CLASSIFICATION

Classification -•The grouping of organisms based on similarities & differences

•Physical Appearance

•Genetic Make-up

•Evolutionary History

•Allows us to study relationships between species

•Identify organisms more efficiently•Study group characteristics•Determine relatedness

•Taxonomy = the science of classification

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)•Born Carl von Linne, but renamed himself with a scientific name.

•Devised a system for grouping and giving names to all organisms.

•Used physical and structural characteristics to classify organisms.

•Subdivided into smaller and more specific groups

•Chose Latin as the language for assigning the names.

NOW WATCH!!Amoeba Sisters - Classification

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVouQRAKxYo

Binomial Nomenclature (The Linnaean System of Naming)

•Two name (“binomial“) naming system •Example: Homo sapiens

•First name is the Genus (Ex. Homo)•Group of similar species

•Capitalized

•Second name is the species (Ex. sapiens)•Descriptive name

•Lower case

•Ursus maritimus (Polar Bear)•Ursus = genus including all bears•maritimus = Sea (species)

•Always italicize or underline scientific names

Why is it so important?•Many species have multiple common names.

•The cougar holds the Guinness world record for number of common names, with 40 in English alone• Cougar, catamount, painter,

panther, ghost cat, puma, shadow cat, mountain lion, deer tiger, devil cat, sneak cat, plain lion, fire cat, mountain screamer, Florida panther, silver lion……

Taxonomic System• Levels of classification are referred to as taxa

•Domain

Kingdom - largest, most general group

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species - smallest, most specific group

Cord grass or marsh grass is the dominant producer in salt marsh ecosystems. One grass found in Georgia salt marshes is listed below. What is wrong with the scientific name?

spartina Alterniflora

Dichotomous Key•Chart of paired statements used to identify an organism

•Amoeba Sisters Video -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpKulkADzBk&t=19s

Now, do the Shark & Ray DiKey for a grade!

Phylogenic Trees• A branching diagram or “tree” showing the inferred (hypothesis, not facts)

evolutionary relationships among various biological species• Based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics

More Info @ Khan Academy:https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/her/tree-of-life/a/phylogenetic-trees

Cladograms• Used to show how organisms are related & have evolved overtime

• Use “nodes” to show the beginning of a new characteristic

• Each “node” represents a common ancestor that may or may not be identifiable

• It is not an evolutionary tree, because it DOES NOT show how ancestors are related to descendants

Need More Info?•Bozeman Science Cladograms

•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouZ9zEkxGWg

•Crash Course – Taxonomy•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F38BmgPcZ_I&t=95s

•Bozeman Science Three Domains of Life•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGVgIcTpZkk&t=31s