CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS

Global AIS: Unit 3

GENERAL INFORMATION

LOCATIONS MAP

Civilizations to identify:• Rome• Greece• Maurya• Han

Notice that Greece is surrounded by Rome

TIMELINE

Neolithic Revolution: 10,000 BC

First Civilization (Egypt): 5000 BC

First Classical Civilization (Greece): 1600 BC

CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS

SUMMARIES

The items in red are what you need to write

down.

MAURYA CIVILIZATION

Location: Northern India (Indus River Valley)

Important Things to Know• Created a bureaucracy

• Bureaucracy: a body of officials, especially those making up a government

• Ran a centralized government• All cities report to one location• All laws come from one location

HAN DYNASTY

Location: Eastern China

General Important Contributions• Paper

• Remember the Silk Road and cultural diffusion?

• Wheelbarrow• Rudder• Acupuncture

HAN DYNASTY CONT’D

Great Wall of China• Built to keep out invading armies from the north• Builders of the Great Wall of China

Silk• Popular trade product made of soft natural fiber

• By law, silk worms could not be exported

• “Silk Road” was created as a means of exporting to the Middle East

HAN DYNASTY CONT’D

Civil Service System• Must pass a test to get a government job• Based upon the teachings of Confucius• Podcast on Confucius

Dynasty System• A line of ruling families in China• Each family claimed the Mandate of Heaven

Mandate of Heaven (IMPORTANT!): The belief that

ruling families are given the right to rule by the gods

GREECE

City-State: a city with its own

government that is part of a

larger country • Greece was made of

mountainous islands so travel was too difficult to make a centralized government

• One of the precursors to our states

GREECE: ATHENS VS. SPARTA

Athens and Sparta were the two main city-states• Fought against each other in the Peloponnesian Wars

Athens• Direct democracy: free men vote on all issues• Characteristics: educated, intellectual, got along with

other city-states• Citizens are men

• Women and slaves were not considered citizens

• Cultural center of Greece• Age of Pericles: a golden age that produced great

contributions in arts and sciences

GREECE: ATHENS VS. SPARTA

Sparta• Monarchy: 2 kings that made decisions together• Characteristics: War-like, community of warriors, poor

relations with other city-states• Little travel or trade• Life was hard and cruel• Lack of change led to its downfall• Emphasized the military

• Boys were trained to be soldiers• Weak were eliminated

This is Sparta!

GREECE

Alexander the Great• Took over the “known world” (Egypt, Persia, India)

Created the Hellenistic Culture through cultural

diffusion• Blended Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian

cultures

GREECE: CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SOCIETY

Architecture• Straight lines and basic shapes• COLUMNS! Used for support and decoration

Philosophy• Science of thinking about difficult and important

issues• Big names: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

• All still studied today

GREECE: CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SOCIETY

Democracy• Created this type of government in Athens• Citizens helped decide important issues

Citizen• Only free males (no slaves, women, foreigners)

ROME

Development of government• Started as a monarchy

• Rule by a single person (king or queen)

• As more people joined the empire, a republic was formed• Republic: citizens vote for representatives to make

decisions• Government before Rome became an empire

• Empire: one person (Caesar) makes all the decisions for the people• Term used when a country conquers and expands

ROME

Location• Began in Italy (Rome)• Empire surrounds the Mediterranean Sea

• The Sea was the center of Roman trade

• Large enough to unite Europe with the Middle East through trade, common language (Latin), and common government

Pax Romana• Translation: Roman Peace• Began with Augustus Caesar and last for 200 years of peace and

prosperity• Golden Age of Rome

Teenage Life in Rome

ROME: CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SOCIETY

Literature: continued Greek tradition of drama,

poetry, and novels

Engineering• Architecture

• Copied Greek architecture and added round shapes, like domes and arches

• Roads• Built the first major roadways• Allowed armies to move quickly• Facilitated trade between cities and provinces (rural areas)

ROME: CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIETY

Engineering cont’d• Arch

• Replaced columns for support

• Stronger than columns• Could build larger

structures with more open space

• Aqueducts• Carry fresh water from

mountains to cities

PARTHENON VS. COLISEUM

What’s the difference?

ROME: CONTRIBUTIONS

Laws• Applied to everyone within the empire• Basis for our legal system today• Twelve Tables were the written laws of Rome

Latin• Allowed everyone in empire to communicate• Common language of Europe for many centuries

ROMAN EMPIRE

EMPIRES CONNECTIONS

Rome and the Han Dynasty: grew wealthy because

they developed EXTENSIVE TRADE NETWORKS

Rome and Greece: free men were the main citizens • HOWEVER, Roman women enjoyed some rights

• They could own property and make wills• They could leave their property to anyone they wanted

THE FALL OF EMPIRES

GOOD -BYE HAN DYNASTY AND ROMAN EMPIRE

People became corrupt and lazy

Empire became too big to manage

Foreign invasions

Taxes got too high