classification chapter 18
DESCRIPTION
Classification Chapter 18. Dr. Donna Howell Biology – Blacksburg High School. Finding Order in Diversity. What is Classification?. Put simply, the putting into groups and naming of organisms. We classify because it helps us see the relationships between different organisms. Taxonomy. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ClassificationChapter 18
Dr. Donna HowellBiology – Blacksburg High School
![Page 2: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Finding Order in Diversity
![Page 3: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is Classification?• Put simply,
the putting into groups and naming of organisms.
• We classify because it helps us see the relationships between different organisms.
![Page 4: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Taxonomy• The
science of classifying and naming organisms is called taxonomy.
![Page 5: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Binomial Nomenclature• Organisms are
classified by a system called binomial nomenclature.
• Bi means “two” and this means that each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
![Page 6: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Genus & Species• The first part
of the name is the genus.
• Example: all bears have the genus of Ursus.
• The second part of the name is the species. This is unique to each type of bear.
![Page 7: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Carolus Linnaeus• Carolus Linnaeus
is the scientist that came up with the hierarchial system of classification that includes 7 levels:– Kingdom– Phylum– Class– Order– Family– Genus– Species
![Page 8: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Carolus Linnaeus• The broadest
category is the kingdom.
• All animals are in the kingdom Animalia.
• Then gradually it gets more specific, eventually reaching the species level.
![Page 9: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Modern Evolutionary Classification
![Page 10: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Evolutionary Classification
• Phylogeny is the study of evolutionary relationships between organisms.
• Organisms are now grouped into lines of evolutionary descent.
![Page 11: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cladograms• One way
evolutionary relationships are shown is through a cladogram.
• Each branch on a cladogram represents a new adaptation in the family line.
![Page 12: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Similarities in DNA and RNA
• Another way we can show evolutionary relationships is through analyzing DNA and RNA.
• This is much more accurate than other methods.
![Page 13: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Kingdoms and Domains
![Page 14: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Six Kingdoms• The current
classification system contains six kingdoms:– Eubacteria– Archaebacteri
a– Protists– Fungi– Plantae– Animalia
![Page 15: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Three Domains• Most
scientists now use a 3 domain classification system:– Archaea– Bacteria– Eukarya
• Plants• Animals• Fungi
Protists
![Page 16: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Domain Archaea• Archaea are
the most primitive bacteria.
• They are unique in that they live in extreme environments, such as high salt, high heat, cold, acid, etc.
![Page 17: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Domain Bacteria• The bacteria
are unicellular organisms that are prokaryotes (cells don’t have nuclei)
• Live EVERYWHERE!
• Cause disease
![Page 18: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Domain Eukarya - Protista
• The protists are unicellular and multicellular organisms with many different characteristics.
• Ex: malaria, algae, and many pond water organisms.
![Page 19: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Domain Eukarya -Fungi• The fungi are
organisms that feed on dead and decaying matter.
• Ex: mushrooms, yeast, molds, athlete’s foot, etc.
![Page 20: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Domain Eukarya -Plantae• The plants are
organisms that undergo photosynthesis.
• Ex: trees, flowers, grasses, etc.
![Page 21: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Domain Eukarya -Animalia
• The animals are organisms that are more advanced than other organisms.
• Ex: mammals, rodents, fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, etc.
![Page 22: Classification Chapter 18](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051700/568163fd550346895dd59921/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The End!