ANTIBIOTIC CLASSIFICATION BY SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY AND TYPE OF ACTIVITY

Group IMelda YunitaMuh. Noor AdrianSiti Nur AzizahSusi RatnaningtyasPriyanto Dwi NugrohoNi Putu Ratna Ayu KrishantiNurul Hidayah

Spectrum of Activity of Antibiotics

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics (narrow activity)

Broad-spectrum antibiotics (broad activity)

This antibiotics are mainly effective against a limited

group of microbes and exhibit lower toxicity to the

host

This antibiotics effective against many types of

microbes and tend to have higher toxicity to the host

Gram-positive bacteria

Example: penicillin G and penicillin V, erythromycin, clindamycin, kanamycin

Gram-negative bacteria

Example: streptomycin, gentamicin, polymyxin-B, nalidixic acid

Example: sulfonamides, ampicillin, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and rifampicin

(Lambert 1998)

Classification of antibiotics by spectrum of action

(Southwick 2009)

(Southwick 2009)

(Crueger and Crueger, 1984)

Type of Antibiotic Activity

Type of Antibiotic Activity

“bacteriostatic” means that the agent prevents the growth of bacteria (i.e., it keeps them in the stationary phase of growth).

(Madigan et al. 2012)

(Pankey dan Sabath 2004)

Type of Antibiotic Activity

bacteriostatic

inhibit the growth of bacteria

antibiotic

sulphonamid, tetraciklin, chloramphenicol, macrolid (eritromicin, azitromicin)

trimetropim, linkomicin, klindamicin

Type of Antibiotic Activity

“bactericidal” means that antibiotic kills bacteria.

“bactericidal” usually to kill every microrganism (if, for instance, the inoculum is large) within 18–24 h after the test.

(Madigan et al. 2012)

(Pankey dan Sabath 2004)

Type of Antibiotic Activity

antibiotic

bactericidal

kill bacteria

beta lactam antibiotic (penicilin, cephalosporin), polypeptid antibiotic (polymikcin, vancomicin, bacitracin),

siclocerin, rifampicin, chotrimoksazol, isoniazid, nalidixic

acid, carbapenem

Whether a drug is bactericidal or bacteriostatic often depends on: its concentration at the infection site the susceptibility of the microorganism to the

drug. Successful treatment with bacteriostatic

antibiotics depends on the ability of the host’s immune system to eliminate the inhibited bacteria and an adequate duration of drug therapy. Stopping an antibiotic prematurely can result in rapid resumption of bacterial growth.

Bactericidal drugs are preferred in serious infections, especially in people with impaired immune function.

References

Crueger W, Crueger A. 1984. Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology. US: Science Tech, Inc.

Lambert PA. 1998. Mechanism of action of antibiotics. Di dalam Hugo WB dan Russell AD, editor. Pharmaceutical Microbiology. London (UK): Blackwell Science Ltd.

Madigan MT, Martinko JM, Stahl DA, Clark DP. 2012. Brock Biology of Microorganisms 13th ed. San Francisco (US). Benjamin Cummings.

Pankey GA, Sabath LD. 2004. Clinical relevance of bacteriostatic versus bactericidal mechanisms of action in the treatment of Gram positive bacterial infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases.38:864–870.

Southwick FS. 2009. Anti-infective therapy. Di dalam Southwick FS, editor. A clinical short course: Infectious Disease . New York (US): McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division