classic antiquity. taking notes time period * key theorists major shifts/context who is in power?...
TRANSCRIPT
Classic AntiquityClassic Antiquity
Taking Notes www.pedagogmob.comwww.pedagogmob.com
Time Period *
Key theoristsMajor shifts/contextWho is in power?Who is a threat to
power?
Always ask:
Purpose of punishment?
Punishment & needs of the time?
Assumptions about punishment?
But what do I have to know?
Let the slides guide where you should focus in the readings…
Slides do not replace readings…
Dates?
Classic Antiquity...
City States: Polis● Greece● Sparta/Athens
SupracontextSupracontext
Nostalgic recollections about ‘rationality’
The Birthplace of Democracy
Lottery Slaves & women
Rationalism: Everything and everyone has its proper place and function (virtue)
Purpose of Law (p. 45) Perfection in virtue Essential freedom Political Community
The Sophists: The Sophists: 469 - 399 BCE469 - 399 BCE
Sophists: Taught the art of rhetoric (elite)
Law is created by Man (relativism) not a natural order
Good: what people in a polis define as good
Attempt at Secularism
Socrates & PlatoSocrates: free
Justice truth & virtue chit chat…. (university)
Challenged Sophists but offered no doctrine of virtue
399 BCE: Trial of Socrates
CourtsCourts TrialsTrials Dikasts Dikasts
Formal and ritualizedFormal and ritualized Avoid concentrated Avoid concentrated
authorityauthority
AdversarialAdversarial system system Character was Character was
importantimportant Hierarchy of CitizensHierarchy of Citizens
“…“…corrupting the youth corrupting the youth and impiety ”and impiety ”
Plato’s State Doctrine…the elite eclipse everyone
because of their wisdom, the masses should y means of self-control, simply rein in their own unreasonable instincts.
…governing power belongs exclusively to the reasonable elite.
…The everyday physical work is performed by the unwise masses. (p.46)
Rejection of DemocracyRejection of Democracy
Function of the Polis:1.Government2.Maintain order3.Productive labour
(virtue)
Three classes ordered by virtue :
courage & intelligence philosophers natural
rulers
Plato’s State Doctrine
You can skip You can skip p.56-65p.56-65
Aristotle & Ontology
Student of Plato’s Academy
Became a scholar
“Why are things ordered as they are?”
Teological - a natural capacity in objects
Aristotle’s EthicsPhilosophers: Purpose of
Law Highest Good
(“happiness”) Duty to ‘essential nature’
Distributive Justice Equality in Inequality
Corrective Justice Contractual fairness
Democracy that Excludes… Democracy that Excludes…
Roman Stoics: ApathyAlexander the GreatAuthoritarian rule
Seneca: One should not desire
things outside your control
Do not mourn your poverty, control what you can….
Do not resist…
Cicero – however: apolitical is unsustainable
Cicero: Natural Law1. Do not disturb the
order of a community2. Contribute
generously to the Polis through:
1. Benevolence2. Generosity3. Goodness4. Justice
Good of the People Good of the People always trumps always trumps supporting tyranny, supporting tyranny, for example…for example…
Thursday Start into The Middle
Ages
Quiz (20 minutes)