkh rS;kj djsavkSj muosQ fy, iz;qDr gksus okys laLr 'kCn fy[ksaA vius vkSj vius fe=kksa }kjkrS;kj dh xbZvyx&vyx lwfp;ksa dks lkeus j[krs gq, bu ikjaifjd dkS'kyksa osQfoyqIr gksus osQ dkj.kksadk irk yxk,A
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59lIrHkfxU;%
uoe% ikB%
lIrHkfxU;%^lIrHkfxuh* ;g ,d miuke gSA mkj&iwoZosQ lkr jkT; fo'ks"k dks mDr mikf/ nhx;h gSA bu jkT;ksadk izkfrd lkSUn;ZvR;Ur foy{k.k gSA bUghaosQ lkaLfrd vkSjlkekftd oSf'k"V~; dks ;ku esaj[kdj izLrqr ikB dk l`tu fd;k x;k gSA
v;kfidk & lqizHkkre~A
Nk=kk% & lqizHkkre~A lqizHkkre~A
v;kfidk & HkorqA v| d iBuh;e~\
Nk=kk% & o;alosZLons'kL; jkT;kukafo"k;s KkrqfePNke%Av;kfidk & 'kksHkue~A onrA vLekoaQ ns'ks dfr jkT;kfu lfUr\
lk;jk & prqfo'kfr% egksn;s!
flYoh & u fg u fg egkHkkxs! ipo'kfr% jkT;kfu lfUrA
v;kfidk & vU;% dksfi----\
Lojk & (e;s ,o) egksn;s! es Hkfxuh dFk;fr ;nLekoaQ ns'ksv"Vko'kfr% jkT;kfu lfUrA ,rnfrfjP; lIr osQUnz'kkflrizns'kk%vfi lfURkA
v;kfidk & lE;Xtkukfr rs HkfxuhA Hkorq] vfi tkuhFk ;w;a;nsrs"kqjkT;s"kqlIrjkT;kuke~,d% leok;ksfLr ;% lIrHkfxU;% bfr ukEukizfFkrksfLrA
izR;;%
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60#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
losZ & (lk'p;Ze~ijLijai';Ur%)lIrHkfxU;%\ lIrHkfxU;%\
fudksyl% & bekfu jkT;kfu lIrHkfxU;% bfr fdeFkdF;Urs\
v;kfidk & iz;ksxks;aizrhdkRedks orZrsA dnkfpr~lkekftd&lkaLfrd&ifjn`';kukalkE;kn~bekfu mDrksikf/uk izfFkrkfuA
leh{kk & dkSrwgyaes u [kyq'kkfUraxPNfr] Jko;rqrkon~;r~dkfu
rkfu jkT;kfu\v;kfidk & k`.kqr!
v};ae=k;apSo u&f=k&;qDrarFkk };e~AlIrjkT;lewgks;a HkfxuhlIroaQ eue~AA
bRFkaHkfxuh lIrosQ bekfu jkT;kfu lfUr&v#.kkpyizns'k%] vle%]ef.kiqje~] fetksje%] es?kky;%] uxkyS.M%] f=kiqjk psfrA ;|fi{ks=kifjek.kS% bekfu y?kwfu orZUrs rFkkfi xq.kxkSjon"V~;k c`gkjkf.k
izrh;UrsAlosZ & dFke~\ dFke~\
v;kfidk & bek% lIrHkfxU;% Loh;s izkphusfrgkls izk;% Lok/huk% ,on`"Vk%A u osQukfi 'kklosQu bek% Lok;khrk%A vusd&laLfr&fof'k"Vk;ka HkkjrHkwekS ,rklka Hkfxuhuka laLfr%egokkkf;uh bfrA
rUoh & v;a'kCn% loZizFkeadnk iz;qDr%\
v;kfidk & Jqre/qj'kCnks;a loZizFkea foxr'krkCnL; f}lIrfrres o"ksZf=kiqjkjkT;L;ksn~?kkVues osQukfi izofrZr%A vfLeUuso dkys ,rs"kkajkT;kukaiqu% l~?kVuafofgre~A
Lojk & vU;r~fdefi oSf'k"V~;efLr ,rs"kke~\
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v;kfidk & uwue~vfLr ,oA ioZr&o{k&iq"i&izHk`frfHk% izkfrdlEif%lqlekfu lfUr bekfu jkT;kfuA Hkkjro{ks p iq"i& Lrcdln'kkfufojktUrs ,rkfuA
jktho% & Hkofr! xgs ;Fkk lokZf/dk jE;k euksjek p Hkfxuh Hkofr rFkSoHkkjrxgsfi lokZf/dk% jE;k% bek% lIrHkfxU;% lfUrA
v;kfidk & euL;kxrk rs b;a Hkkouk ijedY;k.ke;h ija losZ u rFkk
voxPNfUrA vLrq] vfLr rkonsrs"kkafo"k;s fdfpn~oSf'k"V~;efidFkuh;e~A lkofgreulk k`.kqr&
tutkfrcgqyizns'kks;e~A xkjks&[kklh&uxk&fetks&izHk`r;% cgo%tutkrh;k% v=k fuolfUrA 'kjhjs.k tZfLou% ,rRizknsf'kdk%cgqHkk"kkfHk% lefUork%] ioZijEijkfHk% ifjiwfjrk%] Loyhyk&dykfHk'p fu".kkrk% lfUrA
ekyrh & egksn;s! r=k rqoa'ko{kk vfi izkI;Urs\
v;kfidk & vke~A izns'ksfLeu~gLrf'kYikukackgqY;aorZrsA vk oL=kkHkw"k.ksH;%x`gfuekZ.ki;ZUraizk;% oa'ko{kfufeZrkukaoLrwuke~mi;ksx% f;rsA;rks fg v=k oa'ko{kk.kka izkpq; fo|rsA lkEizra oa'kks|ksxks;avUrkjkf"V;[;kfre~vokIrksfLrA
vfHkuo% & Hkfxuhizns'kks;ackd"kZd% Kk;rsA
lyhe% & d Hkze.kk; Hkfxuhizns'kks;alehphu%\
losZ Nk=kk% & (mPpS%)egksn;s! vkxkfefu vodk'ks o;ar=kSo xUrqfePNke%A
Lojk & HkoR;fi vLekfHk% lkpyrqAv;kfidk & jksprs es;afopkj%A ,rkfu jkT;kfu rqHkze.kkFkLoxZln`'kkfu
bfrA
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ck
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63lIrHkfxU;%
vijr% & nwljh vksj
{ks=kifjek.kS% & {ks=kiQy ls
y?kwfu & NksVs
xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k & xq.k ,oa xkSjo dh nf"V ls
cgkjkf.k & cM+s
Lok/huk% (Lo$v/huk%) & LorU=k
Lok;khrk% & vius v/hu fd;s x;segok/kf;uh & ego dks j[kus okyh] egoiw.kZ
(ego$vk/kf;uh)
Jqre/qj'kCn% & lquus esae/qj 'kCn
izHkfrfHk% & vkfn ls
fofgre~ & fof/iw oZd fd;k x;k
izkfrdlEif% & izkfrd lEinkvksals
lqlekfu & cgq r le`Hkkjro{ks & Hkkjr :ih o`{k esa @ij
iq"iLrcdln'kkfu & iq"i osQ xq PNs osQ leku
|k & fiz; (n; dks fiz; yxus okyh)euksje
jE;k & je.kh;
lkofgreulk & lko/ku eu ls
tZfLou% & tkZ ;qDrioZijEijkfHk% & ioks dh ijEijk ls
ifjiwfjrk% & iw.kZ] Hkjs&iwjs
lefHkuUnuh;e~ & Lokxr ;ksX;
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64#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
lehphu% & cgqr vPNk
LoyhykdykfHk% & viuh f;k ,oa dykvksa ls
fu".kkrk% & ikjr] fuiq.k
oa'ko{kfufeZrkuke~ & ckl osQ o{kksals fufeZr
vokIr% & izkIr
ckd"kZd% (cgq$vkd"kZd%) & vR;Ur vkd"kZd@vR;f/d vkd"kZd
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
lqizHkkre~ egok/kf;uh ioZ ijEijkfHk%
prqfo'kfr% f}lIrfrres oa'ko{kfufeZrkuke~
lIrHkfxU;% izkfrdLkEif% oa'kks|ksxks;e~
xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k iq"iLrcdln`'kkfu vUrkjkf"V;[;kfre~2- iz'ukuke~mkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&
(d) vLekoaQ ns'ks dfr jkT;kfu lfUr\
([k) izkphusfrgkls dk% Lok/huk% vklu~\
(x) osQ"kkaleok;% ^lIrHkfxU;%* bfr dF;rs\
(?k) vLekoaQ ns'ks dfr osQUnz'kkflrizns'kk% lfUr\
() lIrHkfxuh&izns'ks d% m|ksx% loZizeq[k%\
3- v/ksfyf[krins"kq izfr&izR;;foHkkxaoqQ#r&
inkfu izfr% izR;;%
;Fkk&xUrqe~ xe~ $ rqequ~
Kkrqe~ ------------- $ -------------
vH;kl%
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65lIrHkfxU;%
xzghrqe~ ------------- $ -------------
ikrqe~ ------------- $ --------------
Jksrqe~ ------------- $ -------------
Hkzferqe~ ------------- $ -------------
4- ikBkr~fpRok rn~Hkoinkukars laLrinkfu fy[kr&
rn~Hko&inkfu laLr&inkfu;Fkk&lkr lIr
cfgu --------------
laxBu --------------
ckl --------------
vkt --------------
[ksr --------------
5- fHkUuizfroaQ inafpuqr&(d) xPNfr] iBfr] /kofr] vglr~] hMfrA
([k) Nk=k%] lsod%] f'k{kd%] ysf[kdk] hMd%A
(x) i=ke~] fe=ke~] iq"ie~] vkez%] u{k=ke~A
(?k) O;k?kz%] HkYywd%] xt%] diksr%] o`"kHk%] lg%A
() ifFkoh] olqU/jk] /fj=kh] ;kue~] olq/kA
6- etw"kkr% f;kinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
lfUr vfLr izrh;Urs orZrs bPNkfe fuolfUr orZUrs
(d) v;aiz;ksx% izrhdkRed% --------------A
([k) lIr osQUnz'kkflrizns'kk% --------------A
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(x) v=k cgo% tutkrh;k% --------------A
(?k) vgafdefi Jksrqe~--------------A
() r=k gLrf'kfYiukackgqY;a --------------A
(p) lIrHkfxuhizns'kk% jE;k% |k p--------------A
(N) xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k bekfu o`gkjkf.k --------------A
7- fo'ks";&fo'ks"k.kkuke~mfpra esyue~oqQ#r&fo'ks";&inkfu fo'ks"k.k&inkfu
v;e~ la Lfr%
laLfrfof'k"Vk;ke~ bfrgkls
egok/kf;uh izns'k%
izkphus leok;%
,d% HkkjrHkwekS
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
* v};ae=k;apSo u&f=k&;qDrarFkk };e~AlIrjkT;lewgks;a HkfxuhlIroaQ ere~AA
;g jkT;ksaosQ ukeksadks ;kn j[kus dk ,d ljy rjhdk gSA bldk vFkZgS v lsvkjEHk gksus okys nks] e ls vkjEHk gksus okys rhu] u ls uxkyS.M vkSj f=k lsf=kiqjk dk cks/ gksrk gSA blh izdkj vBkjg iqjk.kksaosQ uke ;kn j[kus osQ fy;s;g 'yksd izfl gS&
e};a Hk};a pSo cz=k;a oprq"V;e~Av&uk&i&yx&owQLdkfu iqjk.kkfu izp{krsAA
* ^lIrHkfxuh* bl miuke dk loZizFke iz;ksx 1972 esaJh T;ksfr izlkn lSfd;kus vkdk'kok.kh osQ lkFk HksaVokrkZosQ e esa fd;k FkkA
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67lIrHkfxU;%
* buosQ vUrxZr vkus okys jkT;ksadk mYys[k izkphu xzUFkksa esa Hkh izkIr gksrk gS;Fkk&egkHkkjr] jkek;.k] iqjk.k vkfnA
* bu jkT;ksadh jkt/kuh e'k% bl izdkj gS&
v#.kkpy izns'k & bVkuxj
vle & fnliq j
ef.kiqj & bEiQky
fetksje & ,stksy
es?kky; & f'kyk
uxkyS.M & dksfgek
f=kiqjk & vxjrYyk
* fcgw] ef.kiqjh] ukue vkfn bl izns'k osQ izeq[k u`R; gSaA
* uxk] fetks] [kklh] vleh] ckaXyk] ine] cksMks] xkjks] t;fUr;k vkfn ;gkdhizeq[k Hkk"kk,gSaA
lIrla[;k ij oqQN vU; izpfyr uke gSa&
lIrflU/q &^lIrHkfxuh* osQ leku lIrflU/qHkh gSaA ;s lIrflU/q gSa&flU/q] 'kqrqnzh(lryt)] bjkorh (bjkonh)] forLrk (>sye)] foik'kk (O;kl)] vflDuh (fpukc)vkSj ljLorhA
lIrioZr& egsUnz] ey;] fgeoku~] vcqZn] foU;] lg~;kfnz] Jh'kSyA
lIrf"kZ & ejhfp] iqyLR;] vafxjk] rq] vf=k] iqyg] ofl"BA
".kukFk dh iqLrd v#.kkpy ;k=kk (okXnsoh izdk'ku] chdkusj 2002) iBuh; gSA
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
ikB esa fLFkr v};a----- okyh igsyh ls lkrksajkT;ksaosQ uke dks le>ksA
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68#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
n'ke% ikB%
v'kksdofudkizLrqr ikB vkfndfo okYehfdr jkek;.k osQ lqUnjdk.M osQ iUnzgosalxZls lax`ghrgSA lhrk dh [kkst esaguqeku yk esaizfo"V gksrs gSarFkk oghajko.k osQ izfl m|kuv'kksd&ofudk dh 'kksHkk dk vkg~yknd n'kZu djrs gSaA ;g v'kksdofudk fnO;@vf}rh;lkSjHk] Lokn] lkSUn;Z,oafofo/ o.kksls ;qDr oqQlqeksa] yrkvksao{kksavkfn ls lqHkksfHkrgSA blh dk o.kZu izLrqr ikB esagSA
loZrqZoqQlqeS jE;S% iQyon~fHk'p ikniS%A
iqf"irkuke'kksdkukafJ;k lw;ksZn;izHkke~AA1AAdf.kZdkjS% oqQlqferS% d'kqoSQ'p lqiqf"irS%Al ns'k% izHk;k rs"kkaiznhIr bo loZr% AA2AA
iqaukxk% lIri.kkZ'p pEidksn~nkydkLrFkkAfoo`ewyk cgo% 'kksHkUrs Le lqiqf"irk% AA3AA
uUnua focq/ks|kua fp=ka pS=kjFka ;FkkAvfrokfeokfpUR;afnO;ajE;fJ;kore~AA4AA
loZrZqiq"iSfuZfpra ikniSeZ/qxfU/fHk%AukukfuuknS#|kuajE;ae`xx.kf}tS% AA5AA
vusdxU/izoga iq.;xU/a euksgje~A'kSysUnzfeo xU/k
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69v'kksdofudk
loZrqZoqQlqeS% (loZ$rqoqQlqeS%) & lHkh rqvksa osQ iwQyksals
ikniS% & o{kksals
lw;ksZn;izHkke~(lw;Z$mn;izHkke~) & lw ;ksZn; dh NVkfJ;k & 'kksHkk ls
df.kZdkjS% & dusj osQ iwQyksa ls
d'kqoSQ% & Vslw@iyk'k osQ iwQyksa@isM+ksa ls
izHk;k & NVk ls
iqaukxk & lisQn dey@ukxosQlj ukedk o{kA
lIri.kkZ'p% (lIri.kkZ%$p) & vkSj lIri.kZ * uke dk ,do{k fNrou
pEidksn~nkydk% & pEik ,oa mkyd uked(pEid$mkydk%) ikSkk@iQwy
focq/ks|kue~ (focq/$m|kue~) & nsorkvksa dk m|ku
pS=kjFke~ & oqQcsj osQ m|ku dk uke
uUnue~ & LoxZ dk m|kuukukfuuknS% & vusd izdkj dh ofu;ksa ls
exx.kf}tS% & i'kqvksa ,oafpfM+;ksals
'kCnkFkkZ%'kCnkFkk Z%
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70#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
iq.;xU/e~ & ifo=k@'kq xU/ okyk
'kSysUnze~('kSy$bUnze~) & igkM+ksa dk jktk (fgeky;)
xU/eknue~ & ^xU/eknu* uke dk ,d igkM+
v'kksdofudk;ke~ & v'kksd ofudk esa
okujiqaxo% & cUnjksa esaJs"B (guqeku)
ftZre~ & pdkpkSa/ ls ;qDr
1- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu mPpkj;r&
loZrqZoqQlqeS% loZ rqZiq"iS% df.kZ dkjS%
e`xx.kf}tS% iQyof'p ikniSeZ/qxfU/fHk%
lIri.kkZ'p pEidkskydk% focq/ks|kue~
nn'kkZfonwjLFke~ izklknewftZre~ d'kqoSQ'p
2- ikBkUrxZrku~lokZu~ 'yksdku~lLoja xk;rA
3- 'yksosQ"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) v'kksd----------------------- rqrL;kaokuj -----------------------A
l nn'kkZfonwjLFka-----------------------------------
izklknewftZre~AA([k) df.kZdkjS% d'kqoSQ'p----------------------------------------------------- A
l ns'k% ----------------------- rs"kkaiznhIr bo-----------------------A
vH;kl%
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71v'kksdofudk
4- 'yksdka'kku~ ;kst;r&
d [k
uUnuafocq/ks|kua iq.;xU/aeuksgje~A
vusdxU/izoga iznhIr bo loZr%A
l ns'k% izHk;k rs"kka fp=kapS=kjFka;FkkA
iqaukxk% lIri.kkZ'p jE;ae`xx.kf}tS%A
ukukfuuknS#|kua pEidksn~nkydkLrFkkA
5- funsZ'kkuqlkja ^rr~* bfr 'kCn:iS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
fofHkDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
(d);Fkk& iqfYyXss izFkek l% ------------- -------------
"k"Bh rL; ------------- -------------
lIreh ------------- ------------- rs"kq
([k);Fkk& L=khfyXss "k"Bh ------------- r;ks% -------------f}rh;k rke~ ------------- -------------
r`rh;k ------------- rkH;ke~ -------------
(x);Fkk& uiqaldfyXss izFkek rr~ ------------- rkfu
f}rh;k ------------- ------------- -------------
prqFkhZ rLeS ------------- -------------
6- iz'ukuke~mkjkf.k fy[kr&(d) ikBsfLeu~ns'k% bfr 'kCnL; dksFkZ%\
([k) osQ"kkfpr~ip iq"ik.kkaukekfu fy[krA
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72#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
(x) okujiqaxo% oQ nn'kZ\
(?k) v=k okujiqo% d%\
() m|kue~oSQ% fuuknS% jE;e~\
7- pLFkinkfu iz;qT; okD;kfu jp;r&
;Fkk&jke% lhrky{e.kkH;kalg ouaxPNfrA
(d) jke% -----------------------------------------A
([k) ----------------------------------------- A
(x) ----------------------------------------- A
(?k) ----------------------------------------- A
() ----------------------------------------- A
(p) ----------------------------------------- A
(N) ----------------------------------------- A
jke%
Hkjrk;
foHkh"k.k
a
jko.kalqxzhos.k
lhrky{e.kkH;ka
fi=kks%
guqefr
v;ks;k;
k%
flkJeaxPNfr
yadjkt
!bfr
lEcks/;fr
gfUr
lgouaxPNfr
iknqosQiz;PNfr
izlUu
ksfLr
oUnuadjk
sfr
eS=khaLFkki;fr
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73v'kksdofudk
8- etw "kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
,rke~ ,"kk ,rs ,rkfu ,"k% ,rk%
;Fkk&v;;us ,"k% cky% vf}rh;% vfLrA
(d) ------------ ckyk fo|ky;kr~x`gaxPNfrA
([k) m|kus ------------ iq"ikf.k fodflrkfu lfUrA
(x) firk------------
ys[kuhaee~vki.kkr~vku;r~A(?k) vge~------------ iQys rqH;annkkfeA
() ------------ ckfydk% e/qjkf.k xhrkfu xk;fUrA
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
xzUFk ifjp;&^jkek;.k* osQoy ykSfdd laLr dk gh ughavfirq fo'o dk vkfndkO; gSA ^jkek;.ke~ vkfndkO;e~ loZosnkFkZlEere~A* blesa lkr dk.M gSa rFkk ;gpkSchl gtkj 'yksdksals ;qDr gSA ^prqfo'k lglzkf.k 'yksdkukeqDroku`f"k%A*
* jkek;.k dk lcls vPNk dk.M lqUnjdk.M ekuk tkrk gSA dbZ izns'kksaesa bldk.M osQ fu;fer ikB dh ijEijk gSA lqUnjdk.M osQ fo"k; esa ,d yksdizpfyr dFku izkIr gksrk gS] tks bl izdkj gS&
lqUnjs lqUnjks jke% lqUnjs lqUnjh dFkkA
lqUnjs lqUnjh lhrk lqUnjs d u lqUnje~A
* v'kksd&ofudk n'kkuu jko.k dk m|ku Fkk ftlesavigj.k osQ ckn lhrk dksfNik dj j[kk x;k FkkA
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
Hkkjro"kZ osQ oqQN izfl ckxksa vFkok m|kuksa dh lwph cuk,] ;Fkk&'kkyhekj ,oafu'kkrA
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74#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
,dkn'k% ikB%
lkfo=kh ckbZ iqQysf'k{kk gekjk vf/dkj gSA gekjs lekt eas dbZleqnk; blls yEcs le; rd ofprjgs gSaA mUgsabl vf/dkj dks ikus osQ fy, yEck la?k"kZdjuk iM+k gSA yM+fd;ksadksrks vkSj T;knk vojks/ >syuk iM+rk jgk gSA izLrqr ikB bl la?k"kZdk usr`Ro djusokyh lkfo=kh ckbZiqQys osQ ;ksxnku ij osQfUnzr gSA
mifj fufeZra fp=ka i';rA bna fp=kadL;kf'pr~ ikB'kkyk;k% orZrsA b;alkekU;kikB'kkyk ukfLrA b;efLr egkjk"VL; izFkek dU;kikB'kkykA ,dk f'kf{kdk xgkr~iqLrdkfu vknk; pyfrA ekxsZdf'pr~rL;k% mifj /wfyadf'pr~p izLrj[k.Mku~f{kifrA ijalk Lon
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75lkfo=khckbZ iqQys
efgyk\ vfi ;w;feekaefgykatkuhFk\ b;eso egkjk"VL; izFkek efgyk f'kf{kdklkfo=kh ckbZiqQys ukeks;kA
tuojh eklL; r`rh;s fnols 1831 res f[kzLrkCnsegkjk"VL; uk;xkao&ukfEu LFkkus lkfo=kh vtk;rArL;k% ekrk y{ehckbZfirk p [kaMksth bfr vfHkfgrkSAuoo"kZns'kh;k lk T;ksfrck iqQys egksn;su ifj.khrkA
lksfi rnkuha =k;ksn'ko"kZdYi% ,o vklhr~A ;rksfgl% L=khf'k{kk;k% izcy% leFkZd% vklhr~ vr%lkfo=;k% eufl fLFkrk v;;ukfHkyk"kk mRlaizkIrorhAbr% ijalk lkxzge~vk~XyHkk"kk;k vfi v;;uarorhA
1848 res f[k zLrkCns iq.k s uxjs lkfo=khT;ksfrckegksn;su lg dU;kuka o`Qrs izns'kL; izFkea fo|ky;e~vkjHkrA rnkuhalkosQoyalIrn'ko"khZ;k vklhr~A 1851 res f[kzLrkCns vLi';Rokr~frjLrL; leqnk;L;
ckfydkukao`Qrs iFko~Qr;k r;k vij% fo|ky;% izkjC/%AlkekftdoqQjhrhuka lkfo=kh eq[kja fojks/e~ vdjksr~A fo/okuka f'kjkseq.MuL;
fujkdj.kk; lk lk{kkr~ukfirS% fefyrkA iQyr% osQpu ukfirk% vL;ka:
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76#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
'kCnkFkkZ%
vrho lf;k vklhr~A vL; e.MyL; ms';e~vklhr~ mRihfMrkuka leqnk;kukaLokf/dkjku~izfr tkxj.ke~bfrA
lkfo=kh vusdk% laLFkk% iz'kkludkS'kysu lpkfyrorhA nqfHkZ{kdkys Iysx&dkysp lk ihfMrtukuke~vJkUre~vfojrap lsoke~vdjksr~A lgk;rk& lkexzh&O;oLFkk;SloZFkk iz;kle~vdjksr~A egkjksxizlkjdkys lsokjrk lk Lo;e~vlk;jksxs.k xzLrk 1897res f[kzLrkCns fu/uaxrkA
lkfgR;jpu;k vfi lkfo=kh egh;rsA rL;k% dkO;lyu};aorZrs ^dkO;iqQys*^lqckskjRukdj* psfrA Hkkjrns'ks efgyksRFkkuL; xgukocks/k; lkfo=khegksn;k;k%
thoupfjre~vo';e~v;srO;e~A
vknk; & ysdj
izLrj[k.Mku~ & iRFkj osQ VqdM+ksadks
lfouksne~ & glh etkd osQ lkFk
vkyiUrh & ckr djrh gq bZ
vtk;r & iSnk gqbZ
vfHkfgrkS & dgs x;s gSa
ifj.khrk & C;kgh x;h vLi';r;k & NqvkNwr osQ dkj.k
izkjC/% & vkjEHk fd;k
izrkMu'khykuke~ & izrkfM+r djusokyh
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77lkfo=khckbZ iqQys
fujkdj.kk; & nwj djus osQ fy,
:
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78#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
2- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu vk/`R; okD;kfu jp;r&
Lodh;e~ & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
lfouksne~ & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
lf;k & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
izns'kL; & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
eq[kje~ &-----------------------------------------------------------------------
loZFkk & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
3- v/ksfyf[krkukainkuka foykseinkfu fy[kr&
mifj ----------------------
vknkue~ ----------------------
ijdh;e~ ----------------------
fo"kerk ----------------------
O;fDrxre~ ----------------------
vkjksg% ----------------------
4- v/ksfyf[krkukainkuka fya] foHkfDra] opuap fy[kr&
inkfu fye~ foHkfDr% opue~
/wfye~ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
ukfEu ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
vij% ------------------ ------------------ ------------------dU;kuke~ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
lgHkkfxrke~ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
ukfirS% ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
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79lkfo=khckbZ iqQys
5- mnkgj.keuql`R; ydkjifjorZuaoqQ#r&
orZekudky% vrhrdky%
;Fkk& lk f'kf{kdk vfLrA lk f'kf{kdk vklhr~A
(d) lk v;kius layXuk HkofrA
([k) l% =k;ksn'ko"kZdYi% vfLrA
(x) efgyk% rMkxkr~tyau;fUrA(?k) o;aizfrfnuaikBa iBke%A
() ;w;ad fo|ky;axPNFk\
(p) rs ckydk% fo|ky;kr~x`gaxPNfUrA
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#fpjkr`rh;ks Hkkx%
}kn'k% ikB%
d% j{kfr d% jf{kr%izLrqr ikB i;kZoj.k ij osQfUnzr gSA gekjs thou esaIykfLVd dk bl lhek rd izos'kgks pqdk gS fd ge blosQ fcuk nSfud thou pykus dh dYiuk Hkh ughadj ikrstcfd IykfLVd i;kZoj.k osQ fy, ?kkrd gSA IykfLVd osQ c fodflr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA
(dk'pu Ckkfydk% Hkze.kk; fuxZrk% ijLijekyifUr)
fjiph & ijfeUnj~! ijfeUnj~! ,fg vkxPN] miouaizfo'kke%A
ijfeUnj~ & vjs! miouL; }kjs ,o IykfLVdL;wrdkfu f{kIrkfu brLrr%fodh.kkZfuA
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81d% j{kfrd% jf{kr%
dpukj~ & tuk% izeknaoqQoZfUrA IykfLVdiqVosQ"kq[kk|oLrwfu xghRok Hk{k;fUr]ijarkfu iqVdkfu ekxsZ;=k oqQ=kkfi f{kifUrA
jkstfyu~ & egrh b;aleL;kA vfi izfo'kke%\
fjiph & vLrqizfo'kke%A
(lokZ% miousizfo'kfUrA)
dpukj~ & oqQ=k mifo'kke%\
fjiph & vfLeu~dk"BihBs mifo'kke%A
(lokZ% mifo'kfUr)
fjiph & vfi i';Fk] o;a;=kksifo"Vk% r=k dkfu oLrwfu lfUr\
ijfeUnj~ & vke~A vke~A cgwfu oLrwfu ifjrks fodh.kkZfuA
dpukj~ & ;Fkk L;wr%] tyowQih] oQUnqde~bR;knhfuA
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#fpjkr`rh;ks Hkkx%
jkstfyu~ & gyk] vkRekuefi i';A
psuEek & vke~A vke~A i';kfe ,oA ee lfo/s dre~] oqQ.Mye~]osQ'kcUk%] ?kfVif^dk] d.ke~ bR;knhfu lokZf.k fojktUrsAfdefl oDrqdkek\
fjiph & bna;krO;a;n~,rkfu lokZf.k oLrwfu izk;% IykfLVosQu fufeZrkfulfUrA
dpukj~ & iworqizk;% dkikZlsu] peZ.kk] ykSgsu] yk{k;k] e`fkd;k dk"Bsuok fufeZrkfu oLrwfu ,o izkI;Urs LeA v/quk rr~ LFkkusIykfLVoQ&fufeZrkfu oLrwfu ifjr% fodh.kkZfu lfUrA ,rkfuvYiewY;kfu vfi lfUrA
psuEek & vgks! dyeLrq foLer%A dksfi ,rr~ vuqekrqa 'kDuksfr ;r~,dfLeu~dyes dfr efl;"V;% iz;qT;UrsA
ijfeUnj~ & vuqeh;rs ;r~izR;soaQ Nk=kk izfrlIrkgaLodyes ,dkaefl;f"Vaiwj;frA rkRi;Ze~bnefLr ;r~,dfLeUuso o"ksZ U;wukUU;wuaizk;%ipk'kr~efl;"V;% r;k iz;qDrk% HkofUrA
psuEek & ijad o;e~,dfLeu~o"ksZ,dL;So dyeL; iz;ksxaoqQeZ%\
lkewfgdLoj% & ufg ufgA o"ksZrqizk;'k% cgo% dyek% foyqI;UrsA
fjiph & ,dk Nk=kk f=k"kqekls"kq,oaQ dyeah.kkfrA vFkkZr~,dfLeu~o"ksZprqj% dyeku~h.kkfrA
jkstfyu~ & vijap dyesu lg efl;f"V% vfi IykfLVdkoj.ks lekos';rsArfgZvkgR; izfro"kZe~,dk Nk=kk izk;% ipk'kUefl;"VhukaprqfHZk%dyeS% prq%ipk'kf% vkoj.kS% iz;ksxadjksfrA
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83d% j{kfrd% jf{kr%
'kCnkFkkZ%
dpukj~ & Hkorq] cgq/k iz;qDrL; IykfLVdL; nwjxkfeu% ?kkrdk% ifj.kkek%o;au nz"Vqa'kDuqe%A IykfLVoaQ dnkfi u xyfr] u p vi{kh;rsA;Fkk&vU;kfu oLrwfu fou'; e`fkdk;ka foyh;UrsA
psuEek & IykfLVdL; e`fkdk;kay;kHkkokr~vLekoaQ i;kZoj.kL; rs egrh{kfr% HkofrA
fjiph & ,osQu inkFksZu vij% inkFkZ% l`T;rs] vFkok fou"VaoLrqe`fkdk;ka
feyfrA ijaIykfLVosQ b;aizf;k vlEHkok ,oAijfeUnj~ & dYi;rq ] ;fn 'krao"kkZf.k ;kor~IykfLVd&fufeZrkukainkFkkZuka
fuekZ.kizf;k i`fFkO;kaizpfy";fr rfgZfdaL;kr~\(lokZ% l[ksnafoe'kfUrA)
jkstfyu~ & v=k fo"kknsu fde~\ loZizFkearqf'k{kdk.kkalg;ksxsu IykfLVdL;fofo/i{kk% fopkj.kh;k%A vLekoaQ iz;klksfi i;kZoj.kL; j{k.ksvisf{kr%A
dk'pu & oqQN
ppZ;fUr & ppkZ djrs gSa
iqVosQ"kq & NksVh FkSyh (ikmp)
L;wr% & FkSyk@FkSyh
tyowQih & ikuh dh cksry
gyk & l[kh osQ fy, lEcks/u
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#fpjkr`rh;ks Hkkx%
dre~ & oaQ?kk@oaQ?kh
d.ke~ & oaQxu
dkikZlsu & dikl ls
yk{k;k & yk[k ls
e`fkd;k & fe^h ls
fodh.kkZfu & fc[kjh gq bZ@iSQyh gqbZ
izekne~ & vkyL;
dk"BihBs & ydM+h dh cSap ij
vkgR; & oqQy feykdj
efl;"V~;k & fjfiQy ls
U;wukUU;wue~(U;wukr~$U;wue~) & de ls deizk;'k% & izk;%] yxHkx
foyqI;Urs & yqIr gks tkrs gSa
vi{kh;rs & u"V gks tkrk gS
foyh;Urs & foyhu gks tkrs gSa
y;kHkkokr~(y;$vHkkokr~) & yhu@u"V u gksus osQ dkj.k
l`T;rs & fufeZ r fd;k tkrk gSdYi;rq & dYiuk dhft,
foe`'kfUr & fopkj djrs gSa
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85d% j{kfrd% jf{kr%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r
ipk'kr~ "kf"V% lIrfr% v'khfr% uofr%
f=kipk'kr~ }k"kf"V% prqLlIrfr% }'khfr% f=kuofr%
ipipk'kr~ prq""kf"V% iplIrfr% prqj'khfr% ipuofr%
lIripk'kr~ ip"kf"V% lIrlIrfr% ipk'khfr% "k..kofr%v"Vkipk'kr~ uo"kf"V% v"VklIrfr% uok'khfr% 'kre~
2- v/ksfyf[krs"kqins"kqiz;qDrkafoHkfDraopuap fy[kr
inkfu foHkfDr% opue~
;Fkk& Hkze.kk; prqFkhZ ,dopue~
oLrwfu ---------------- ----------------
IykfLVosQu ---------------- ----------------
fodh.kkZfu ---------------- ----------------
efl;"V~;k ---------------- ----------------
L;wrosQ"kq ---------------- ----------------
dk"BihBs ---------------- ----------------
i`fFkO;ke~ ---------------- ----------------
3- ,dinsu mkjr
(d) efl;"Vh&tyowQih&izHk`frfu oLrwfu osQu inkFksZu fufeZrkfu\([k) miouL; }kjs dkfu f{kIrkfu lfUr\
(x) efkdk;kad oLrqu dnkfi fou';fr\
(?k) vLekoaQ iz;kl% dL; j{k.ks visf{kr%\
vH;kl%
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86
#fpjkr`rh;ks Hkkx%
4- iz'ukuke~mkjkf.k fy[kr
(d) psuEek;k% lfo/s dkfu oLrwfu vklu~\
([k) iwoizk;% osQu inkFksZu fufeZrkfu oLrwfu izkI;Urs Le\
(x) dkfu dkfu oLrwfu i;kZoj.kanw"k;fUr\
(?k) IykfLVdL; e`fkdk;kay;kHkkokr~d Hkofr\
5- v/ksfyf[krkukainkukaydkjaiq#"kaopup fy[kr&inkfu /krq% ydkj% iq #"k% opue~
;Fkk& lfUr vl~ yV~ydkj% izFkeiq#"k% cgqopue~
oqQeZ% ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
h.kkfr ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
i'; ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
vkxPN ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
izpfy";fr ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
6- etw "kkr% vkukars inkfu fpuqr&
prq%ipk'kr~ lIr"kf"V% }klIrfr% "kM'khfr%puquZofr% lIruofr% iplIrfr% v"Vkuofr%
67 --------------------- 86 ---------------------98 --------------------- 97 ---------------------
54 --------------------- 72 ---------------------
94 --------------------- 75 ---------------------
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87d% j{kfrd% jf{kr%
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
laLr esavdkjkUr L=khfy 'kCn osQ :i izkIr ughagksrs gSaA ysfdu yM+fd;ksaosQvdkjkUr uke gksrs gSaA buosQ mnkgj.k gSa&ijfeUnj] jkstfyu] dpukj vkfnA ;gkiz'umBrk gS fd fdl :i esabu ukeksadks laLr esafy[kk tk,A blfy;s bl ikB esaO;tukUr (ijfeUnj~) :i esa j[kk x;k gSA laLr esa bUgsa O;tukUr (ijfeUnj~]jkstfyu~] dpukj~) ekudj :i pyk;s tkus pkfg,A
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
pfy,] vkxkeh vodk'k esa,d vH;kl djrs gSaA lqcg txus ls ysdj jkr lksus osQle; rd cktkj ls vkusokyh vkSj izfrfnu dke esavkus okyh oLrqvksadks ;kuiwoZdns[ksavkSj budh ,d lwph cuk,A muosQ fy, laLr esaD;k iz;ksx gksrk gS ;g tkuusdk iz;kl djsaA lwph esagj oLrqosQ uke osQ vkxs ;g fy[ksafd og fdl phk dhcuh gSA blesa IykfLVd dh cuh gqbZphkksadks NkVdj ,d txg fy[ksavkSj ;gvkdyu djus dk iz;Ru djsafd izfrfnu ge fdruh ek=kk esaIykfLVd dk mi;ksxdjrs gSaA
laLr esa okD; esa igys ^vfi* yxkus ls okD; iz'u okpd gks tkrk gSAtSls&vfi izfo'kke%\ D;k ge Hkhrj pysa\
/krq&la;qDr rqequ~ izR;; osQ vuqLokj dk yksi djosQ mlosQ vkxs dkek@dke%tksM+us ls veqd dk;Zdjuk pkgus okyh@pkgus okyk&;g eqgkojsnkj iz;ksx gksrk gSAtSls&xUrqdkek] oDrqdkek] dkZqdke% bR;kfnA bl izf;k osQ vk/kj ij uhps fy[ksokD;ksadk laLr esavuqokn djsa&
(d) jke D;k dguk pkgrk gS\
([k) fLrhuk dgktkuk pkgrh gS\(x) og djuk D;k pkgrk gS\
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88#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
lfU/%
=k;ksn'k% ikB%
fgeky;%
izLrqr ikB egkdfo dkfynkl iz.khr ^oqQekjlEHkoe~* uked egkdkO; osQ izFke lxZls lax`ghr gSA bu i|ksaesa fgeky; dh izkfrd lq"kek dk o.kZu gSA
vLR;qkjL;ka fnf'k nsorkRek fgeky;ks uke uxkf/jkt%A
iwokZijkS rks;fu/h oxkg~; fLFkr% i`fFkO;k bo ekun.M% AA1AA
vuUrjRuizHkoL; ;L; fgea u lkSHkkX;foyksfi tkre~A
,dks fg nks"kks xq.klfUuikrs fueTtrhUnks% fdj.ksf"ook%AA2AA
vkes[kya lpjrka ?kukuka Nk;ke/% lkuqxrka fu"ksO;A
m}sftrk o`f"VfHkjkJ;Urs 'k`kf.k ;L;kriofUr flk% AA3AA
diksyd.Mw% dfjfHkfoZusr qa fo?kf^rkuka ljynzqek.kke~A
;=k qr{khjr;k izlwr% lkuwfu xU/% lqjHkhdjk sfr AA4AA
fnokdjknz{kfr ;ks xqgklq yhua fnokHkhrfeokU/dkje~A
{kqnz sfi uwua 'kj.ka iziUus eeRoeqPpS%f'kjlka lrho AA5AA
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89fgeky;%
uxkf/jkt% (ux$vf/jkt%) & ioZ rjkt
iwokZijkS(iwoZ$vijkS) & iw oZvkSj if'pe esafLFkr (nksuksa)
rks;fu/h & nksuksaleqnzksadks
oxkg~; & izfo"V gksdj] /l djekun.M% & ekid] iSekuk] ukius osQ fy, iz;qDrmidj.k
izHkoL; & mRiUu djus okys dk
lkSHkkX;foyksfi & lkSUn;Z] efgek] cM+Iiu dks yqIrdjus okyk
lfUuikrs & bdV~ Bk gksus ijfueTtfr & foyhu gks tkrk gS] ux.; gksrk gS
v% & dya d] /Cck
vkes[kye~ & e; Hkkx rd
lpjrke~ & fopj.k djrs gq,
lkuqxrke~ & pksfV;ksaij x;h gqbZ
fu"ksO; & lsou djosQ] lq[k ikdjm}sftrk & ?kcjk, gq ,] ijs'kku
vkJ;Urs & vkJ; ysrs gSa
vkriofUr & /wi ls ;qDr ij
diksyd.Mw% & duiVh dh [kq tyh
'kCnkFkkZ%'kCnkFkkZ%
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90#fpjkrrh;ks Hkkx%
dfjfHk% & gkfFk;ksaosQ }kjk
fousrqe~ & nwj djus osQ fy,
fo?kf^rkuke~ & jxM+s gqvksadk
ljynzqek.kke~ & nsonk# osQ o{kkas dk
lzqr{khjr;k & nw/ fudyus ls
izlwr% & mRiUu
lkuwfu & ioZ r dh pksfV;klqjHkhdjksfr & lqxfU/r dj nsrk gS
xqgklq & xqiQkvksaesa
yhue~ & fNis gq,
fnokHkhre~ & fnu ls Mjs gq,] mYyw
{kqnzsfi({kqnzs$vfi) & v/e ;k uhp dks Hkh
'kj.kaiziUus & 'kj.k esavk;s gq,eeRoe~ & viukiu
lrho(lfr$bo) & ekuksagksus ij
1- v/ksfyf[krkukaiz'ukuke~,dinsu mkjkf.k fy[kr(d) ifFkO;k% ekun.M% d%\
([k) fgeky;% HkkjrL; dL;kafnf'k orZrs\
(x) bUnks% fdj.ks"kqd% fueTtfr\
(?k) oqQekjl