CLASSIFICATION OF

MALOCCLUSION

CONTENTS What Is Malocclusion? Uses Of Classification Types And Terminolodies Of Classification Angle’s Classification Drawbacks Modification

What Is Occlusion?The Relationship Of The Maxillary

And Mandibular Teeth When The Jaws Are Closed In Centric Relation Without Strain Of Musculare Or Displacement Of Condyles In

Their Fossae.

What Is Malocclusion?

A Condition In Which There Is A Deflection From The Normal Relation Of

The Teeth To Other Teeth In The Same Arch Or To Teeth In The Opposing Arch.

Uses Of Classification It Helps In Daignosis And Planning

Treatment For Patient. It Helps In Visualizing And Understanding

The Problem Associated With That Malocclusion.

It Helps In Communicating The Problem. Comparison Of The Various Malocclusion

Is Made Easy By Classification. Used For Epidemiological Studies.

Intra-arch Problems Saggital Problems • Labioversion• Linguoversion• Mesioversion• Distoversion Vertical Problems• Supraversion• Infraversion Rotation Transposition

Inter-arch Problems Saggital• Class 2 Malocclusion.• Class 3 Malocclusion Transverse• Crossbites• Midline Shift Vertical • Deep Bite• Open Bite

Angle’s System Of Classification

• Given By Edward H. Angle in 1899 Was Considered The Father Of Modern Orthodontics.

• Based On The Mesio-distal Relation Of The Teeth, Dental Arches And The Jaws.

• According To Angle, The Maxillary First Permanent Molar Is The Key To Occlusion.

Classification Class 1 Malocclusion Class 2 Malocclusion• Division 1• Division 2• Sub-division Class 3 Malocclusion • Class 3 • Pseudo Class 3• Sub-division

Angle’s Class-1 • Characterized by normal inter-

arch molar relation.• The mesio-buccal cusp of the

maxillary first permanent molar occludes in the buccal groove of mandibular first permanent molar.

• Patient may exhibit dental irregularities such as crowding, spacing, rotations, missing tooth etc.

• These patient exhibit normal skeletal relation and also shoe normal muscle function.

Bimaxillary ProtrusionAnother malocclusion that is

most often categorized under class 1 is bomaxillary protrusion where the patient exhibits a normal class 1 molar relationship but both the upper and lower arches are forwardly placed.

Angle’s Class 2

• These group is characterized by class 2 molar relation.

• The disto-buccal cusp of the upper first permanent molar occludes in the buccal groove of the lower first permanent molar.

• Angle has sub classified class 2 malocclusion into 2 division

1.Class 2 division 12.Class 2 division 2

Class 2 Division 1• These is characterized by

proclined upper incisor with a resultant increase in overjet.

• Characteristic feature is the presence of abnormal muscle activity.

• The upper lip is usually hypotonic, short and fails to form a lip seal. The lower lip cushions the palatal aspect of the upper teeth, a typical feature is ‘Lip Trap’.

• The arch is narrow at the premolar and molar region thereby producing a v-shaped upper arch.

• Hyperactive mentalis activity.

Class 2 Division 2• It also exhibit the class 2 molar

relationship• The classic feature is presence of

lingually inclined upper central incisors and labially tipped upper lateral incisors.

• The patient is exhibits a deep anterior overbite.

• The lingually inclined upper incisors give arch a squarish shape.

• The mandibular labial gingival tissue is often traumatized by the excessively tipped upper central incisors.

• The patient exhibit normal muscle activity.

Class 2 Subdivision• In these class 2 molar relation exists on

one side and a class 1 relation on the other, it is refered to as class 2 subdivision

Angle’s Class 3• These group is characterized by

class 3 molar relation.• Mesio-buccal cusp of the maxillary

first permanent molar occlude in the interdental space between the mandibular first and second molar.

• It is classified into two group:1.True class 32.Pseudo class 3

True Class 3• This can occur due to following causes:1. Excessively large mandible2. Forwardly placed mandible3. Smaller than normal maxilla4. Retropositioned maxilla5. Combination of the above causes• The patient can present with a normal

overjet, an edge to edge incisor relation or an anterior crossbite.

• The space available for tongue is usually more. Thus the tongue occupies a lower position, resulting in a narrow upper arch.

Pseudo Class 3• This type of malocclusion is produced by a

forward movement of the mandible during jaw closure, thus it is also called ‘postural’ or ‘habitual’ class 3 malocclusion.

• Following are some causes of pseuso class 3 malocclusion.

1. Presence of occlusal prematurities may deflect the mandible forward.

2. In case of premature loss of deciduous posteriors, the child tends to move the mandible forward to established contact in the anterior region.

3. A child with enlarged adenoids tends to prevent the tongue from contacting the adenoids.

Class 3 Subdivision This is a condition characterized by a

class 3 molar relation on one side and a class 1 relation on the other side.

Drawbacks Of Angle’s Classification

1. Angle considered malocclusion only in the antero-posterior plane. He didn’t consider malocclusion in the transverse and vertical planes.

2. Angle considered the first permanent molars as fixed points in the skull. But this is not found to be so.

3. The classification can’t be applied if the first permanent molars are extracted or missing.

4. The classification can’t be applied to the deciduous dentition.

5. The classification does not differentiate between skeletal and dental malocclusion.

6. The classification does not highlight the etiology of the malocclusion.

7. Individual tooth malposition have not been considered by angle.

NAME OF AUTHOR

JOURNAL LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

Isabela brandao magalhaes; Luciano jose Pereira; Leandro silva marques; Gustavo hauber gamerio

Angle Orthodontist

The influence of malocclusion on masticatory performance

Malocclusions cause decreased masticatory performance, especially as it relates to reduced occlusal contacts area. The influence of malocclusion treatment on masticatory performance is only measurable 5 years after treatment.

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