classification of internal combustion engines
TRANSCRIPT
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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
VARIOUS TYPES OF ENGINES
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
1. Application2. Basic Engine Design3. Operating Cycle4. Working Cycle5. Valve/Port Design and Location6. Fuel7. Mixture Preparation8. Ignition9. Stratification of Charge10. Combustion Chamber Design11. Method of Load Control12. Cooling
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
1. 1. Application2. Automotive: (i) Car
(ii) Truck/Bus(iii) Off-highway
2. Locomotive3. Light Aircraft4. Marine: (i) Outboard
(ii) Inboard (iii) Ship
5. Power Generation: (i) Portable (Domestic) (ii) Fixed (Peak Power)
6. Agricultural: (i) Tractors (ii) Pump sets
7. Earthmoving: (i) Dumpers (ii) Tippers (iii) Mining Equipment
8. Home Use: (i) Lawnmowers(ii) Snow blowers(iii) Tools
9. Others
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Automotive Diesel Engine
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Large Two-stroke Marine Engine
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
2. Basic Engine Design:1. Reciprocating (a) Single Cylinder (b) Multi-cylinder (I) In-line (ii) V (iii) Radial (iv) Opposed Cylinder (v) Opposed Piston2. Rotary: (a) Single Rotor
(b) Multi-rotor
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Types of Reciprocating Engines
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V Engine
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Wankel Rotary Piston Engine
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Types of Rotary Engines
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Wankel Engine Parts
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Twin-rotor Wankel
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Apex Seals
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
3. Operating Cycle
• Otto (For the Conventional SI Engine)• Atkinson (For Complete Expansion SI
Engine)• Miller (For Early or Late Inlet Valve Closing
type SI Engine)• Diesel (For the Ideal Diesel Engine)• Dual (For the Actual Diesel Engine)
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Engine Information
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
4. Working Cycle (Strokes)
1. Four Stroke Cycle:(a) Naturally Aspirated (b)Supercharged/Turbocharged
2. Two Stroke Cycle: (a) Crankcase Scavenged (b) Uniflow Scavenged
(i) Inlet valve/Exhaust Port (ii) Inlet Port/Exhaust Valve (iii) Inlet and Exhaust Valve
May be Naturally Aspirated Turbocharged
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Four Stroke & Two stroke SIEngines
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Four Stroke & Two Stroke CI Engines
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Two-stroke Engine
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Supercharging Types
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
5. (a) Valve/Port Design1. Poppet Valve2. Rotary Valve3. Reed Valve4. Piston Controlled Porting
5. (b) Valve Location1. The T-head2. The L-head3. The F-head4. The I-head: (i) Over head Valve (OHV)
(ii) Over head Cam (OHC)
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Poppet Valve
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Valve Locations
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Valve Timing Profile
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
6. Fuel1.Conventional: (a) Crude oil derived (i) Petrol
(ii) Diesel (b) Other sources: (i) Coal
(ii) Wood (includes bio-mass) (iii)Tar Sands (iv)Shale
2. Alternate: (a) Petroleum derived (i) CNG (ii) LPG
(b) Bio-mass Derived (i) Alcohols (methyl and ethyl) (ii) Vegetable oils (iii) Producer gas and biogas (iv) Hydrogen
3. Blending4. Dual fueling
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
7. Mixture Preparation
1. Carburetion
2. Fuel Injection (i) Diesel
(ii) Gasoline
(a) Manifold
(b) Port
(c) Cylinder
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Gasoline Fuel Injection
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
8. Ignition
1. Spark Ignition
(a) Conventional
(i) Battery
(ii) Magneto
(b) Other methods
2. Compression Ignition
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
9. Charge Stratification
1. Homogeneous Charge (Also Pre-mixed charge)
2. Stratified Charge (i) With carburetion
(ii) With fuel injection
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Charge Stratification
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Combustion Chamber Designs
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Combustion Chamber Design
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Combustion Chamber Design
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Combustion Chamber Design
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Combustion Chamber Design
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Combustion Chamber Design
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Combustion Chamber Design
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
10. Combustion Chamber Design1. Open Chamber: (i) Disc type
(ii) Wedge (iii) Hemispherical
(iv) Bowl-in-piston (v) Other design
2. Divided Chamber: (For CI): (i) Swirl chamber (ii) Pre-chamber
(For SI) (i) CVCC (ii) Other
designs
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
11. Method of Load Control
1. Throttling: (To keep mixture strength constant) Also called Charge Control
Used in the Carbureted S.I. Engine
2. Fuel Control (To vary the mixture strength according to load)
Used in the C.I. Engine
3. Combination
Used in the Fuel-injected S.I. Engine.
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
12. Cooling
1. Direct Air-cooling
2. Indirect Air-cooling (Liquid Cooling)
3. Low Heat Rejection (Semi-adiabatic) engine.