Classification of Classification of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms

Putting Bugs in BoxesPutting Bugs in Boxes

TaxonomyTaxonomy

TaxonomyTaxonomy The science of classifying organismsThe science of classifying organisms Provides universal names for Provides universal names for

organismsorganisms Provides a reference for identifying Provides a reference for identifying

organismsorganisms

TaxonomyTaxonomy

Systematics or phylogenySystematics or phylogeny The study of the evolutionary The study of the evolutionary

history of organismshistory of organisms All Species Inventory (2001-2025)All Species Inventory (2001-2025)

To identify all species of life on To identify all species of life on Earth Earth

The Three-Domain The Three-Domain SystemSystem

Table 10.1

The Three-Domain The Three-Domain SystemSystem

Figure 10.1

Endosymbiont TheoryEndosymbiont Theory

Figure 10.3Figure 10.2

Scientific NamesScientific NamesScientific Scientific binomialbinomial

Source of Source of Genus nameGenus name

Source of Source of Specific Specific epithetepithet

Kbebsiella Kbebsiella pneumoniaepneumoniae

Honors Edwin Honors Edwin KlebsKlebs

The diseaseThe disease

Pfiesteria piscicidaPfiesteria piscicida Honors Lois Honors Lois PfiesterPfiester

Disease in fishDisease in fish

Salmonella Salmonella typhimuriumtyphimurium

Honors Daniel Honors Daniel SalmonSalmon

Stupor (typh-) in Stupor (typh-) in mice (muri-)mice (muri-)

Streptococcus Streptococcus pyogenespyogenes

Chains of cells Chains of cells (strepto-)(strepto-)

Forms pus (pyo-)Forms pus (pyo-)

Penicillium Penicillium notatumnotatum

Tuftlike (penicill-)Tuftlike (penicill-) Spores spread in Spores spread in wind (nota)wind (nota)

Trypanosoma cruziTrypanosoma cruzi Corkscrew-like Corkscrew-like (trypano-, borer; (trypano-, borer; soma-body)soma-body)

Honors Oswaldo Honors Oswaldo CruzCruz

Taxonomic HierarchyTaxonomic Hierarchy

Figure 10.5

Species DefinitionSpecies Definition Eukaryotic species:Eukaryotic species:

A group of closely related organisms that breed A group of closely related organisms that breed among themselvesamong themselves

Prokaryotic species:Prokaryotic species: A population of cells with similar characteristicsA population of cells with similar characteristics Clone: Population of cells derived from a single Clone: Population of cells derived from a single

cellcell Strain: Genetically different cells within a cloneStrain: Genetically different cells within a clone

Viral species:Viral species: Population of viruses with similar characteristics Population of viruses with similar characteristics

that occupies a particular ecological nichethat occupies a particular ecological niche

ReferencesReferences

•• • Bergey’s Manual of Bergey’s Manual of Determinative BacteriologyDeterminative Bacteriology•Provides identification schemes Provides identification schemes for identifying bacteria and for identifying bacteria and archaeaarchaea

•Morphology, differential Morphology, differential staining, biochemical testsstaining, biochemical tests

•• • Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bergey’s Manual of Systematic BacteriologyBacteriology•Provides phylogenetic Provides phylogenetic information on bacteria and information on bacteria and archaeaarchaea

•Based on rRNA sequencingBased on rRNA sequencing

•• • Approved Lists of Bacterial Approved Lists of Bacterial NamesNames•Lists species of known Lists species of known prokaryotesprokaryotes

•Based on published articlesBased on published articles

Identification MethodsIdentification Methods Morphological Morphological

characteristics: characteristics: Useful for Useful for identifying identifying eukaryoteseukaryotes

Differential Differential staining: Gram staining: Gram staining, acid-staining, acid-fast stainingfast staining

Biochemical Biochemical tests: tests: Determines Determines presence of presence of bacterial bacterial enzymesenzymes

Figure 10.8

Figure 10.7

Microbiology Lab OrderMicrobiology Lab Order