classroom library co. test prep catalog

Research & Education Association

www.classroomlibrarycompany.com

www.rea.com 30% Off

No Minimum Order

REA Test Preps & Study Guides for Today’s High School Students – 2014

2 Classroom Library Company www.classroomlibrarycompany.com

All prices in this catalog are in U.S. dollars.

All Timed-Exam CD-Software is for Windows ONLY.

Quick Access®

Page

12

REA has the test preps & study guides high school students need

BIOLOGY

Research & Education Association • For complete list of titles, visit www.rea.com/quickaccess

D. ENDOCYTOSIS – cell encloses material (in-cludes phagocytosis of solid particles); a form of active transport

E. EXOCYTOSIS – cell discharges vacuole- enclosed material; a form of active transport

METABOLIC AND ENERGY-PRODUCING PATHWAYS

A. ENZYME – protein catalyst speeds reaction by lowering energy of activation1. Substrate – molecule on which enzyme acts2. Coenzyme – binds briefly to enzymes;

activates and assists enzymes3. ATP – adenosine triphosphate; energy stored

in phosphate-phosphate bonds; energy released when bonds are hydrolyzed

4. NAD – nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; part of electron transport system

B. PHOTOSYNTHESIS – chloroplasts – 6CO2 + 6H2O + (light, chlorophyll) → C6H12O6 + 6O2

C. CELLULAR RESPIRATION – generates ATP1. Glycolysis – initial stage of respiration –

cytoplasm – anaerobic – activation of glucose (by ATP), with production of pyruvate (net gain of 2 ATP)

2. Krebs (citric acid) cycle – second stage of respiration – mitochondria – aerobic – pyruvate broken down with production of CO2, 2 ATP, and many electron carriers

3. Electron (hydrogen) transport chain – third stage of respiration – mitochondria – aerobic – hydrogen and electrons stripped from carriers with production of 32 ATP

DNAA. NUCLEOTIDES – subunits of nucleic acids

1. Phosphate2. Sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA)3. Nitrogenous base (four in DNA): Adenine (A),

Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)

NH2

CN

N N

CC

NCH

H

C

O

H H

OH OH

HH

CH2O

O–

O

–O P Nitrogenousbase

Sugar (deoxyribose)

Phosphate

B. STRUCTURE OF DNA1. Sugar-phosphate groups – sugar is deoxyri-

bose2. Nucleotides3. Double helix – sugar-phosphate groups form

backbone (sides of “ladder”), pairs of nucleo-tides form “rungs of ladder”; nucleotide pairs joined by hydrogen bonds; A always pairs with T, C always pairs with G

MOLECULAR GENETICSA. DEFINITIONS

1. Gene – a location on a chromosome; typi-cally codes for one polypeptide

2. Alleles – different forms of a gene3. Chromosome – structure made up of DNA

and associated proteins4. Genotype – genetic makeup of an organism5. Phenotype – visible expression of genetic

makeup

CLASSIFICATIONA. LEVELS OF TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATON

– (largest to smallest) Domain, Kingdom, Phy-lum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

B. TREE OF LIFEDomain Bacteria

Domain Archaea

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Eubacteria(single-celled)

Kingdom Archaebacteria(single-celled)

Kingdom Protista(multicellular and singled-cell)

Kingdom Fungi(some single-celled; most multicellular)

Kingdom Plantae(multicellular)

Kingdom Animalia(multicellular)

CELL BIOLOGYA. CELL THEORY

1. All living things are made up of one or more cells.

2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function.

3. All cells come from existing cells.B. PROKARYOTIC CELL STRUCTURE

1. Plasma membrane – regulates what enters and leaves the cell

2. Flagellum – locomotion3. Ribosomes – sites of protein production

(RNA) – protein synthesis4. Pili – used for attachment to other bacteria

or to a host5. Plasmid – small circle of DNA separate from

main chromosome loop6. Cell wall – protection and support

Capsule

Cell wall

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Pili

Bacterial flagellum

DNA

C. EUKARYOTIC CELL STRUCTURE 1. Plasma membrane – regulation of internal

environment 2. Mitochondria – membrane-enclosed –

energy-producing reactions 3. Chloroplasts – plants – photosynthesis 4. Lysosomes – storage for digestive enzymes 5. Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (SER) –

protein and lipid synthesis 6. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) – pro-

duces, modifi es, and transports proteins – has ribosomes attached

7. Ribosomes – particles composed of ribo-nucleic acid (RNA) – protein synthesis

8. Golgi apparatus – stores, modifies, and packages secretory products

9. Peroxisomes – contain oxidative enzymes10. Vacuoles – fl uid-fi lled spaces – storage11. Cell wall – plants – protection and support

12. Centriole, centrosome – animal cells – cell division

13. Cilia, fl agella – locomotion and ingestion14. Nucleolus – in nucleus – ribosome synthesis

Plant Cell

PlasmaMembrane

GolgiApparatus

Peroxisome

Cytoplasm

RoughEndoplasmic

Reticulum

Chloroplast Mitochondria

Vacuole

Plasmodesmata

RibosomesSmooth

EndoplasmicReticulum

Nucleus

NucleolusNuclear

Envelope

CellWall

D. LIMITATIONS ON CELL SIZE – As cell size increases, surface area-to-volume ratio increases. If the ratio becomes too high, the cell surface is not large enough to carry out its function. It can-not allow materials into or out of the cell quickly enough to support necessary life processes.

E. STRUCTURE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE

EXCHANGE BETWEEN CELL AND ENVIRONMENT

A. DIFFUSION – movement of ions or molecules down a concentration gradient

B. OSMOSIS – movement of water molecules across a membrane down a concentration gradient1. Isotonic medium – same solute concentra-

tion as cell2. Hypertonic medium – higher solute concen-

tration than cell; cell loses H2O (shrinks)3. Hypotonic medium – lower solute concen-

tration than cell; cell gains H2O (expands)C. ACTIVE TRANSPORT – movement against

a concentration gradient; requires energy input from cell

QA Biology.indd 1 6/23/11 12:39 PM

AP ALL ACCESS™

Page

4

NEW

REA’s family of test preps and study guides is built around expert content, true-to-format practice tests, and a standard of quality that’s lasted for over 50 years. Many of our new titles come with integrated testing packages featuring online quizzes and practice tests with diagnostic feedback.

ACT, PSAT, SAT

Page

8

Research & Education Association

PARCC Assessment

Page

3

NEW

30% Off No Minimum

Order

Planet Friendly Publishing ✔ Made in the USA ✔ Printed on recycled paper. Learn more: www.greenedition.org

At REA we’re committed to producing books in an Earth-friendly manner and to helping our customers make greener choices.

Look for the ✱ next to each green edition title throughout this catalog.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

PARCC Assessment: ELA

ELA Literacy, Common Core Aligned ...........3

TEST PREPS

Advanced Placement ...................................4 All Access™

Crash Course®

AP Test Preps with CD

College Admission .......................................8 ACT, PSAT & SAT

College Placement & GED® ..........................9 ACCuPLACEr & ComPASS GED®

ESL & ASVAB .............................................10

STUDY GUIDES

mAXnotes® Literature Study Guides ...........11

Quick Access® ............................................12

TITLE INDEX ...........................................14

ORDER FORM .........................................15

3To order: Call 1-888-318-2665 Fax 1-877-716-7272

Take Control of the Common Core with REA’s PARCC Assessment ELA Study Guides

The educational landscape is changing and REA is at the forefront of the new PARCC (Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers) assessments that millions of students will soon face. These targeted study guides are designed for teachers and students in PARCC states and are fully aligned with the Common Core standards.

n Covers Must-Know PARCC Performance-Based Tasks: Each chapter includes step-by-step instruction and practice for every topic tested on the PARCC English Language Arts/Literacy exams.

n Written by an Expert: Our author is a curriculum expert who has studied the format and content of the Common Core standards and the PARCC ELA guidelines. Each lesson follows the Common Core standards.

n Handy Guides for Students and Teachers: These books bring the Common Core down to the classroom level, deciphering what it all means to the way students are taught. Our author gives teachers practical guidance on how the ELA/Literacy assessments should shape their teaching methods and lesson plans.

What Are the Common Core State Standards (CCSS)?

The Common Core State Standards Initiative is a state-led effort coordinated by the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and the Council of Chief State School Officers. The standards provide teachers and parents with an understanding of what students are expected to learn. Consistent standards provide appropriate benchmarks for all students, regardless of where they live. These standards define the knowledge and skills students should have within their K-12 education so they will graduate high school and be able to succeed in entry-level, credit-bearing academic college courses and in workforce-training programs.

TEsT PrEPs: PArCC ELA

TiTLE iSBN 13 iSBN 10 PAGES PRiCE

Ready, Set, Go! Common Core

PARCC Assessment: ELA Literacy Grades 6-8 978-0-7386-1168-6 0-7386-1168-9 416 $18.95

PARCC Assessment: ELA Literacy Grades 9-12 978-0-7386-1167-9 0-7386-1167-0 416 $18.95

ALL ACCESS


ALL ACCESS™

TiTLE iSBN 13 iSBN 10 PAgES PriCE

AP ALL ACCESS™

AP Biology All Access✱ 978-0-7386-1081-8 0-7386-1081-X 384 $22.95

AP Calculus AB/BC All Access✱ 978-0-7386-1084-9 0-7386-1084-4 432 $22.95

AP Chemistry All Access✱ 2nd Ed. January 2014 978-0-7386-1153-2 0-7386-1153-0 416 $22.95

AP English Language & Composition All Access✱ 978-0-7386-1083-2 0-7386-1083-6 288 $19.95

AP Environmental Science All Access✱ 978-0-7386-1082-5 0-7386-1082-8 288 $22.95

AP European History All Access✱ 978-0-7386-1023-8 0-7386-1023-2 576 $18.95

AP French Language & Culture All Access✱ 978-0-7386-1060-3 0-7386-1060-7 448 $26.95

AP Human Geography All Access✱ 978-0-7386-1059-7 0-7386-1059-3 352 $22.95

AP Micro/Macroeconomics All Access✱ 978-0-7386-1085-6 0-7386-1085-2 448 $22.95

AP Psychology All Access✱ 978-0-7386-1026-9 0-7386-1026-7 528 $18.95

AP Spanish Language & Culture All Access✱ January 2014 978-0-7386-1155-6 0-7386-1155-7 416 $26.95

AP Statistics All Access✱ 978-0-7386-1058-0 0-7386-1058-5 320 $18.95

AP U.S. Government & Politics All Access✱ 978-0-7386-1024-5 0-7386-1024-0 288 $18.95

AP U.S. History All Access✱ 978-0-7386-1057-3 0-7386-1057-7 576 $19.95

AP World History All Access✱ 978-0-7386-1025-2 0-7386-1025-9 480 $18.95

What’s included in the AP all access™ study system?

n Comprehensive review book with test-taking strategiesn Each book comes with access to a suite of online tools at the REA Study Center:

rave reviews for rEA’s AP all access™:

“ The AP Psychology All Access book helped me immensely when preparing for the AP exam. The book saved hours of my time and provided all the necessary information I needed to know on the exam. I owe my 5 to All Access!” —J. Zhang, AP Student

“ All Access has really helped me in AP European History. It focused on the important topics and I now understand the material much better.” —R. Bani, AP Student

• 6 to 8 topic-level quizzes• 2 mini-tests • Full-length practice test

• Diagnostic score reporting • 100 e-Flashcards with ability to create

personalized cards

NEW

NEW

NEWNEWNEWNEW

TesT

Pre

Ps: ad

vance

d P

lace

men

T

55To order: Call 1-888-318-2665 Fax 1-877-716-7272

ALL ACCESS™

Only REA has the all-in-one BOOK + WEB + MOBILE study system for 3.2 million AP exam test-takers!

AP All AccEss™ combines 3 components into 1 study system

see how AP All AccEss™ helps students ace their APs. Visit: www.rea.com/allaccess

BOOK: A complete subject ReviewOur book gives students a targeted review of the material they’ll be expected to know on test day, presented with proven tips and strategies for answering every question type.

WEB: REA study centerThe online REA Study Center offers the most powerful scor-ing analysis and diagnostic tools available today. Using chapter quizzes, mini-tests, and a full-length practice exam, the Study Center pinpoints students’ strengths and weaknesses and helps them raise their scores by showing them exactly where to focus their study.

MOBILE: E-FlashcardsREA’s AP Flashcard app helps students customize their study and practice where they need it the most. Students create their own unique flashcards or study the 100 cards included with the book. And, since students can access the flashcards online or on a smart-phone, they can practice anytime they have a free moment.

REA’s AP All Access groundbreaking study system integrates a book with a suite of online and mobile tools to help AP students personalize their prep and make the most of their study time.

No other publisher offers this unique product.

TesT PrePs: advan

ced Placem

enT


CrASH COUrSE®

Over 300,000 students can’t be wrong — REA’s AP Crash Course® gets results!

A focused, faster way to study:

n Crash Course books target only the important topics tested on AP exams

n Presented in an easy-to-follow outline format

n Gives students effective test-taking strategies to increase their test scores

n Full-length online practice test prepares students for exam day:

• Topic-level diagnostics pinpoint students‘ strengths and weaknesses

• Complete answer explanations with detailed feedback on every question

• True-to-format practice test includes timed testing and automatic scoring


AP Crash Course®

AP Art History Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-1004-7 0-7386-1004-6 224 $14.95

AP Biology Crash Course✱ 2nd Ed. 978-0-7386-1099-3 0-7386-1099-2 224 $14.95

AP Calculus AB & BC Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-0887-7 0-7386-0887-4 224 $14.95

AP Chemistry Crash Course✱ 2nd Ed. January 2014 978-0-7386-1154-9 0-7386-1154-9 224 $14.95

AP English Language & Composition Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-0783-2 0-7386-0783-5 288 $14.95

AP English Literature & Composition Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-0782-5 0-7386-0782-7 240 $14.95

AP Environmental Science Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-0931-7 0-7386-0931-5 288 $14.95

AP European History Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-0661-3 0-7386-0661-8 272 $14.95

AP Human Geography Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-0932-4 0-7386-0932-3 240 $12.95

AP Macroeconomics Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-0971-3 0-7386-0971-4 304 $14.95

AP Microeconomics Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-0972-0 0-7386-0972-2 208 $12.95

AP Physics B Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-0934-8 0-7386-0934-X 224 $14.95

AP Psychology Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-0781-8 0-7386-0781-9 240 $14.95

AP Statistics Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-0888-4 0-7386-0888-2 240 $14.95

AP U.S. Government & Politics Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-0809-9 0-7386-0809-2 192 $14.95

AP U.S. History Crash Course✱ 2nd Ed. 978-0-7386-0813-6 0-7386-0813-0 240 $14.95

AP World History Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-0696-5 0-7386-0696-0 320 $14.95

The Fastest Way to raise AP Scores

See what students and teachers say about rEA’s crash course®:

“ This book (AP U.S. History Crash Course) saved me hours of studying and helped me achieve a 5 on my AP exam. My whole AP class went out and bought it, and it helped us all.” — R. Amalfitano, AP Student, Ridgefield Park, NJ

“ If it had not been for the AP Crash Course, our students would have been discouraged and floundered. The book is a marvelous tool that helps students make connections and see relationships that cement their learning. The author skillfully includes proven hints and pivotal topic summaries. The AP Crash Course is not only a tool for test preparation, but a study companion to consult as the course develops.”

— C. Fisher, AP Teacher, Moorhead High School, Moorhead, MN

:

NEW

TesT

Pre

Ps: ad

vance

d P

lace

men

T

77To order: Call 1-888-318-2665 Fax 1-877-716-7272

AP TEST PrEPS WiTH CD

n Bound in an easy-to-use, organized book, unlike loose flashcards in a box

n Contain hundreds of must-study questions– covering all history topics tested on the exam

n Offer a smart way to gauge AP test-readiness–students write their answer to a question on the front of the card, then compare it to the answer on the back of the card

n Make a great study companion–can be used with any textbook or REA’s AP test preps

n The most complete subject reviews –written by high school faculty with extensive AP experience

n The best practice tests – based on AP exam questions released by the College Board—balanced to include every topic & question type on the exam

n Total explanations of answers – each test comes with detailed feedback on every question. We don’t just say which answers are right, we explain why the other answer choices are wrong.

n The most advanced AP software bundled with REA books:

• Timed, full-length practice exams with automatic scoring and diagnostic feedback

• Detailed explanations for every exam question

• On-screen tutorial gets students started right away


APs

AP Art History✱ 3rd Ed., plus Timed-Exam CD-Software 978-0-7386-1075-7 0-7386-1075-5 528 $29.95

AP Latin Vergil✱ 2nd Ed., plus Timed-Exam CD-Software 978-0-7386-0706-1 0-7386-0706-1 640 $29.95

AP Physics B & C✱ 6th Ed., plus Timed-Exam CD-Software 978-0-7386-0623-1 0-7386-0623-5 480 $29.95

rEA’s AP Test Preps with Practice Tests on CD

rEA’s AP History Flashcard Books — Perfect for study, for reference, for quick review


AP Flashcard Books

AP European History Flashcard Book 978-0-7386-0507-4 0-7386-0507-7 576 $12.95

AP European History Flashcard Book Premium Edition with CD 978-0-7386-0508-1 0-7386-0508-5 576 $16.95

AP U.S. History Flashcard Book 978-0-7386-0394-0 0-7386-0394-5 704 $12.95

AP U.S. History Flashcard Book Premium Edition with CD 978-0-7386-0503-6 0-7386-0503-4 704 $16.95

AP World History Flashcard Book Premium Edition with CD 978-0-7386-0504-3 0-7386-0504-2 448 $16.95

Premium Editions with CD contain history timelines and test-readiness quizzes – so students can test what they’ve learned.

:

TesT PrePs: advan

ced Placem

enT


TesT

Pre

Ps: co

lleg

e ad

mis

sion

ACT, PSAT & SAT

REA’s College Admission Prep — ACT, PSAT & SATREA’s test preps help students score higher on their College Admission exams.

n Written by education experts, our targeted review chapters focus on every topic tested on the official exam

n Our practice tests replicate the format of the exams, allowing students to assess their skills and gauge their test-readiness before exam day

n Most test preps come with practice tests on CD or online (trim sizes vary based on series)

TiTlE iSBN 13 iSBN 10 PAgES PRiCE

ACT

ACT Assessment Plus Writing Test✱ 6th Ed. plus Timed-Exam CD-Software 978-0-7386-0807-5 0-7386-0807-6 1,056 $29.95

ACT, Bob Miller’s Math for the✱ 2nd Ed. 978-0-7386-1096-2 0-7386-1096-8 336 $15.95

ACT Strategy Smart✱ 978-0-7386-1009-2 0-7386-1009-7 400 $18.95

PSAT & SAT

PSAT/NMSQT, Your Total Solution✱ plus Timed-Exam CD-Software 978-0-7386-0925-6 0-7386-0925-0 592 $22.95

SAT, 7 Days to a Better Score 978-0-7386-0084-0 0-7386-0084-9 416 $16.95

SAT, Your Total Solution✱ 3rd Ed., plus Timed-Exam CD-Software 978-0-7386-0869-3 0-7386-0869-6 880 $24.95

SAT Vocabulary Flashcard Book 978-0-87891-169-1 0-87891-169-3 688 $12.95

SAT Vocabulary Flashcard Book 2nd Ed., Premium Edition with CD 978-0-7386-0906-5 0-7386-0906-4 688 $14.95

SAT Subject Test: Latin✱ 2nd Ed., plus Timed-Exam CD-Software 978-0-7386-1076-4 0-7386-1076-3 608 $22.95

SAT Subject Test: Literature 4th Ed. 978-0-7386-0417-6 0-7386-0417-8 304 $16.95

SAT Subject Test: Spanish 5th Ed., plus Timed-Exam CD-Software 978-0-7386-0252-3 0-7386-0252-3 480 $21.95

SAT Subject Test: U.S. History 7th Ed., plus Timed-Exam CD-Software 978-0-7386-0296-7 0-7386-0296-5 640 $21.95

SAT Subject Test: U.S. History Flashcard Book Premium Edition with CD 978-0-7386-0705-4 0-7386-0705-3 400 $14.95

SAT Subject Test: World History plus Timed-Exam CD-Software 978-0-7386-0251-6 0-7386-0251-5 560 $21.95

SAT Subject Test Crash Course

SAT Subject Test: Biology E/M Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-1033-7 0-7386-1033-X 416 $12.95

SAT Subject Test: Chemistry Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-1034-4 0-7386-1034-8 256 $12.95

SAT Subject Test: Math Level 2 Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-1032-0 0-7386-1032-1 336 $12.95

ACE the ACT with ACT Strategy Smart!

ACT Strategy Smart helps college-bound students raise their score on the ACT and get into the college of their dreams. Authored by About.com’s

test prep specialist, ACT Strategy Smart gives students test-taking strategies they need to know before exam day. The author focuses on the content of the ACT, explains the concepts tested, and offers strategies, tips, and pointers on how to answer questions correctly. Practice tests based on actual ACT questions are online at REA’s Study Center.

9To order: Call 1-888-318-2665 Fax 1-877-716-7272

COllEgE PlACEMENT & gED®

College Placement — ACCuPlACER & COMPASS Prep


GED® — High School Equivalency ExamGED® Math Test Tutor✱ 978-0-7386-1136-5 0-7386-1136-0 320 $17.95

GED® Test, REA’s Total Solution for the✱ with Online Tests 978-0-7386-1135-8 0-7386-1135-2 800 $24.95

n Written by education expertsn Practice tests replicate the format of the exam, allowing

students to assess their test-readiness before exam day

n Targeted review chapters focus on every topic tested on the official exam

n Proven test-taking strategies that ensure students are well prepared for their exam

The ACCuplACER is a computer-adaptive placement exam taken by over 2.5 million college-bound students each year. The test is given by high schools, technical schools, community col-leges, and four-year colleges to determine the English language, writing, and math skills of incoming students.

The COMpASS is a computer-adaptive college placement exam used by high schools, technical schools, community colleges, and four-year colleges across the country. It evaluates the English language, writing, and math skill levels of incoming students. Last year, approximately 2.5 million students took the exam.

In January 2014, the GED Testing Service® is launching an entirely new GED® exam. This new computer-based assessment will provide adults the opportunity to earn a high school equivalency diploma, in addition to measuring career- and college-readiness skills.

REA’s new GED® test preps are completely aligned with the content and format of the 2014 exam. Comprehensive reviews plus full-length practice exams help students prepare for the new exam and succeed in their educational goals.

GED® Math Test Tutor• Focused coverage for the new 2014 GED®

Mathematical Reasoning test• Get comfortable with all the new question types• Hundreds of hints, shortcuts, and exercises

reinforce key points• 2 full-length GED® Math practice tests

REA’s Total Solution for the GED® Test• Detailed coverage of how the new GED® test works• 4 online diagnostic tests (1 for each test section)• Targeted review for all test sections• 2 full-length practice tests

The Best Test Preps for the gED® from REA


ACCUPLACER

ACCUPLACER, Bob Miller’s Math Prep for the✱ 978-0-7386-0673-6 0-7386-0673-1 368 $18.95

ACCUPLACER, Doug French’s Verbal Prep for the✱ 978-0-7386-0965-2 0-7386-0965-X 288 $17.95

COMPASS

COMPASS Exam, Bob Miller’s Math Prep for the✱ 978-0-7386-1002-3 0-7386-1002-X 320 $17.95

COMPASS Exam, Doug French’s Verbal Prep for the✱ 978-0-7386-1003-0 0-7386-1003-8 272 $18.95

TesT PrePs: colleg

e Placemen

T & g

ed®


ESL & ASVABTe

sT P

rePs

: es

L & A

sVAB

REA’s Vocational Test Preps – Practical Prep for Career-Related Exams

REA’s ESL Grammar: Intermediate & Advanced is perfect for intermediate and advanced high school and college-level non-native speakers of English who need to improve their grammar skills.

• Thorough coverage of English grammar concepts

• Packed with skill-building exercises and examples

• 250 customizable e-flashcards allow students to practice anytime, anywhere. Our online flashcards pinpoint strengths and weaknesses and identify areas where students need extra study.

ASVABThe ASVAB is the most widely used multiple-aptitude test battery in the world. It is required by the Armed Forces for new recruits joining the military after high school. REA’s ASVAB test preps give test-takers everything they need to prepare for the exam.

TiTLE iSBN 13 iSBN 10 PAgES PRiCE

ESL

ESL Beginner, 3rd Ed. 978-0-7386-1100-6 0-7386-1100-X 400 $17.95

ESL Beginner* Premium Ed. 978-0-7386-1128-0 0-7386-1128-X 408 $24.95

ESL Grammar: Intermediate & Advanced✱ 978-0-7386-0101-4 0-7386-0101-2 384 $19.95

ESL Grammar Intermediate and Advanced* Premium Ed. 978-0-7386-1109-9 0-7386-1109-3 384 $24.95

ESL Mathematics for Standardized Tests 978-0-7386-0138-0 0-7386-0138-1 448 $19.95

ESL Vocabulary Flashcard Book plus Flashcards on CD 978-0-7386-0909-6 0-7386-0909-9 352 $16.95

ESL Writing: Intermediate & Advanced✱ 978-0-7386-0122-9 0-7386-0122-5 312 $19.95

English the American Way: A Fun ESL Guide to Language and Culture✱ with Audio CD 978-0-7386-0676-7 0-7386-0676-6 288 $19.95

TiTLE iSBN 13 iSBN 10 PAgES PRiCE

Civil Service & Vocational

ASVAB AFQT Crash Course✱ 978-0-7386-0904-1 0-7386-0904-8 224 $12.95

ASVAB Flashcard Book 978-0-7386-0908-9 0-7386-0908-0 560 $15.95

ASVAB, Your Total Solution✱ 7th Ed. 978-0-7386-0642-2 0-7386-0642-1 576 $20.95

ASVAB, Your Total Solution✱ 7th Ed., plus Timed-Exam CD-Software 978-0-7386-0643-9 0-7386-0643-X 576 $26.95

3

ChAPTER 1

all You need To know abouT

The asVab

whaT we’ll CoVer in This ChapTer

n asVaB basics

n test-taking strategies

n College-level exams

preparing for The asVab

By reviewing and studying this book, you can achieve a top score on the ASVAB. The ASVAB

assesses knowledge that you’ve gained throughout your high school career. Most of the knowledge

tested on the ASVAB is covered in your high school classes, although you may find some unfa-

miliar or less studied subjects. Don’t panic! We provide carefully constructed reviews and practice

drills so you can learn the information you’ll need to do well on the ASVAB.

The purpose of our book and TestWare® is to properly prepare you for the ASVAB by providing

a diagnostic test plus three full-length exams that accurately reflect the test in both types of questions

and degree of difficulty. The practice exams include every type of question that can be expected, and

detailed explanations are provided for every answer. Designed specifically to clarify the exam mate-

rial, the explanations not only provide the correct answers, but also tell you why a particular answer

is more acceptable than any other response. The TestWare® offers the added benefit of enforced time

conditions to more accurately reflect your experience on test day. By completing all the exams and

studying the explanations, you can discover your strengths and weaknesses. This knowledge will

allow you to concentrate on the sections of the exam you find most difficult.

You can take the ASVAB as early as your sophomore year in high school. If

you take the ASVAB as a sophomore your score will not be used for joining

the military. If you have to take the test again, you can retake the ASVAB after

30 days, and again 30 days later.

IntellIgence RepoRtabouT The asVab

ASVAB-Software Only Pages.indd 3

2/14/12 11:52 AM

44 ESL Intermediate Grammar

{ } {

{ } { } {

EXERCISE 19

Write the comparative forms.

1. famous 9. fi endish 17. childlike 25. selfi sh

2. helpful 10. morose 18. alive

3. pensive 11. cutting 19. fl agrant

4. captive 12. clever 20. fragrant

5. exact 13. normal 21. callous

6. loving 14. sheepish 22. forward

7. daring 15. festive 23. grateful

8. basic 16. glorious 24. useless

Sometimes it is better to use an antonym rather than to try to use the [less +

adjective] pattern.

Paul is shorter than Danny.

Jane is younger than her cousins.

Use the same pattern for sentences as mentioned above.

subject + verb + MORE +

adjective + THAN + noun

LESS adverb pronoun

This problem seems more diffi cult than that one.

Larry fi nished his work more quickly than Tom.

Since his accident, Lou is less able to play golf than before.

I don’t believe Leslie acts less capably than Brian.

To indicate a greater degree of comparison, use much or far plus the

comparison form. Much and far can be used interchangeably in the comparison.

subject + verb + MUCH + comparative + THAN +

noun

FAR pronoun

029-060 ESL Gram_02.indd 44

3/10/11 9:44 AM

ESL Grammer Intermediate & Advanced Premium Ed. w/ Common Pgs

4 Armed Services Vocational Battery

Once you take the test, you and your guidance counselor or your recruiter will receive a written

report that analyzes your test scores and explains in what elds you might excel based not only on

the test scores, but also on the type of interests and lifestyle you wish to pursue.

If you have a question about your scores, you can contact your local military recruiting of ce,

or speak to your guidance counselor.

There are three versions of the ASVAB:

MET-Site ASVAB : Paper-and-pencil test administered by military recruiters at a satellite test site.

CAT-ASVAB : Computer-adaptive test administered by military recruiters at a Military Entrance

Processing Station (MEPS).

Student ASVAB: Paper-and-pencil test administered in high school.

ASVAB Test Content

The ASVAB contains eight, nine, or ten subtests (or sections), depending upon which version

of the ASVAB you take, each of which is individually scored. The following chart shows you the

subtests you will encounter and gives a brief description of each, as well as the time allowed and

the number of questions.

The ASVAB was originally designed to predict future academic and

occupational success in military occupations. Since it was introduced in

1968, studies indicate that the ASVAB assesses academic ability and predicts

success in a wide variety of occupations.

BACKGROUND REPORT

There’s no pass or fail on the ASVAB. You can’t “beat” it or “fl unk” it and

ASVAB scores are good for two years.

INTELLIGENCE REPORT

Your scores in four critical areas—Arithmetic Reasoning, Word Knowledge, Para-

graph Comprehension, and Mathematics Knowledge—count toward your Armed

Forces Qualifying Test (AFQT) score. The AFQT score determines whether you’re

qualifi ed to enlist in the military. Your scores on the other subtests will determine

how qualifi ed you are for certain military occupational specialties.

INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY

The ASVAB, given at more than 14,000 schools and Military Entrance Processing Stations

(MEPS) nationwide and developed and maintained by the Department of Defense, is the most widely

used multiple-aptitude test battery in the world. The ASVAB is required by the Armed Forces for

new recruits joining one of the branches of the military following high school. The scores aid in the

placement of recruits into military occupations. The scores are also helpful, but not a requirement, in

choosing an academic or vocational plan to be followed after high school graduation.

ASVAB-Non Software Only-November 2009.indb 4

12/2/09 3:13:27 AM

ASVAB-Non Software Only-November 2009

Open a World of Opportunity with REA’s ESL Resources

68 ESL Intermediate Grammar

EXERCISE 33

For each sentence, replace the words in parentheses with one of the

frequency adverbs in the list that means the same or nearly the same. Some

may be repeated.

Example: Jeff barely knew Mandy when they married after a short engage-

ment. (almost not at all)

never rarely barely scarcely occasionally

seldom usually generally often frequently

always sometimes hardly (ever)

1. Deborah _____________ visits her grandmother. (every day)

2. Allen _____________ gets low grades on his tests. (almost never)

3. Leonardo _____________ studies in the library. (many days)

4. Has Marina _____________ gone to a rock concert? (not one time)

5. Chris and Joe have _____________ watched a baseball game on television.

(only two times)

6. My friends and I_____________ go to the shopping mall. (three times every

month)

7. I _____________ ever see you anymore. (not very much)

8. Sandy and her husband _____________ eat dinner at a restaurant. (maybe

once a month)

9. We _____________ receive junk mail at home. (almost every day)

061-074 ESL Gram_03.indd 68

3/10/11 9:45 AM

ESL Grammer Intermediate & Advanced Premium Ed. w/ Common Pgs

Unit 2: Getting Around | 9

Unit

2Getting Around

No car? No problem!

There are plenty of ways to get

around. Most cities and towns have

an effi cient mass transit system; that

is, they have buses or trains to get

you where you need to go.

Often, you may need to take a bus

to the train station. Sometimes it can

be complicated to figure out which bus or train will take you where, but

there is help! Most cities have a special department just to provide that

information. You can call the transit company to ask. When you call the

company, you will need to tell them where you are and where you need

to go. You can also ask if you need exact change for the bus. Drivers

usually can’t accept cash.

Riding the Bus

This WayThis Way

ETAW_BookFile_Nov2010.indb 1

11/15/10 4:53:37 PM

English the American Way_November 2010

11To order: Call 1-888-318-2665 Fax 1-877-716-7272

MAX

notes® LITerATU

re sTUdy g

UId

esMAxnotes® LiTERATURE

Mr. Jones

Snowball

Squealer

Napolean

Old Major

A Glance at Some of the Characters

Benjamin

Boxer

Mr. Pinkington

MN Animal Farm_FM.indd 6

9/19/11 12:36 PM

S E C T I O N O N E

Introduction

The Life and Work of George Orwell

George Orwell was born Eric Hugh Blair in 1903 in Motihari,

Bengal, India. He was the second of three children, and the only

boy, born to Richard and Ida Blair. His elder sister, Marjorie, and

his younger sister, Avril, completed this middle-class Anglo-Indian

family. His dour, discouraging father was an agent in the Opium

Department of the British Civil Service. As was the custom with such

middle-class children born abroad, he was sent back to England

for his education. His mother, a modern, rather left-wing woman

and militant suffragette, accompanied him.

Orwell attended the best English schools, including Eton Col-

lege (1917-1921), a school that epitomized “traditional” British

education. Poorer than the other students and feeling insecure

about himself, he never quite fit in with the rest of his classmates.

Politically, he had difficulty accepting the world of British imperi-

alism that surrounded him. These feelings of being an “outsider,”

coupled with Orwell’s firm belief (which he expressed early in his

life to friends and family) that he felt fated to become a “great

writer,” affected the course of his entire life. Influenced by his

mother’s “revolutionary” politics and charged by his own political

ideas, Orwell ultimately turned to a writing career.

However, when he graduated from Eton College in 1921, Orwell

briefly followed the family tradition and entered civil service as a

member of the Indian Imperial Police in Burma. He served in this

position from 1922 to 1927, gathering material for his two most

MN Animal Farm New.indd 1

9/14/11 5:04 PM

TiTLE iSBN 13 iSBN 10 PAgES PRiCEAnimal Farm George Orwell 978-0-87891-988-8 0-87891-988-0 96 $3.95

Antony and Cleopatra William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-002-1 0-87891-002-6 128 $3.95

As You Like It William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-003-8 0-87891-003-4 120 $3.95

The Autobiography of Malcolm X Alex Haley 978-0-87891-004-5 0-87891-004-2 104 $3.95

Beloved Toni Morrison 978-0-87891-006-9 0-87891-006-9 96 $3.95

The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer 978-0-87891-994-9 0-87891-994-5 136 $3.95

The Color Purple Alice Walker 978-0-87891-009-0 0-87891-009-3 128 $3.95

Emma Jane Austen 978-0-87891-012-0 0-87891-012-3 128 $3.95

Frankenstein Mary Shelley 978-0-87891-014-4 0-87891-014-X 104 $3.95

Gone with the Wind Margaret Mitchell 978-0-87891-955-0 0-87891-955-4 144 $3.95

The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck 978-0-87891-947-5 0-87891-947-3 96 $3.95

Great Expectations Charles Dickens 978-0-87891-954-3 0-87891-954-6 144 $3.95

The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald 978-0-87891-942-0 0-87891-942-2 96 $3.95

Gulliver's Travels Jonathan Swift 978-0-87891-015-1 0-87891-015-8 112 $3.95

Hamlet William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-952-9 0-87891-952-X 96 $3.95

Henry IV, Part I William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-018-2 0-87891-018-2 96 $3.95

Henry V William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-019-9 0-87891-019-0 136 $3.95

The Iliad Homer 978-0-87891-993-2 0-87891-993-7 112 $3.95

Jane Eyre Charlotte Brontë 978-0-87891-022-9 0-87891-022-0 104 $3.95

Julius Caesar William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-948-2 0-87891-948-1 96 $3.95

King Lear William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-989-5 0-87891-989-9 144 $3.95

Les Misérables Victor Hugo 978-0-87891-951-2 0-87891-951-1 104 $3.95

Lord of the Flies William Golding 978-0-87891-754-9 0-87891-754-3 128 $3.95

Macbeth William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-944-4 0-87891-944-9 96 $3.95

Metamorphosis Franz Kafka 978-0-87891-028-1 0-87891-028-X 96 $3.95

A Midsummer Night's Dream William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-030-4 0-87891-030-1 96 $3.95

Much Ado About Nothing William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-033-5 0-87891-033-6 128 $3.95

1984 George Orwell 978-0-87891-996-3 0-87891-996-1 128 $3.95

Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck 978-0-87891-997-0 0-87891-997-X 112 $3.95

Othello William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-038-0 0-87891-038-7 104 $3.95

Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen 978-0-87891-042-7 0-87891-042-5 96 $3.95

A Raisin in the Sun Lorraine Hansberry 978-0-87891-945-1 0-87891-945-7 96 $3.95

Richard II William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-043-4 0-87891-043-3 136 $3.95

Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-990-1 0-87891-990-2 104 $3.95

A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens 978-0-87891-949-9 0-87891-949-X 112 $3.95

The Taming of the Shrew William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-050-2 0-87891-050-6 120 $3.95

The Tempest William Shakespeare 978-0-87891-052-6 0-87891-052-2 128 $3.95

Tess of the D’Urbervilles Thomas Hardy 978-0-87891-051-9 0-87891-051-4 120 $3.95

To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee 978-0-87891-946-8 0-87891-946-5 128 $3.95

MAXnotes® – offer a fresh look at masterpieces of literature. Includes a summary, character lists, explanation of the plot, the work’s historical context, author biography, study questions and answers, plus suggested term paper topics. Trim size: 5 ½" x 8 1/4"

Go to REA.com to see all our MAXnotes® titles.


study

Guid

es: quic

k ac

cess

®QUICK ACCESS® TITLES

The most affordable and attractive charts availableREA’s Quick Access® Study Charts contain all the information students, teachers, and professionals need in one handy reference. They provide quick, easy access to important facts.

The charts contain commonly used math formulas, historical facts, language conjugations, vocabulary and more! Great for exams, classroom reference, or a quick refresher on the subject.

TITLE ISBN 13 ISBN 10

Business

Accounting 978-0-7386-0716-0 0-7386-0716-9

Finance 978-0-7386-0770-2 0-7386-0770-3

Computer Reference

Excel 2007 978-0-7386-0757-3 0-7386-0757-6

HTML 978-0-7386-0762-7 0-7386-0762-2

Outlook 2007 978-0-7386-0761-0 0-7386-0761-4

PowerPoint 2007 978-0-7386-0760-3 0-7386-0760-6

Vista 978-0-7386-0758-0 0-7386-0758-4

Windows 7 978-0-7386-1000-9 0-7386-1000-3

Windows 8 978-0-7386-1148-8 0-7386-1148-4

Word 2007 978-0-7386-0759-7 0-7386-0759-2

Foreign Language

French Grammar 978-0-7386-0729-0 0-7386-0729-0

French Vocabulary 978-0-7386-0730-6 0-7386-0730-4

German Grammar 978-0-7386-0733-7 0-7386-0733-9

Spanish Conversation 978-0-7386-0748-1 0-7386-0748-7

Spanish Grammar 978-0-7386-0749-8 0-7386-0749-5

Spanish Verbs 978-0-7386-0750-4 0-7386-0750-9

Spanish Vocabulary 978-0-7386-0751-1 0-7386-0751-7

Grammar & Writing

English Composition & Style 978-0-7386-0726-9 0-7386-0726-6

English Grammar & Punctuation 978-0-7386-0727-6 0-7386-0727-4

Essays & Term Papers 978-0-7386-0728-3 0-7386-0728-2

Health

Nutrition 978-0-7386-0764-1 0-7386-0764-9

Vitamins & Minerals 978-0-7386-0769-6 0-7386-0769-X

Mathematics

Algebra I 978-0-7386-0717-7 0-7386-0717-7

Algebra II 978-0-7386-0718-4 0-7386-0718-5

Algebraic Equations 978-0-7386-0719-1 0-7386-0719-3

Calculus 978-0-7386-0723-8 0-7386-0723-1

TITLE ISBN 13 ISBN 10

Geometry I 978-0-7386-0731-3 0-7386-0731-2

Geometry II 978-0-7386-0732-0 0-7386-0732-0

Math Review 978-0-7386-0737-5 0-7386-0737-1

Precalculus 978-0-7386-0745-0 0-7386-0745-2

Trigonometry 978-0-7386-0753-5 0-7386-0753-3

Weights & Measures 978-0-7386-0756-6 0-7386-0756-8

Medical

Anatomy I 978-0-7386-0767-2 0-7386-0767-3

Anatomy II 978-0-7386-0768-9 0-7386-0768-1

Medical Abbreviations & Acronyms

978-0-7386-0766-5 0-7386-0766-5

Medical Terms: The Basics 978-0-7386-0738-2 0-7386-0738-X

Medical Terms: The Body 978-0-7386-0739-9 0-7386-0739-8

Muscular System 978-0-7386-0740-5 0-7386-0740-1

Nursing 978-0-7386-0765-8 0-7386-0765-7

Skeletal System 978-0-7386-0747-4 0-7386-0747-9

Science

Biology 978-0-7386-0722-1 0-7386-0722-3

Chemistry 978-0-7386-0724-5 0-7386-0724-X

Chemistry Equations &

Answers

978-0-7386-0763-4 0-7386-0763-0

Periodic Table 978-0-7386-0742-9 0-7386-0742-8

Physics 978-0-7386-0743-6 0-7386-0743-6

Physics Equations & Answers 978-0-7386-0744-3 0-7386-0744-4

Social Science

Psychology 978-0-7386-0746-7 0-7386-0746-0

United States History

American History I: Pre-Columbian to 1877

978-0-7386-0720-7 0-7386-0720-7

American History II: 1877 to Present

978-0-7386-0721-4 0-7386-0721-5

U.S. Government 978-0-7386-0755-9 0-7386-0755-X


ENGLISH COMPOSITION & STYLE

STRONGER: Due to its strong focus on sustainability, water efficiency, and indoor environmental quality, interest in the LEED certification program will continue to grow.WEAK: The film Crash makes important statements about sociology. (This thesis statement is vague and needs more details.)STRONGER: The film Crash presents several examples of social dysfunction and social conflict that invite a discussion of how this movie about Los Angeles relates to sociology throughout the United States.As you work through the writing process and find out more about your writing topic, you may find that you need to add to or revise your thesis. Because of this, the first statement that you draft is most likely your working thesis.

Organizing ideasAs you do preliminary research for an essay or research paper, you might draft notes of ideas or facts you discover about your topic. It can be helpful to look over your notes and use an organizational method to group notes of a similar topic together. Here are a few different methods: Clustering – Clustering is a visual technique used by writers to come up with ideas for a chosen topic. This organizational method visually resembles a spider’s web, displaying one central idea in the middle with related ideas spiraling out from the center. The example below shows how a writer used clustering to come up with ideas for a paper on the value of a college education.

expectations

in-depthstudy

higherlearning

meet newpeople

friends

networkingstudy

abroad

internship

teacher

job I want

lifeexperiences

idea Cards – To use this organizational technique, begin with 3by5inch index cards. Start jotting down ideas related to your topic on the cards. Make a game out of it by spreading out all the cards and arranging and rearranging them according to subject matter. When your ideas seem organized in a logical order, arrange your cards into a deck. Flip over one idea at a time and convert the ideas into complete sentences on another sheet of paper.Color Coding – Color coding related ideas will help you locate information easily when you begin drafting your essay. After you have jotted down all of the supporting points you want to make to prove your thesis, highlight the ideas that go together. This will make it easier to break down your information into paragraphs. You can also use multicolored index cards, keeping related ideas on the same colored cards.

The WriTing PrOcessAny college writing assignment involves a 5step process. 1. Planning – Includes deciding on a topic and

brainstorming about the topic by collaborating with a teacher and/or peers, freewriting, writing in a journal, and/or making graphic organizers containing ideas you gather about the topic.

2. drafting – During this stage, string the ideas from your planning stage together into an essay. Begin to create paragraphs. Flesh out your main ideas by providing definitions and examples.

3. revising – After creating a rough draft, let it sit for a few hours. Then go back and add any new ideas or details, or rearrange ideas that may not flow properly. You could ask a trusted peer to read your work and give you feedback. This is the stage to add, delete, or rearrange entire paragraphs.

4. editing – At this stage you are ready to focus on each sentence of your essay. Look at your word choices: have you used too many words? Do you need to use more precise words? Are your sentences too lengthy or dense? Too short or choppy? Do you need to add transitions between paragraphs and/or sentences?

5. Proofreading – Now you are ready to look closely at the spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar within your paper. Also check the formatting conventions you’ve used, either MLA (Modern Language Association) or APA (American Psychological Association). Consult a style guide if you are unsure of how to cite resources.

chOOsing a subjecTIf possible, choose a subject that you will enjoy learning about. Ask yourself a few questions:

• What do I want to learn more about? • What subjects do I care about? • How will learning about this topic be helpful

to me? After you’ve chosen a general topic, you may need to either broaden it or narrow it down. Consider these questions if you are writing a fiveparagraph essay:

• Will you be able to write at least five paragraphs related to the topic?

• Will five paragraphs be enough to cover the topic?

If you’ve answered “no” to either of these questions, you’ll need to either broaden or narrow your topic.

cOnsider The audienceThink about details you will need to include to suit your audience. Ask these questions as you plan and draft your essay:

• What does the audience already know about the topic? What do I want my readers to learn?

• How much detail does my audience need to know about the topic?

For example, if you are writing an essay about the differences between baseball’s American League and National League, you will need to know how much your readers know about baseball. If they have never heard of these different leagues, you will need to include details that explain the leagues themselves before you begin explaining similarities and differences.

Other questions:• What will be convincing to my audience?• What will my audience object to?• How can I write the essay to overcome any

objections my audience may have?For example, if you are writing an essay to an audience of zookeepers persuading readers that elephants do not belong in zoos, you should not imply that the treatment elephants receive in zoos is at fault, because this will insult zookeepers. Instead focus on statistics from many different zoos that demonstrate how elephant fertility decreases in captivity.

idenTify The PurPOseAlways keep your purpose for writing in mind, from start to finish of the writing process. Many college writing assignments are drafted for the following reasons:

• to narrate a story and interpret its importance

• to describe an event and explain its significance

• to explain a policy and determine its effect• to argue a position and persuade others to

agreeYou may draft an essay that uses one or more of these purposes within it. For example, you may have one or two paragraphs in your essay that narrate a story, yet the reason that the story is included in your essay is to serve the purpose of convincing readers.

sTrucTure Of an essayAn essay is made up of three parts:1. introduCtion – The introduction usually

opens with an interesting story or quote that catches the reader’s attention. The story then leads into a thesis statement that presents the main idea of the essay.

2. Body – The body is made up of several paragraphs that support the ideas presented in the thesis statement. Most writing assignments require you to write at least three body paragraphs. The body contains the details, facts, and events that support an argument or that describe an experience.

3. ConClusion – The conclusion restates the thesis statement and revisits the main ideas presented in the body. It serves to close up the writer’s arguments and leave the reader with a concise review of the material covered in the essay.

WriTing a Thesis sTaTemenTBefore you begin writing an essay or writing a research paper, draft a working thesis statement. The thesis statement should contain two parts: (1) the subject of the essay and (2) your opinion about the subject. Be sure to write a thesis statement that is specific enough to be interesting to your reader. Here are some examples of strong and weak thesis statements:WEAK: High school dropout rates are increasing. (This thesis statement lacks an opinion, and it is too general.)STRONGER: Because higher education is needed more than ever before for members of today’s workforce to be successful, rising numbers of high school dropout rates are harmful to society. WEAK: LEED construction is the wave of the future. (This thesis statement lacks specific details that will make the essay appealing to the reader.)

English_Comp&Style.indd 1 8/1/09 5:50:48 AM

13To order: Call 1-888-318-2665 Fax 1-877-716-7272

study G

uid

es: quick access

®QUICK ACCESS® TITLES

prolactin (PRL) – mammary glands and secretion of milk

4. Pituitary, posterior lobea. Vasopressin (ADH) – causes muscular

walls of arterioles to contract, increasing blood pressure; regulates water reab-sorption in nephrons

b. Oxytocin – contraction of uterine mus-cles during childbirth

5. Pancreas, islets of Langerhansa. Beta cells – insulin – storage and oxidation

of glucoseb. Alpha cells – glucagon – glucose into

bloodstream6. Thymus – thymus hormone – stimulates

formation of antibody system in infants7. Adrenal cortex

a. Cortisones – glucose formation from amino and fatty acids

b. Cortins – water and salt balancec. Sex hormones – sexual development

8. Adrenal medullaa. Epinephrine – causes release of glu-

cose into bloodstream, increases heart-beat and respiration rates, reduces clotting time, relaxes smooth muscle in bronchioles

b. Norepinephrine – constriction of blood vessels

9. Gonadsa. Testes – testosterone – development of

secondary male characteristicsb. Ovaries – estrogen – development of

secondary female characteristics

REPRODUCTIONA. ASEXUAL – progeny have same kind, quantity

of DNA as parent1. Binary fi ssion – parent cell divides into two

daughter cells (e.g., bacteria)2. Budding – outgrowth of cell or parent body

grows and separates from parent (e.g., yeast, hydra)

B. SEXUAL – involves fusion of gametes1. Gonad – structure that produces the gametes

– testis (sperm), ovary (eggs)C. MEIOSIS – process of gamete formation; two

successive nuclear divisions that net haploid (n) nuclei

One pair ofhomologous

chromosomes(homologues)

HomologuesCondenseand cross

over

HomologuesAlign

HomologuesSeparate

Meiosis/ result:Homologuesseparated into 2 cells

PROPHASE I METAPHASE I ANAPHASE TELOPHASE


MEIOSIS I: Separate the homologues

there is no DNA replicationbetween the two divisions

MEIOSIS II: Separate the Sister Chromatids (by Mitosis)

1. Interphase I – chromosome duplication2. Prophase I – thickening and pairing of

homologous chromosomes; centrioles migrate to opposite poles; nuclear mem-brane and nucleolus begin to disappear

3. Metaphase I – homologous pairs migrate to equatorial plane; pair members form attachments to opposite pole spindles

4. Anaphase I – pair members separate and migrate to opposite poles (in humans, each pole now has 23 pairs)

5. Telophase I – formation of two separate nuclei and cell division

6. Prophase II – centriole in each daughter nucleus divides, new spindle forms

7. Metaphase II – chromosomes align on equa-tor of new spindle

8. Anaphase II – centromeres divide, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles (in humans, 23 to each)

9. Telophase II – cell division, nuclear mem-branes reform

NERVOUS SYSTEMA. COMPONENTS

1. Neuron – conducts electrochemical impuls-es; nerve impulses generated in dendrites conducted along the axon, a long fi ber cov-ered by a myelin sheath.

2. Sensory neuron – conducts impulses from receptors to the central nervous system (CNS)

3. Interneurons – in the spinal cord and brain; link sensory and motor neurons

4. Motor neurons – conduct impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands), resulting in body’s response to stimuli

5. Nerve impulse – the signal; electrical charge that travels the length of the neuron

6. Synapse – the junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of the next neuron

B. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM1. Brain – central control – surrounded by three

meninges and bony skulla. Forebrain – cerebrum – thought and

neural processingb. Midbrain – relays impulses between

forebrain and hindbrainc. Hindbrain – medulla oblongata and

cerebellum – refl ex centers for respira-tion, heartbeat, coughing, swallowing, sneezing

2. Spinal cord – enclosed by three meninges and spinal column vertebrae; a narrow canal filled with cerebrospinal fluid runs down its center; pathway for impulses be-tween peripheral nervous system and brain; connecting center for sensory and motor neurons

C. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM1. Somatic – nerves transmit impulses from

receptors to CNS and from CNS to skeletal muscles

2. Autonomic – sensory and motor neurons run between CNS and internal organsa. Sympathetic system – motor neurons

arise from spinal cord; accelerates heart rate, constricts arteries, slows peristal-sis, relaxes bladder, dilates breathing passages, dilates eye pupil, increases secretion

b. Parasympathetic system – fi bers arise from brain; effects opposite to those of sympathetic

STIMULUS RECEPTORSA. PHOTORECEPTORS – EYE

1. Sclera – outer layer; cornea – transparent2. Choroid – middle layer – iris and pupil; light

passes through to reach lens3. Retina – contains visual receptors

a. Rods – sensitive to light – night visionb. Cones – bright-light color receptors

4. Optic nerve – carries stimuli to brainB. CHEMORECEPTORS

1. Smell – receptor cells in olfactory epi-thelium; odor molecule binds with active site; signal generated is transmitted to nerve fiber, which is carried to brain for interpretation

2. Taste – active sites in four kinds of taste buds on tongue: sweet, sour, salty, bitter

C. MECHANORECEPTORS1. Touch – pacinian corpuscles: pressure re-

ceptors in skin and some internal organs; connected to sensory neurons

2. Hearing – eara. Outer ear – pinna (external ear) and au-

ditory canal, up to ear drum

2. Pharynx – paths of respiratory and digestive systems cross here

3. Trachea – epiglottis prevents food from en-tering windpipe

4. Bronchi – two – each leads to one lung5. Lungs – bronchi branch into bronchioles

that enter alveoli in walls of air sacs where gas exchange occurs via adjacent pulmonary capillaries

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMA. HEART– four chambers: two atria, two

ventricles1. Atria – upper chambers – thin walled2. Venticles – lower chambers – strong pumps –

thick walledB. ARTERIES – carry oxygen-rich blood to the

body and oxygen-poor blood to the lungs; have thick walls of muscle and connective tissue

C. VEINS – carry oxygen-poor blood from the body and oxygen-rich blood from the lungs; walls thin (little muscle); valves prevent backfl ow

D. CAPILLARIES – blood from arterioles enters capillaries – walls are a single layer of epithelial cells through which oxygen and nutrients pass to tissues and through which metabolic wastes pass from tissues

E. BLOOD – transports material to and from tis-sues; helps defend against infectious agents1. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) – when ma-

ture, contain no nucleus, much hemoglobin; carry oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide away; formed in bone marrow

2. White blood cells (leukocytes) – nucleated, no hemoglobin; protect against disease; formed in bone marrow, lymph nodes; in-clude neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils

3. Platelets – cell fragments that aid in clottingF. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM – lymphatic capillaries

(close-ended) collect intercellular fl uid from tis-sue spaces, deliver it to larger lymphatic vessels (valves prevent backfl ow), then to veins in lower neck. Lymph is fi ltered in nodes containing lym-phocytes and plasma.• Spleen – lymphoid organ; fi lters blood and

stores red blood cells and macrophages

EXCRETIONA. SKIN – sweat glands remove water, mineral

salts, and urea from bloodB. LUNGS – CO2 and H2O vapors diffuse from

blood in capillaries into alveoli (tiny air sacs), then are excreted by exhaling

C. LIVER – removes old red blood cells and monosaccharides (except glucose) and deaminates excess amino acids

D. URINARY SYSTEM – removes excess water, mineral ions, and organic wastes1. Kidneys – blood enters via renal arteries and

leaves via renal veins2. Ureters – connect kidneys to bladder3. Bladder – hollow, muscular organ; expands

with urine4. Urethra – connects bladder to outside of

body

ENDOCRINE SYSTEMA. HORMONES – chemical substance secreted by

specifi c cells in one area of body that affect target cells in another area of the body

B. ORGANS AND GLANDS – ductless glands secrete directly into capillaries1. Thyroid – thyroxin – rate of metabolism;

growth and development; calcitonin – lowers blood calcium level

2. Parathyroids – increase phosphate excre-tion; parathormone (PTH) – raises blood calcium level

3. Pituitary, anterior lobea. Tropic hormones – regulate other

endocrine glands, including the thyroid, adrenal cortex, and gonads

b. Hormones with non-endocrine targets – growth hormone (GH) – growth of bones;

QA Biology.indd 3 6/21/11 9:01 AM

6. Homologous chromosomes – contain genes

for same traits

7. Homozygote – possesses identical alleles for

a given gene on homologous chromosomes

8. Heterozygote – possesses different alleles for

a given gene on homologous chromosomes

9. Crossing over – paired chromosomes break;

the fragments reunite in new combinations

10. Sex chromosomes – determine the sex of an

individual; in humans, X and Y chromosomes;

XY for males, XX for females

11. Autosome – chromosome that is not a sex

chromosome

B. GENE MUTATION – a change in allele(s) that

alters genotype

1. Chromosomal – chemical change in chro-

mosomal structure

a. Deletion – segment of chromosome

missing

b. Duplication – fusion of a portion of one

chromosome onto another

c. Translocation – segments of non-ho-

mologous chromosomes are exchanged

d. Inversion – a removed segment is rein-

serted backward

2. Point mutation – substitution of one nucleo-

tide for another (in addition or deletion)

C. CELL DIVISION – DEFINITIONS

1. Chromosome – one of the 46 (in humans) bod-

ies in the nucleus that are the bearers of genes

2. Chromatin – genetic material and associated

proteins (histones) in nucleus; seen as

chromosomes during mitosis

3. Chromatids – two chromatin strands formed

by duplication of the chromosome; joined at

centromere

4. Centromere – constriction on chromosome

dividing it into two arms during cell division;

point of attachment to spindle

5. Centriole – tubular structure in animal cell

mitosis; it divides, and daughters migrate

to opposite ends of the cell, forming spindle

fi bers between them.

6. Spindle fi bers – tubular structures to which

centromeres of chromosomes attach and

along which they move in cell division

D. CELL CYCLE – FOUR STAGES

1. G1 – fi rst gap phase – growth

2. S – synthesis – DNA replication

3. G2 – second gap phase – synthesis of mol-

ecules and duplication of organelles prior to

cell division. G1, S, and G2

together make up

Interphase.

4. Mitosis (M phase) and Cytokinesis – division

of the nucleus and the cytoplasm

E. MITOSIS – each daughter nucleus receives the

same complement of chromosomes as the par-

ent; responsible for growth and cell replacement

in multicellular organisms

Prophase:

ChromosomesCondense

Preprometaphase:

ChromosomesAttach

Metaphase:

ChromosomesAlign

Anaphase:

Chromosomesseparate

Telephase:

Chromosomesrelax

1. Interphase – active phase of synthesis; chro-

mosomes duplicated; chromosomes long

and thin (G1, S, and G2

stages of cell cycle)

2. Prophase – chromosomes shorten and

thicken; nucleoli, nuclear membrane

disappear; spindle fibers begin to form as

centrioles move toward poles of cell

3. Metaphase – centromeres of chromosomes

attach to spindle; chromosomes move to

equator

4. Anaphase – sister chromatids separate; full

set (46 in humans) moves toward each pole

5. Telophase – migration to poles completed;

chromosomes lengthen, nuclei recon-

structed; followed by cytokinesis – division

of cytoplasm

THE CENTRAL DOGMA

(DNA → RNA → PROTEINS)

A. DNA REPLICATION

1. Enzymesa. DNA helicase – unzips DNA helix

b. DNA polymerases – add nucleotides to

each strand of original DNA molecule;

move along strand from 5' to 3'

c. DNA ligase – helps join together Okazaki

fragments (short, newly synthesized seg-

ments of DNA)

2. Complementary base pairings – As bases

are added, A always pairs with T, and C al-

ways pairs with G.

3. Semiconservative – After replication, each

resulting DNA molecule has one old strand

and one new strand.

3’5’

DNApolymerase

Okazaki

fragment

DNApolymerase

Leading

strand

Lagging

strand

Replication Fork

DNAhelicase

B. RNA (ribonucleic acid) – single-stranded

chain of ribose and phosphate group (back-

bone) and one of four nitrogenous bases (ad-

enine, guanine, cytosine, uracil); formed from a

DNA template by RNA polymerase

1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) – translates genetic

information from DNA into polypeptide

chain

2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – integral part of the

ribosome where protein synthesis occurs

3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) – inserts amino acid

specifi ed by mRNA into polypeptide chain

C. TRANSCRIPTION – assembly of RNA strand on

one strand of a DNA double helix; RNA nucleo-

tides are complementary to DNA nucleotides;

uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) in mRNA

1. Codon – a triplet of nucleotides on mRNA

2. RNA polymerase – enzyme that joins together

nucleotides in the growing mRNA chain

3. Promoter – specific DNA sequence that

signals transcription to start

U

U

AC

CUAC

A

RNA Nucleotides

DNA non-templatestrand

DNA template strand

dire

ctio

n of

tran

scrip

tion

newly made mRNA

RNA polymerase

CC

AA

T

TG

GA

T

GG

TTAAC

CT

AC

TA

D. TRANSLATION – interaction of rRNA, tRNA,

and mRNA in converting DNA instructions into

a polypeptide

1. Codon – a triplet of nucleotides on mRNA;

each corresponds to an amino acid or

provides stop/start instructions

2. Anti-codon – triplet of nucleotides on tRNA

that complements mRNA codon

3. P site – region of the ribosome that holds the

tRNA that is carrying the growing polypeptide

4. A site – region of the ribosome that holds the

tRNA that is carrying the amino acid being

added to the polypeptide chain

5. Peptide bond – chemical bond that forms

between amino acids in a polypeptide

(protein)

C G GG U G C

C

G G A

A C C AGG U G

G

C

C

C

G

C G G

U GGGG C G

C

C

G

GG U

CC AA CC CGG UU GG

G

CC

UUUGGGGGGG

CC

GGG

A

UU

AAA

Newly formed

protein chain

Amino acids

Amino acid

Peptidebond

Polypeptide chain

tRNA

Ribosome

Anti-codon

mRNA Codon

Completed protein

TISSUES

A. PLANT TISSUES

1. Epidermis – protection – increases absorp-

tion in root, reduces H2O loss in stem, leaf

(stomata)

2. Parenchyma – food and H2O storage

3. Sclerenchyma – support

4. Chlorenchyma – photosynthesis

5. Xylem – transport of water and minerals

from roots

6. Phloem – transport of sugars from leaves

7. Meristem – growth

B. ANIMAL TISSUES

1. Epithelial – protection (covering body);

secretion (lining internal organs)

2. Muscle:a. Skeletal – voluntary

b. Smooth – involuntary

c. Cardiac – involuntary; heart only

3. Connective:

a. Binding – holding tissues, organs together

(tendons, ligaments, organ coverings)

b. Bone – support, protection (skeleton)

c. Adipose – fat storage, insulation, cush-

ioning (under skin, around organs)

d. Cartilage – reduction of friction, support

(ends of bones, parts of nose, ears)

4. Nerve:a. Brain – impulse interpretation, mental

activity

b. Spinal cord, nerves, ganglion – carrying

impulses

5. Blood: blood cells, vessels, heart – carrying

materials to and from cells, fi ghting infec-

tion, clotting

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

A. ORGANS AND ENZYMES

1. Oral cavity – salivary glands, ptyalin, diges-

tion of starch

2. Pharynx – swallowing

3. Esophagus – peristalsis

4. Stomach – gastric glands, pepsin, digestion

of proteins

5. Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum,

ileum) – fi nal digestions and absorption (at

villi) of disaccharides, peptides, fatty acids,

monoglycerides

6. Large intestine – reabsorbs water; receives

remaining solid material after digestion

7. Pancreatic enzymes – amylase (starch),

lipase (lipids), trypsin (proteins), nucleases

(nucleic acids)

8. Intestinal enzymes – peptidases ( peptides),

maltase (maltose), sucrase (sucrose), lactase

(lactose)

RESPIRATION

A. ORGANS1. Nose – mucous membranes warm and hu-

midify air

QA Biology.indd 2

6/21/11 9:01 AM

prolactin (PRL) – mammary glands and

secretion of milk

4. Pituitary, posterior lobe

a. Vasopressin (ADH) – causes muscular

walls of arterioles to contract, increasing

blood pressure; regulates water reab-

sorption in nephrons

b. Oxytocin – contraction of uterine mus-

cles during childbirth

5. Pancreas, islets of Langerhans

a. Beta cells – insulin – storage and oxidation

of glucose

b. Alpha cells – glucagon – glucose into

bloodstream

6. Thymus – thymus hormone – stimulates

formation of antibody system in infants

7. Adrenal cortex

a. Cortisones – glucose formation from

amino and fatty acids

b. Cortins – water and salt balance

c. Sex hormones – sexual development

8. Adrenal medulla

a. Epinephrine – causes release of glu-

cose into bloodstream, increases heart-

beat and respiration rates, reduces

clotting time, relaxes smooth muscle in

bronchioles

b. Norepinephrine – constriction of blood

vessels


secondary male characteristics

b. Ovaries – estrogen – development of


REPRODUCTION

A. ASEXUAL – progeny have same kind, quantity

of DNA as parent

1. Binary fi ssion – parent cell divides into two

daughter cells (e.g., bacteria)

2. Budding – outgrowth of cell or parent body

grows and separates from parent (e.g., yeast,

hydra)

B. SEXUAL – involves fusion of gametes

1. Gonad – structure that produces the gametes

– testis (sperm), ovary (eggs)

C. MEIOSIS – process of gamete formation; two

successive nuclear divisions that net haploid (n)

nuclei


chromosomes

(homologues)


over

HomologuesAlign

HomologuesSeparate

Meiosis/ result:

Homologuesseparated into 2 cells




there is no DNA replication

between the two divisions


1. Interphase I – chromosome duplication

2. Prophase I – thickening and pairing of

homologous chromosomes; centrioles

migrate to opposite poles; nuclear mem-

brane and nucleolus begin to disappear

3. Metaphase I – homologous pairs migrate

to equatorial plane; pair members form

attachments to opposite pole spindles

4. Anaphase I – pair members separate and

migrate to opposite poles (in humans, each

pole now has 23 pairs)

5. Telophase I – formation of two separate

nuclei and cell division

6. Prophase II – centriole in each daughter

nucleus divides, new spindle forms

7. Metaphase II – chromosomes align on equa-

tor of new spindle

8. Anaphase II – centromeres divide, sister

chromatids separate and move to opposite

poles (in humans, 23 to each)

9. Telophase II – cell division, nuclear mem-

branes reform

NERVOUS SYSTEM

A. COMPONENTS

1. Neuron – conducts electrochemical impuls-

es; nerve impulses generated in dendrites

conducted along the axon, a long fi ber cov-

ered by a myelin sheath.

2. Sensory neuron – conducts impulses from

receptors to the central nervous system (CNS)

3. Interneurons – in the spinal cord and brain;

link sensory and motor neurons

4. Motor neurons – conduct impulses from

CNS to effectors (muscles and glands),

resulting in body’s response to stimuli

5. Nerve impulse – the signal; electrical charge

that travels the length of the neuron

6. Synapse – the junction between the axon

of one neuron and the dendrite of the next

neuron

B. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

1. Brain – central control – surrounded by three

meninges and bony skull

a. Forebrain – cerebrum – thought and

neural processing

b. Midbrain – relays impulses between

forebrain and hindbrain

c. Hindbrain – medulla oblongata and

cerebellum – refl ex centers for respira-

tion, heartbeat, coughing, swallowing,

sneezing

2. Spinal cord – enclosed by three meninges

and spinal column vertebrae; a narrow

canal filled with cerebrospinal fluid runs

down its center; pathway for impulses be-

tween peripheral nervous system and brain;

connecting center for sensory and motor

neurons

C. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

1. Somatic – nerves transmit impulses from

receptors to CNS and from CNS to skeletal

muscles

2. Autonomic – sensory and motor neurons

run between CNS and internal organs

a. Sympathetic system – motor neurons

arise from spinal cord; accelerates heart

rate, constricts arteries, slows peristal-

sis, relaxes bladder, dilates breathing

passages, dilates eye pupil, increases

secretion

b. Parasympathetic system – fi bers arise

from brain; effects opposite to those of

sympathetic

STIMULUS RECEPTORS

A. PHOTORECEPTORS – EYE

1. Sclera – outer layer; cornea – transparent

2. Choroid – middle layer – iris and pupil; light

passes through to reach lens

3. Retina – contains visual receptors

a. Rods – sensitive to light – night vision

b. Cones – bright-light color receptors

4. Optic nerve – carries stimuli to brain

B. CHEMORECEPTORS

1. Smell – receptor cells in olfactory epi-

thelium; odor molecule binds with active

site; signal generated is transmitted to

nerve fiber, which is carried to brain for

interpretation

2. Taste – active sites in four kinds of taste buds

on tongue: sweet, sour, salty, bitter

C. MECHANORECEPTORS

1. Touch – pacinian corpuscles: pressure re-

ceptors in skin and some internal organs;

connected to sensory neurons

2. Hearing – ear

a. Outer ear – pinna (external ear) and au-


2. Pharynx – paths of respiratory and digestive

systems cross here

3. Trachea – epiglottis prevents food from en-

tering windpipe

4. Bronchi – two – each leads to one lung

5. Lungs – bronchi branch into bronchioles

that enter alveoli in walls of air sacs where

gas exchange occurs via adjacent pulmonary

capillaries

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

A. HEART– four chambers: two atria, two

ventricles

1. Atria – upper chambers – thin walled

2. Venticles – lower chambers – strong pumps –

thick walled

B. ARTERIES – carry oxygen-rich blood to the

body and oxygen-poor blood to the lungs; have

thick walls of muscle and connective tissue

C. VEINS – carry oxygen-poor blood from the body

and oxygen-rich blood from the lungs; walls thin

(little muscle); valves prevent backfl ow

D. CAPILLARIES – blood from arterioles enters

capillaries – walls are a single layer of epithelial

cells through which oxygen and nutrients pass

to tissues and through which metabolic wastes

pass from tissues

E. BLOOD – transports material to and from tis-

sues; helps defend against infectious agents

1. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) – when ma-

ture, contain no nucleus, much hemoglobin;

carry oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide

away; formed in bone marrow

2. White blood cells (leukocytes) – nucleated,

no hemoglobin; protect against disease;

formed in bone marrow, lymph nodes; in-

clude neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes,

eosinophils, and basophils

3. Platelets – cell fragments that aid in clotting

F. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM – lymphatic capillaries

(close-ended) collect intercellular fl uid from tis-

sue spaces, deliver it to larger lymphatic vessels

(valves prevent backfl ow), then to veins in lower

neck. Lymph is fi ltered in nodes containing lym-

phocytes and plasma.

• Spleen – lymphoid organ; fi lters blood and


EXCRETION

A. SKIN – sweat glands remove water, mineral

salts, and urea from blood

B. LUNGS – CO2 and H2O vapors diffuse from

blood in capillaries into alveoli (tiny air sacs),

then are excreted by exhaling

C. LIVER – removes old red blood cells and

monosaccharides (except glucose) and

deaminates excess amino acids

D. URINARY SYSTEM – removes excess water,

mineral ions, and organic wastes

1. Kidneys – blood enters via renal arteries and

leaves via renal veins

2. Ureters – connect kidneys to bladder

3. Bladder – hollow, muscular organ; expands

with urine

4. Urethra – connects bladder to outside of

body

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

A. HORMONES – chemical substance secreted by

specifi c cells in one area of body that affect target

cells in another area of the body

B. ORGANS AND GLANDS – ductless glands

secrete directly into capillaries

1. Thyroid – thyroxin – rate of metabolism;

growth and development; calcitonin – lowers

blood calcium level

2. Parathyroids – increase phosphate excre-

tion; parathormone (PTH) – raises blood

calcium level

3. Pituitary, anterior lobe

a. Tropic hormones – regulate other

endocrine glands, including the thyroid,

adrenal cortex, and gonads

b. Hormones with non-endocrine targets –

growth hormone (GH) – growth of bones;

QA Biology.indd 3

6/21/11 9:01 AM

prolactin (PRL) – mammary glands and secretion of milk

4. Pituitary, posterior lobea. Vasopressin (ADH) – causes muscular

walls of arterioles to contract, increasing blood pressure; regulates water reab-sorption in nephrons

b. Oxytocin – contraction of uterine mus-cles during childbirth

5. Pancreas, islets of Langerhansa. Beta cells – insulin – storage and oxidation

of glucoseb. Alpha cells – glucagon – glucose into

bloodstream6. Thymus – thymus hormone – stimulates

formation of antibody system in infants7. Adrenal cortex

a. Cortisones – glucose formation from amino and fatty acids

b. Cortins – water and salt balancec. Sex hormones – sexual development

8. Adrenal medullaa. Epinephrine – causes release of glu-

cose into bloodstream, increases heart-beat and respiration rates, reduces clotting time, relaxes smooth muscle in bronchioles

b. Norepinephrine – constriction of blood vessels


secondary male characteristicsb. Ovaries – estrogen – development of


REPRODUCTIONA. ASEXUAL – progeny have same kind, quantity

of DNA as parent1. Binary fi ssion – parent cell divides into two

daughter cells (e.g., bacteria)2. Budding – outgrowth of cell or parent body

grows and separates from parent (e.g., yeast, hydra)

B. SEXUAL – involves fusion of gametes1. Gonad – structure that produces the gametes

– testis (sperm), ovary (eggs)C. MEIOSIS – process of gamete formation; two

successive nuclear divisions that net haploid (n) nuclei


chromosomes(homologues)


over

HomologuesAlign

HomologuesSeparate

Meiosis/ result:Homologuesseparated into 2 cells




there is no DNA replicationbetween the two divisions


1. Interphase I – chromosome duplication2. Prophase I – thickening and pairing of

homologous chromosomes; centrioles migrate to opposite poles; nuclear mem-brane and nucleolus begin to disappear

3. Metaphase I – homologous pairs migrate to equatorial plane; pair members form attachments to opposite pole spindles

4. Anaphase I – pair members separate and migrate to opposite poles (in humans, each pole now has 23 pairs)

5. Telophase I – formation of two separate nuclei and cell division

6. Prophase II – centriole in each daughter nucleus divides, new spindle forms

7. Metaphase II – chromosomes align on equa-tor of new spindle

8. Anaphase II – centromeres divide, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles (in humans, 23 to each)

9. Telophase II – cell division, nuclear mem-branes reform

NERVOUS SYSTEMA. COMPONENTS

1. Neuron – conducts electrochemical impuls-es; nerve impulses generated in dendrites conducted along the axon, a long fi ber cov-ered by a myelin sheath.

2. Sensory neuron – conducts impulses from receptors to the central nervous system (CNS)

3. Interneurons – in the spinal cord and brain; link sensory and motor neurons

4. Motor neurons – conduct impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands), resulting in body’s response to stimuli

5. Nerve impulse – the signal; electrical charge that travels the length of the neuron

6. Synapse – the junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of the next neuron

B. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM1. Brain – central control – surrounded by three

meninges and bony skulla. Forebrain – cerebrum – thought and

neural processingb. Midbrain – relays impulses between

forebrain and hindbrainc. Hindbrain – medulla oblongata and

cerebellum – refl ex centers for respira-tion, heartbeat, coughing, swallowing, sneezing

2. Spinal cord – enclosed by three meninges and spinal column vertebrae; a narrow canal filled with cerebrospinal fluid runs down its center; pathway for impulses be-tween peripheral nervous system and brain; connecting center for sensory and motor neurons

C. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM1. Somatic – nerves transmit impulses from

receptors to CNS and from CNS to skeletal muscles

2. Autonomic – sensory and motor neurons run between CNS and internal organsa. Sympathetic system – motor neurons

arise from spinal cord; accelerates heart rate, constricts arteries, slows peristal-sis, relaxes bladder, dilates breathing passages, dilates eye pupil, increases secretion

b. Parasympathetic system – fi bers arise from brain; effects opposite to those of sympathetic

STIMULUS RECEPTORSA. PHOTORECEPTORS – EYE

1. Sclera – outer layer; cornea – transparent2. Choroid – middle layer – iris and pupil; light

passes through to reach lens3. Retina – contains visual receptors

a. Rods – sensitive to light – night visionb. Cones – bright-light color receptors

4. Optic nerve – carries stimuli to brainB. CHEMORECEPTORS

1. Smell – receptor cells in olfactory epi-thelium; odor molecule binds with active site; signal generated is transmitted to nerve fiber, which is carried to brain for interpretation

2. Taste – active sites in four kinds of taste buds on tongue: sweet, sour, salty, bitter

C. MECHANORECEPTORS1. Touch – pacinian corpuscles: pressure re-

ceptors in skin and some internal organs; connected to sensory neurons

2. Hearing – eara. Outer ear – pinna (external ear) and au-


2. Pharynx – paths of respiratory and digestive systems cross here

3. Trachea – epiglottis prevents food from en-tering windpipe

4. Bronchi – two – each leads to one lung5. Lungs – bronchi branch into bronchioles

that enter alveoli in walls of air sacs where gas exchange occurs via adjacent pulmonary capillaries

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMA. HEART– four chambers: two atria, two

ventricles1. Atria – upper chambers – thin walled2. Venticles – lower chambers – strong pumps –

thick walledB. ARTERIES – carry oxygen-rich blood to the

body and oxygen-poor blood to the lungs; have thick walls of muscle and connective tissue

C. VEINS – carry oxygen-poor blood from the body and oxygen-rich blood from the lungs; walls thin (little muscle); valves prevent backfl ow

D. CAPILLARIES – blood from arterioles enters capillaries – walls are a single layer of epithelial cells through which oxygen and nutrients pass to tissues and through which metabolic wastes pass from tissues

E. BLOOD – transports material to and from tis-sues; helps defend against infectious agents1. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) – when ma-

ture, contain no nucleus, much hemoglobin; carry oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide away; formed in bone marrow

2. White blood cells (leukocytes) – nucleated, no hemoglobin; protect against disease; formed in bone marrow, lymph nodes; in-clude neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils

3. Platelets – cell fragments that aid in clottingF. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM – lymphatic capillaries

(close-ended) collect intercellular fl uid from tis-sue spaces, deliver it to larger lymphatic vessels (valves prevent backfl ow), then to veins in lower neck. Lymph is fi ltered in nodes containing lym-phocytes and plasma.• Spleen – lymphoid organ; fi lters blood and


EXCRETIONA. SKIN – sweat glands remove water, mineral

salts, and urea from bloodB. LUNGS – CO2 and H2O vapors diffuse from

blood in capillaries into alveoli (tiny air sacs), then are excreted by exhaling

C. LIVER – removes old red blood cells and monosaccharides (except glucose) and deaminates excess amino acids

D. URINARY SYSTEM – removes excess water, mineral ions, and organic wastes1. Kidneys – blood enters via renal arteries and

leaves via renal veins2. Ureters – connect kidneys to bladder3. Bladder – hollow, muscular organ; expands

with urine4. Urethra – connects bladder to outside of

body

ENDOCRINE SYSTEMA. HORMONES – chemical substance secreted by

specifi c cells in one area of body that affect target cells in another area of the body

B. ORGANS AND GLANDS – ductless glands secrete directly into capillaries1. Thyroid – thyroxin – rate of metabolism;

growth and development; calcitonin – lowers blood calcium level

2. Parathyroids – increase phosphate excre-tion; parathormone (PTH) – raises blood calcium level

3. Pituitary, anterior lobea. Tropic hormones – regulate other

endocrine glands, including the thyroid, adrenal cortex, and gonads

b. Hormones with non-endocrine targets – growth hormone (GH) – growth of bones;

QA Biology.indd 3 6/21/11 9:01 AM

B. RADICALS

1. Laws :

( n √ __

a ) n = a

n √ ___

ab = n √ __

a n √ __

b

n √ __

a __ b

= n √ __

a ___ n √ __

b , b ≠ 0

n √ ___

am = ( n √ __

a ) m

m √ ___

n √ __

a = mn √ __

a

2. Simplest Radical Form :

a. All perfect n th powers have been removed from the radical. e.g.,

3 √ ____

8x 5 = 3 √ ______

(2x)3x 2 = 2x 3 √ __

x 2

b. The index of the radical is as small as possible.

c. There are not any fractions present in the radicand.

C. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

1. Defi nition : n ×10 m , a real number expressed as a product of a real

number n and an integral power of 10, where n is 1 ≤ n < 10.

e.g., 19,731,000 = 1.97310 × 10 7

0.0000356 = 3.56 × 10 −5

POLYNOMIALS AND RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS

A. TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS

1. Variable: a placeholder that can take on many values, usually denoted

as a letter: x, y, z .

2. Constant: a symbol for a value that remains unchanged. e.g., a , −5,

7.8, π

3. Term: a constant, variable, product or quotient of constants and vari-

ables, or a combination of products and quotients.

e.g., 4.56, 3 x 2 , xyz , x __ 6

, 5z ___ y 2

4. Coeffi cient : the constant in a term. e.g., 4 is the coeffi cient of 4 x 7

5. Expression: a collection of one or more terms. e.g., 9 z 5 , 6 x + 3 y 3 ,

8 yz − 7 x + z

B. THE POLYNOMIAL

1. Monomial: a one-term algebraic expression. e.g., 4 x 5

2. Binomial: a two-term algebraic expression. e.g., 17 − 5 x 3

3. Trinomial : a three-term algebraic expression. e.g., 2 x − 3 + 9 x 4

4. Multinomial : multi-term algebraic expression.

5. Degree of a monomial: sum of the exponents of variables in a mono-

mial. 3 x 8 y 2 has a degree of 8 + 2 = 10. The degree of a constant is 0.

6. Degree of a polynomial: the highest degree of all the monomial terms

in a polynomial.

C. POLYNOMIAL LONG DIVISION

1. Polynomial Long Division: The procedure for dividing a polynomial

by another polynomial, similar to numerical long division. The result

is written as follows:

dividend _________ divisor

= quotient + remainder __________ divisor

e.g., (2 x 2 + x + 6) ÷ ( x + 1)

2x − 1

x + 1 ) ___________

2x 2 + x + 6

−(2x 2 + 2x)

−x + 6

−(−x − 1)

7

D. POLYNOMIAL FACTORIZATION

1. Prime factor: a polynomial has no factors other than itself and 1.

2. Least common multiple of a set of numbers: the smallest quantity

divisible by every number of the set.

3. Greatest common factor of a set of numbers: the largest factor com-

mon to all members of the set.

4. Common factorizations

a 2 + 2 ab + b 2 = ( a + b )( a + b ) = ( a + b ) 2

a 2 − 2 ab + b 2 = ( a − b )( a − b ) = ( a − b ) 2

Difference of squares: a 2 − b 2 = ( a + b )( a − b )

Difference of cubes: a 3 − b 3 = ( a − b )( a 2 + ab + b 2 )

5. Factoring a polynomial

Step 1: Factor out the greatest common factor.

Step 2: Use the common factorizations and polynomial long division

to reduce the polynomial to monomials and prime factor polynomials.

e.g., 4 − 16 x 2 = 4(1 − 4 x 2 ) = 4(1 + 2 x )(1 − 2 x )

E. OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS AND RATIONAL

EXPRESSIONS

1. Rational expression: an algebraic expression that is a quotient of two

algebraic expressions,

A __ B

, B ≠ 0, e.g., 9 __ 4

, 3x2 + 5x ________ y + 3

, 9y

____ 10z

2. Complex fraction: a complex fraction includes a fraction and/or

rational expressions in the numerator, the denominator, or both.

e.g., 1 __ x

__

5 __ y ,

1 __ 2

__

3 ,

1 + y

__ x _________

1 − 4 ______ x 2 + 1

3. Simplifying complex fractions:

1 − 5 __ x + 6 ___

x 2 __________

1 − 6 __ x + 8 ___ x 2

=

x 2 − 5x + 6 ___________ x 2

___________

x 2 − 6x + 8 ___________ x 2

= (x − 3)(x − 2) _____________

x 2

_____________

(x − 4)(x − 2) _____________

x 2

= (x − 3)(x − 2) _____________

x 2 ·

x 2 _____________ (x − 4)(x − 2)

= x − 3 _____ x − 4

EQUATIONS

A. DEFINITIONS

1. Equation: statement of equality of two expressions.

2. Conditional equation: an equation that is true for only certain values

of the variable(s).

e.g., y + 6 = 11 is true for y = 5

3. Identity: an equation that is true for all values of the variable(s).

e.g., 2x = 4 __ 2

x is true for all real numbers x

4. Solution: value of variable that makes the equation true.

5. Equivalent equations: equations with the same solutions.

6. Root of the equation: the solution to an equation f ( x ) = 0.

B. LAWS OF EQUALITY

1. Addition/Subtraction Property: the same quantity can be added to

(or subtracted from) both sides of an equation.

e.g. , x = 6

x + 3 = 6 + 3

2. Multiplication/Division Property: the same value can be multiplied

(or divided) on both sides of an equation, except for division by zero.

e.g., 1 − x = 4 x + 7

3(1 − x ) = 3(4 x + 7)

3. Exponent Property: both sides of an equation can be raised to the

same power.

e.g., x = 9 − 5 x

( x ) 2 = (9 − 5 x ) 2

4. Cross-multiplication: equations in fractional form can be cross-

multiplied as shown and maintain equality.

3x + 2 ______ 7

= 4x + 5 ______ 9

9(3x + 2) = 7(4x + 5 )

C. EQUATIONS WITH ABSOLUTE VALUES

1. Defi nition: | x + y | = z is valid if either x + y = z or x + y = − z .

GRAPHING

A. THE CARTESIAN COORDINATE PLANE

The Cartesian coordinate plane is split into 4 quadrants formed by 2

number lines.

y-axis

x-axis

Quadrant II Quadrant I

Quadrant III Quadrant IV

Algebra 1 New.indd 2

9/3/10 12:27 PM

LINEAR EQUATIONS AND SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS

A. LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE

1. Defi nition : an equation with one variable of the form ax + b = 0, a and

b are constants, a ≠ 0.

2. Solving linear equations in one variable: Using the properties of equal-

ity, a linear equation of the form ax + b = 0 can be solved as

x = − b __ a .

3. Graphing the solution of a linear equation in one variable: The

solution of a linear equation in one variable x (or y ) is graphed as a

vertical (or horizontal) line. The equation x = 3 specifi es the value of

x but it does not put any limits on y so the graph is all the points (3, y ).

A horizontal line ( y = a ) is said to have zero slope and a vertical line

( x = a ) is said to have no slope .

108642–2–4–6–8–10

10

8

6

4

2

–2

–4

–6

–8

–10

(3, 0)

(0, –2)y = –2

zero slope

x = 3no slope

B. LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

1 . Linear/two variables : an equation with two variables of the form

ax + by = c , a , b , and c are constants, a and b ≠ 0.

2. Solving linear equations in two variables: Using the properties of

equality, a linear equation in two variables can be shaped into a num-

ber of forms that are easily solved and graphed.

a. Standard Form: Ax + By = C

b. Point-Slope Form: y − y 1 = m ( x − x 1 )

c. Two-Point Form: x − x1 ______ x1

− x2 =

y − y1 ______ y1

− y2

d. Intercept Form: b, where

a = x-intercept and b = y-intercept. x__ + y__ = 1

a

e. Slope-Intercept Form: y = mx + b

3. Graphing the solution of a linear equation in two variables: The solu-

tion of a linear equation in two variables can be graphed in a number

of ways, depending on the information given or the form of the equa-

tion. In order to graph a line, you need two of the following:

• a point on the line

• slope of the line

• the x -intercept

• the y -intercept

4. Direct variations: A direct variation is a special case of a linear equa-

tion in 2 variables. It is of the form y = kx. The graph of a direct varia-

tion always passes through the origin and has a slope of m = k .

C. SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

1. Defi nition: A set of two or more linear equations in two variables that

must share the same solution set. In order for a point to be a solution

to a system of linear equations, it must satisfy all the linear equations

in the system.

e.g., { 3x + 2y = −2

−x + 7y = 5

2. Solution techniques:

a. Elimination of variable

b. Substitution for a variable

c. Graphing each equation

B. PLOTTING POINTS

A point in the coordinate plane consists of an x- and y -value, listed as a

coordinate pair ( x , y ). The point is plotted the corresponding distance

on the x- and y - axes as shown.

(–3, 7) 3

7

2

4

(2, –4)

108642–2–4–6–8–10

10

8

6

4

2

–2

–4

–6

–8

–10

C. GRAPHING LINES

1. Solution set: To graph a linear equation in two variables, it is neces-

sary to graph its solution set, that is, draw a line through the points

that satisfy the equation. e.g., The linear equation 3 x + 2 y = 5 has the

solutions (1, 1), (−1, 4), and (3, −2) and the line is graphed through

these points.

(–1, 4)

(3, –2)

(1, 1)

108642–2–4–6–8–10

10

8

6

4

2

–2

–4

–6

–8

–10

2. Features of a line: The graph of a linear equation has two important

features.

A. Slope : If a line passes through the points ( x 1 , y 1 ) and ( x 2 , y 2 ), then

the slope of the line is determined by the equation:

m = y2

− y1 ______ x2

− x1 .

B. Intercepts: The intercepts are the points at which a line intersects

the x - and y -axes. The x -intercept is of the form ( x , 0) and the

y -intercept is of the form (0, y ). Most lines will have both an x - and

a y -intercept, with the exception of horizontal lines, vertical lines,

and direct variations.

108642–2–4–6–8–10

10

8

6

4

2

–2

–4

–6

–8

–10

(5, 0)

(0, –5)

y = xslope = 1

y = –5 zero slope

x = 5no slope

(0, 0)

a

x__a


9/3/10 12:27 PM

ALGEBRA I


3. Rationals: the set of integers plus the set of all numbers that can be

expressed in the form a __ b

, where a and b are integers, b ≠ 0.

e.g., 1 __ 2

4. Irrationals: the set of all numbers that cannot be expressed in the

form a __ b

where a and b are integers, b ≠ 0. e.g., π and √ __

2

5. Reals: the set of rational and irrational numbers.

B. ABSOLUTE VALUE

1. Absolute value : the distance from 0 on a number line.

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5

–5 = 5

|A| = { A if A ≥ 0 −A if A < 0

Absolute Value Rules

|− A | = | A |

| A | ≥ 0, equality holding only if A = 0

| A __ B

| = |A|

___ |B|

, B ≠ 0

|AB| = |A| × |B|

|A|2 = A2

C. ALGEBRAIC LAWS

1. Closure/addition: a + b = a real number .

2. Closure/multiplication: a b = a real number .

3. Commutative/addition: a + b = b + a.

4. Commutative/multiplication: a b = b a.

5. Associative/addition: ( a + b ) + c = a + ( b + c ).

6. Associative/multiplication: ( a b ) c = a ( b c ).

7. Additive identity: a + 0 = a .

8. Multiplicative identity: a · 1 = a.

9. Additive inverse: a + (− a ) = 0.

10. Multiplicative inverse: a ( 1 __ a ) = 1, a ≠ 0.

11. Zero: a · 0 = 0.

12. Distributive: a ( b + c ) = ab + ac or a ( b − c ) = ab − ac.

D. DECIMALS

1. Defi nition : base-ten notational system for expressing real numbers.

2. Terminating decimal: division yields a remainder of 0.

3. Repeating decimal: division yields a repeating pattern of integers.

4. Nonterminating and nonrepeating decimal: irrational numbers like

√ __

2 ≈ 1.4142... have decimal representations that do not terminate or

repeat.

E. IMAGINARY AND COMPLEX NUMBERS

1. Imaginary number (i ): √ ___

−1 = i.

2. Complex: a + bi ; a and b are real numbers. a is called the real part and

bi is the imaginary part.

3. Operations

Addition: ( a + bi ) + ( c + di ) = ( a + c ) + ( b + d ) i

Subtraction: ( a + bi ) − ( c + di ) = ( a − c ) + ( b − d ) i

EXPONENTS AND RADICALS

A. EXPONENTS

( a , m , and n are positive integers.)

1. Positive integral: a n .

2. Negative integral: a−n = 1 ___ an , a ≠ 0.

3. Positive fractional: a m ___ n = n √

___ am = ( n √

__ a )

m .

4. Zero: a 0 = 1, a ≠ 0.

5. General Laws:

a p a q = a p+q

( a p ) q = a pq

ap

___ aq = a p−q, a ≠ 0

(ab)p = apb p

( a __ b

) p = a

p

___ b p

, b ≠ 0

6. Order of magnitude: the power of 10 closest to the number. e.g.,

86,734 is on the order of magnitude of 105

SETS AND SET OPERATIONS

A. DEFINITIONS

1. Set : a collection of items, each called an element or member.

2. Set notation : written as an italicized capital letter or as elements listed

within a set of braces { }. A = { a , b , c }, a is an element of A , written as

a ∈ A .

3. Subset ( A ⊂ B ) : every element of subset A is an element of set B .

4. Universal Set ( U ) : a set U from which other sets draw elements.

5. Complement ( Aʹ ) : If A is a subset of U , then Aʹ is the set of all elements

in the universal set that are not elements of A .

6. Empty Set : a set with no elements, denoted { } or ϕ.

B. SET OPERATIONS

Set operations may be represented graphically by Venn diagrams.

1. Union : set of all elements in set A or B or both.

X

BA

A ∪ B = {x | x � A or x � B}

2. Intersection : set of all elements common in both sets A and B.

A

X

B

A ∩ B = {x | x � A and x � B}

3. Disjoint Sets : no common elements in sets A and B .

X

AB

A ∩ B = ϕ

C. LAWS OF SET OPERATIONS

If A is a subset of U , the following laws hold true.

1. Identity: A ∪ ϕ = A , A ∩ ϕ = ϕ; A ∪ U = U , A ∩ U = A

2. Idempotent: A ∪ A = A, A ∩ A = A

3. Complement: A ∪ A ́ = U , A ∩ A ́ = ϕ, ( A ́)ʹ = A, ϕʹ = U, and U ́ = ϕ

4. Commutative: A ∪ B = B ∪ A, A ∩ B = B ∩ A

5. Associative: ( A ∪ B ) ∪ C = A ∪ ( B ∪ C ); ( A ∩ B ) ∩ C = A ∩ ( B ∩ C )

6. Distributive: A ∪ ( B ∩ C ) = ( A ∪ B ) ∩ ( A ∪ C ); A ∩ ( B ∪ C ) =

( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A ∩ C )

7. De Morgan’s: ( A ∪ B )ʹ = A ́ ∩ B ́; ( A ∩ B )ʹ = A ́ ∪ B ́

NUMBER SYSTEMS, ALGEBRAIC LAWS

AND OPERATIONS

A. NUMBER SYSTEMS

1. Whole numbers : the set of counting numbers and zero.

e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, …

2. Integers : the set of whole numbers, negative whole numbers, and

zero.

e.g., …, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, …


9/3/10 12:27 PM

✓ Most laminated charts consist of 2 fold-out panels (4 pages) that fit into any briefcase or backpack.

✓ Each chart has a 3-hole punch for easy placement in a binder.

✓ Trim Size: 8 1/2" × 11"

✓ Only $4.95 each

INDEX

INDEX


AAccounting, Quick Access Chart, 12ACCuplACer, Bob Miller’s Math prep for the, 9ACCuplACer, Doug French’s Verbal prep for

the, 9 ACT Assessment plus Writing Test, 8ACT, Bob Miller’s Math for the, 8ACT Strategy Smart, 8Algebra I, Quick Access Chart, 12Algebra II, Quick Access Chart, 12Algebraic equations, Quick Access Chart, 12American History I, Quick Access Chart, 12American History II, Quick Access Chart, 12Anatomy I, Quick Access Chart, 12Anatomy II, Quick Access Chart, 12Animal Farm, MAXnotes, 11Antony and Cleopatra, MAXnotes, 11Ap Art History, 7Ap Art History, Crash Course, 6Ap Biology, All Access, 4Ap Biology, Crash Course, 6Ap Calculus AB & BC, All Access, 4Ap Calculus AB & BC, Crash Course, 6Ap Chemistry, All Access, 4Ap Chemistry, Crash Course, 6Ap english language & Composition, All

Access, 4Ap english language & Composition,

Crash Course, 6Ap english literature & Composition,

Crash Course, 6Ap environmental Science, All Access, 4Ap environmental Science, Crash Course, 6Ap european History, All Access, 4Ap european History, Crash Course, 6Ap european History, Flashcards, 7Ap French language & Culture, All Access, 4Ap Human Geography, All Access, 4Ap Human Geography, Crash Course, 6Ap latin Vergil, 7Ap Macroeconomics, Crash Course, 6Ap Microeconomics & Macroeconomics, All

Access, 4Ap Microeconomics, Crash Course, 6Ap physics B & C, 7Ap physics B, Crash Course, 6Ap psychology, All Access, 4Ap psychology, Crash Course, 6Ap Spanish language & Culture, All Access, 4Ap Statistics, All Access, 4Ap Statistics, Crash Course, 6Ap u.S. Government & politics, All Access, 4Ap u.S. Government & politics, Crash Course,

6Ap united States History, All Access, 4Ap united States History, Crash Course, 6Ap united States History, Flashcards, 7Ap World History, All Access, 4Ap World History, Crash Course, 6Ap World History, Flashcards, 7As You like It, MAXnotes, 11ASVAB AFQT, Crash Course, 9ASVAB, Flashcards, 9ASVAB, Your Total Solution 9Autobiography of Malcolm X, The, MAXnotes,

11

BBeloved, MAXnotes, 11Biology, Quick Access Chart, 12

CCalculus, Quick Access Chart, 12Canterbury Tales, The, MAXnotes, 11Chemistry, Quick Access Chart, 12Chemistry equations & Answers,

Quick Access Chart, 12Common Core State Standards:

pArCC Assessments: elA literacy Grades 6-8, 3

pArCC Assessments: elA literacy Grades 9-12, 3

Color purple, The, MAXnotes, 11COMpASS, Bob Miller’s Math prep for the, 9COMpASS, Doug French’s Verbal prep for

the, 9

Eemma, MAXnotes, 11english the American Way: A Fun eSl Guide to

language and Culture, 9english Composition & Style, Quick Access

Chart, 12english Grammar & punctuation, Quick Access

Chart, 12eSl Beginner, 9eSl Grammar: Intermediate & Advanced, 9eSl Mathematics for Standardized Tests, 9eSl Vocabulary Flashcards, 9eSl Writing: Intermediate & Advanced, 9essays & Term papers, Quick Access Chart, 12excel 2007, Quick Access Chart, 12

FFinance, Quick Access Chart, 12Frankenstein, MAXnotes, 11French Grammar, Quick Access Chart, 12French Vocabulary, Quick Access Chart, 12

GGeD® Math Test Tutor, 9GeD® Test, reA's Total Solution for the, 9Geometry I, Quick Access Chart, 12Geometry II, Quick Access Chart, 12German Grammar, Quick Access Chart, 12Gone with the Wind, MAXnotes, 11Grapes of Wrath, The, MAXnotes, 11Great expectations, MAXnotes, 11Great Gatsby, The, MAXnotes, 11Guide to literary Terms, MAXnotes, 11Gulliver’s Travels, MAXnotes, 11

HHamlet, MAXnotes, 11Henry IV, part I, MAXnotes, 11Henry V, MAXnotes, 11HTMl, Quick Access Chart, 12

IIliad, The, MAXnotes, 11

JJane eyre, MAXnotes, 11Julius Caesar, MAXnotes, 11

KKing lear, MAXnotes, 11

Lles Misérables, MAXnotes, 11lord of the Flies, MAXnotes, 11

MMacbeth, MAXnotes, 11Math review, Quick Access Chart, 12Medical Abbreviations & Acronyms, Quick

Access Chart, 12Medical Terms: The Basics, Quick Access

Chart, 12Medical Terms: The Body, Quick Access Chart,

12Midsummer Night’s Dream, A, MAXnotes, 11Much Ado About Nothing, MAXnotes, 11Muscular System, Quick Access Chart, 12

N1984, MAXnotes, 11Nursing, Quick Access Chart, 12Nutrition, Quick Access Chart, 12

OOf Mice and Men, MAXnotes, 11Othello, MAXnotes, 11Outlook 2007, Quick Access Chart, 12

PpArCC Assessments: elA literacy Grades

6-8, 3 pArCC Assessments: elA literacy Grades

9-12, 3 periodic Table, Quick Access Chart, 12physics, Quick Access Chart, 12physics equations & Answers,

Quick Access Chart, 12powerpoint 2007, Quick Access Chart, 12precalculus, Quick Access Chart, 12pride and prejudice, MAXnotes, 11pSAT/NMSQT, Your Total Solution, 8psychology, Quick Access Chart, 12

Rraisin in the Sun, A, MAXnotes, 11richard II, MAXnotes, 11romeo and Juliet, MAXnotes, 11

SSAT, 7 Days to a Better Score, 8SAT, Your Total Solution, 8SAT, Vocabulary Flashcards, 8SAT Subject Test: Biology e/M, Crash Course,

8SAT Subject Test: Chemistry, Crash Course, 8SAT Subject Test: latin, 8SAT Subject Test: literature, 8SAT Subject Test: Math level 2, Crash Course,

8SAT Subject Test: Spanish, 8SAT Subject Test: u.S. History, 8SAT u.S. History, Flashcards, 8SAT Subject Test: World History, 8Skeletal System, Quick Access Chart, 12Spanish Conversation, Quick Access Chart, 12Spanish Grammar, Quick Access Chart, 12Spanish Verbs, Quick Access Chart, 12Spanish Vocabulary, Quick Access Chart, 12

TTale of Two Cities, A, MAXnotes, 11Taming of the Shrew, The, MAXnotes, 11Tempest, The, MAXnotes, 11Tess of the D’urbervilles, MAXnotes, 11To Kill a Mockingbird, MAXnotes, 11Trigonometry, Quick Access Chart, 12

Uu.S. Government, Quick Access Chart, 12

VVista, Quick Access Chart, 12 Vitamins & Minerals, Quick Access Chart, 12

WWeights & Measures, Quick Access Chart, 12Windows 7, Quick Access Chart, 12Windows 8, Quick Access Chart, 12Word 2007, Quick Access Chart, 12

15To order: Call 1-888-318-2665 Fax 1-877-716-7272

CLASSROOM LIBRARY COMPANY

Order Form

Payment

Quantity ISBN Title/Unit List Price Discount Price Total

Bill To: Ship To:

MasterCard

Visa

Discover

Credit Card # Signature

Exp. Date Security Code

Name

Company Name

Street Address

City State ZIP code

Phone

Name

Company Name

Street Address

City State ZIP code

Phone

Subtotal

Sales Tax (if applicable)

7% Shipping & Handling

Total

Make all checks payable to The Classroom Library Company.

Please attach a copy of your Tax Exemption Certifi cate if available.

Thank you for your business!

3901 Union Boulevard • Suite 155 • St. Louis, MO 63115toll-free: 1-888-318-2665

toll-free fax: 1-877-716-7272sales@classroomlibrarycompany.comwww.classroomlibrarycompany.com

CLASSROOM LIBRARY COMPANYTerms

Customer ServiceWe are committed to making every effort possible to provide our customers with a positive experience. If for any reason you are not satisfied with your order, please contact us within 30 days and we will happily assist you.

Ordering OptionsPhone: 1-888-318-2665Fax: 1-877-716-7272Email: [email protected]: 3901 Union Blvd., Suite 155

St. Louis, MO 63115

Purchase OrdersPurchase Orders should contain a valid Purchase order number, authorized signature, and complete contact details including billing address, shipping address, and a contact person.

Check and Credit Card OrdersCredit card and/or check orders must contain valid billing information and contact details. We accept MasterCard, Visa, American Express, and Discover.

Price and AvailabilityWe reserve the right to update pricing in accordance with publisher list pricing at the time of your order.

Sales TaxPlease include all applicable sales taxes required within your state on your purchase order.

Shipping and Delivery Information• Shipping charges apply to all orders. All orders ship prepaid.• Freight charges will be added accordingly in the amount of

7% of your discounted order total to all invoices within the continental United States.

• A minimum shipping charge of $5.00 will be added to all orders under $50.00.

• Please include any upcoming school closure dates when submitting your order.

• Please contact us for shipping charges outside the continental United States.

Payment Terms• Payment terms are Net 30.• Please see above for payment options.• Don’t forget to add any required sales or local taxes.

Returns• All product is returnable in saleable condition within 30 days

of receipt for full credit.• Please contact us prior to returning any product for

authorization to ensure proper credit.• Damaged, marked, stamped, or Magic Bound products are

non-returnable.

classroom library co. test prep catalog

Documents

endocytosis cell

cell theory1

sugarphosphate groups

hydrogen bonds

prokaryotic cell structure1

cellular respiration

energy of activation1

pairs of nucleo