classifying organisms - ms. belknap's class blog

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CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS

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CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS

CLASSIFYING LIVING THINGS

• Aristotle was the first to classify organisms. • He classified animals and plants

DETERMINING KINGDOMS

•  Carolous Linnaeus – (1700s) classified organisms, based on similar structures, into kingdoms. •  Robert H. Whittaker – 1969 - created a 5

kingdom system •  The 5 kingdoms: •  Monera •  Protista •  Plantae •  Fungi •  Animalia

DETERMINING DOMAINS

•  Systematics – uses all evidence known to classify organisms •  The evidence includes: •  Cell type •  Habitat •  How it obtains food & energy •  Structures and functions •  Common ancestry •  Molecular analysis

• All organisms are classified into 3 domains: • Bacteria • Archaea • Eukarya • Protists, fungi, plantae, animalia

SCIENTIFIC NAMES

•  Binomial Nomenclature: naming system that gives each organism a two-word scientific name of a species.

•  Species – a group of organisms that have similar traits and are able to produce fertile offspring

•  Genus – a group of similar species. 1st word is the genus name and the 2nd word describes appearance or behavior.

CLASSIFICATION TOOLS

• Dichotomous key – a series of descriptions arranged in pairs that lead the user to the identification of an unknown organism.

• Cladogram – a a branched diagram that shows the relationships among organisms, including common ancestors • Each branch shows a new characteristic