Classical and Classical and RomanticRomantic

Higher Listening ConceptsHigher Listening Concepts

Standard Grade ConceptsStandard Grade Concepts ConcertoConcerto SymphonySymphony CadenzaCadenza Flutter-tonguingFlutter-tonguing Con SordinoCon Sordino TremolandoTremolando Col LegnoCol Legno ArcoArco PizzicatoPizzicato Double StoppingDouble Stopping

Higher ConceptsHigher Concepts The SonataThe Sonata Sonata Form – Exposition, development, Sonata Form – Exposition, development,

recapitulation, transitionrecapitulation, transition Programme music/Symphonic poem/Tone Programme music/Symphonic poem/Tone

poempoem NationalistNationalist LiederLieder Song Cycle Song Cycle ColoraturaColoratura LeitmotivLeitmotiv

The SonataThe Sonata

A sonata consists of a solo A sonata consists of a solo instrument with Pianoinstrument with Piano

A Violin Sonata would be for a Violin A Violin Sonata would be for a Violin and Pianoand Piano

A Piano Sonata would be for solo A Piano Sonata would be for solo piano.piano.

YouTube - Beethoven - Cello Sonata - Glenn Gould & Leonard Rose -PART1YouTube - Beethoven - Cello Sonata - Glenn Gould & Leonard Rose -PART1YouTube - Franz Schubert - Piano Sonata D. 960 part 1-1

Sonata FormSonata Form

This structure was developed in This structure was developed in Classical period.Classical period.

Commonly used for Sonatas and Commonly used for Sonatas and Symphonies.Symphonies.

http://library.thinkquest.org/22673/forms1.html

Exposition Development Recapitulation

Transition

Programme MusicProgramme Music

Also known as Symphonic poem and Also known as Symphonic poem and Tone poem.Tone poem.

Large scale work for OrchestraLarge scale work for Orchestra Usually based on a story or poem. Usually based on a story or poem.

(E.g Danse Macabre)(E.g Danse Macabre) Very expressive and emotional piece Very expressive and emotional piece

of musicof musicYouTube - Danse Macabre

NationalistNationalist

The music reflects the nationality of The music reflects the nationality of the country.the country.

It may contain folk melodies or It may contain folk melodies or instruments from that countryinstruments from that country

Famous examples are: Finlandia Famous examples are: Finlandia (Sibelius) and Fingals Cave (Sibelius) and Fingals Cave (Mendelssohn) (Mendelssohn)

YouTube - Finlandia

Lieder and The Song Lieder and The Song CycleCycle

Lieder is German for Song.Lieder is German for Song. Performed by solo voice Performed by solo voice

accompanied by Pianoaccompanied by Piano Lieder can often be Strophic and use Lieder can often be Strophic and use

both melismatic and syllabic word both melismatic and syllabic word settings.settings.

The Song Cycle consists of a group The Song Cycle consists of a group of songs all based on the same topic.of songs all based on the same topic.

YouTube - Fritz Wunderlich sings 4 Schubert Lieder (Songs)YouTube - Fritz Wunderlich sings 4 Schubert Lieder (Songs)

Leitmotiv and ColoraturaLeitmotiv and Coloratura

In an Opera, characters often had a In an Opera, characters often had a particular theme to represent them. This particular theme to represent them. This was known as the Leitmotiv.was known as the Leitmotiv.

This was developed in the Romantic period This was developed in the Romantic period by Wagner.by Wagner.

Coloratura was a new vocal style in Classical Coloratura was a new vocal style in Classical Opera. It is very decorative with scales and Opera. It is very decorative with scales and ornaments and sung by a very high soprano. ornaments and sung by a very high soprano.

YouTube - VICTORIA JOYCE- Mozart Queen of YouTube - VICTORIA JOYCE- Mozart Queen of the Night: Der Hölle Rachethe Night: Der Hölle Rache

Recognising the PeriodsRecognising the Periods

In a question paper, you are often asked In a question paper, you are often asked to identify the period of the music. Here to identify the period of the music. Here are some tips:are some tips:

Classical – It is a very structured style and Classical – It is a very structured style and has a light texture.has a light texture.

Romantic – A richer sound with more Romantic – A richer sound with more emotion and expressionemotion and expression

Late Romantic – Uses a loose music Late Romantic – Uses a loose music structure. Dramatic sounding, like film structure. Dramatic sounding, like film music. Brass instruments are importantmusic. Brass instruments are important