classification of psychiatric disorders chapter two
TRANSCRIPT
Classification of Psychiatric
Disorders
Chapter Two
Mental Disorder/Psychiatric Disorder
Is an illness with psychogenic or behavioral manifestations associated with impairment in functioning due to biologic, social, psychogenic, genetic, physical and chemical disturbances.
Each illness has characteristics signs and symptoms
Two main Classification Systems ICD 10 (International Classification of
Diseases) DSM 5 (Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual)
Over 200 types of psychiatric illness are classified and according to ICD 10 the main categories of illness or disorders are-
The main categories of ICD 10
Organic including symptomatic, mental disorders
Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use.
Schizophrenia, Schizotypal and Delusional disorder.
Mood (Affective) disorders
Neurotic, Stress related and Somatoform disorder.
Behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbance and physical
factors
Disorders of adult personality and behaviour
Mental retardation
Disorders of psychological development
Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood or
adolescences.
Stress related disordersAcute stress disorderAdjustment disorderPost-traumatic disorder
Anxiety disordersGeneralized anxietyPhobic anxietyPanic anxietyObsessive-compulsive anxiety
Affective mood disordersDepressive disorder
Mania and bipolar disorder
Schizophrenia and delusional disorders
Substance misuse disorders AlcoholDrugs
Classification of psychiatric disorders (Davidson)
Organic disordersAcute, e.g. deliriumChronic, e.g. dementia
Disorders of adult personality and behavior
Personality disorderFactitious disorder
Eating disordersAnorexia nervosaBulimia nervosa
Somatoform disordersSomatisation disorderDissociative (conversion) disorderPain disorderHypochondriasisBody dysmorphic disorderSomatoform autonomic dysfunction
NeurastheniaPuerperal mental disorders
Old Classification of Psychiatric Disorders
Organic Psychiatric Disorders
Functional Psychiatric Disorders
Major/Psychosis Minor/Neurosis
Others
Difference between Psychosis and Neurosis Psychosis Neurosis
I. Etiology
i. Genetic factors More important (in disorders like schizophrenia, mood disorders etc.)
Less important (important in making a personality vulnerable)
ii. Stressful life events Less important More important
II. Psychopathology
Personality disintegration
Total Partial
III. Clinical Features
i. Touch with reality Lost Not
ii. Insight into the illness Lost (Patient usually brought by the relatives).
Present (Patient himself comes for treatment).
iii. Judgment Impaired Intact
iv. Social relationships and behavior
Markedly affected Usually not affected
v. Neglect of Personal hygiene
May be present Not
vi. Disturbances of memory, orientation, consciousness and intelligence
Common (in organic psychoses)
Rare
vii. Disturbances of thinking (delusions) and Perception (illusions and hallucinations)
Common Rare
IV. Treatment
i. Electroconvulsivetherapy
Very useful (in Functional Psychoses)
Not useful
ii. Drugs Neuroleptics (Major tranquillizers) and antidepressants commonly used
Minor tranquillizers and anti-depressantscommonly used
iii. Psychotherapy Supportive type (useful when the patient is in remission)
Analytic, supportive and other types very useful.
V. Prognosis Difficult to treat. Recovery may not be possible. Relapses are common
Easy to treat. Recovery is possible and complete. Relapses are uncommon
The END