Classifying Primary Industries

• Primary activities• UK Coal mining industry

Primary activitiesDefinition-

“Economic activities which produce food, fuel, and raw materials, e.g. agriculture, mining, quarrying, fisheries, forestry and primary energy production”

Primary activitiesActivity CharacteristicsAgriculture The cultivation of crops and the tending

of animals

Forestry The Production of trees and timber

Fishing The harvesting of fish from the sea and rivers

Mining/Quarrying The extraction of minerals from the Earth’s crust

Primary Energy The harnessing of power produced directly, e.g. hydroelectric and wind power

Questions-a) Describe the main features of the world pattern of the percentages employed in agriculture shown above (on your map)b) Choose two continents and explain the differences

Oil- Oil- production and reservesproduction and reserves

Many countries have some commercial oil depositsNearly 2 thirds are in the Middle EastAfrica has almost as much oil in reserve as North AmericaSo why is Africa so poor?Only 4 African countries have realreal oil deposits (Algeria, Libya, Nigeria and Angola)

Oil in the world today

MechanisationMechanisationThe use of machines in place of manual labour or the use of animals. Until the 1700s there were few machines available to help people in the home, on the land, or in industry. There were no factories, only cottage industries, in which people carried out work, such as weaving, in their own homes for other people. The 1700s saw a long series of inventions, initially in the textile industry, that ushered in a machine age and brought about the Industrial Revolution.

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Mining/Quarrying have all been affected directly by mechanisation

The problems faced by primary producers

Sustainability?Problems-

soil erosiontotal deforestationover-fishing

This all means economic opportunities are declining

Generally, primary workers receive lower wagesThis means a lot has to be done to earn a modest salaryThe reason-

Raw materials are at the bottom end of the production Raw materials are at the bottom end of the production process- process- no value has been addedno value has been added

The problems faced by primary producers

Now have a go at the questions on the Now have a go at the questions on the worksheetworksheet

Changes in UK Coal mining industryA case study

UK coal-mining industryThis case study demonstrates the changes that have affected a primary industry. The emphasis is on the more recent changesIt is certainly in your exam!

UK Coal-Mining You need to:

be able to describe and explain the reasons for the decline of the UK Coal industryunderstand the economic, social and environmental consequences of the decline

Your tasks-For next week you need to have: researched into the changes in the UK coal mining industry

remember to look specifically at economic, environmental and social consequences of the decline

Answer questions 1, 2 and 3 from the photocopy (Page 241)