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CLAUDIO MONTEVERDIStacy Capers
CLAUDIO MONTEVERDI
•May 15, 1567 – Nov 29, 1643 (died age 76)
•Baroque Italian composer
•Bridge between old and new musical practice
•Pioneer of opera
EARLY LIFEBorn in Cremona, Italy
Child prodigy Served as chorister under Marc Antonio Ingegneri at Cathedral in
Cremona
Produced first music for publication by age 15
Took position as court musician in Mantua in 1590 for Gonzaga family Began work as viola player and vocalist, promoted to conductor in
1602
Married court singer, Claudia de Cattaneis, in 1599
Two sons, Francesco and Massimiliano, and a daughter, Leonora (died in infancy)
MUSICAL WORKS
Madrigals
Operas
Some sacred music
Motets
Masses
Vespers
MONTEVERDI AND THE MADRIGAL Madrigal: secular vocal work, 2-8 voices, a cappella,
word-painting
9 books
Cultivated a new, innovative Baroque style
Irregular dissonances, bold sonorities, beginnings of functional tonality
Quinto Libro (5th book) became center of famous Monteverdi/Artusi Controversy
“Cruda Amarilli”
Music theorist, Giovanni Artusi attacks Monteverdi’s unusual practices
Monteverdi’s response: division of musical practice—Prima pratica vs. Seconda pratica
MONTEVERDI AND OPERA Created first great masterpieces in this genre
Most operas not completed or lost
3 surviving operas:
L’Orfeo
Il ritorno d’Ulisse in patria
L’incoronazione di Poppea
“Pur ti Miro” (Duet aria; Act III, scene 7)
L’ORFEO•AKA La favola d'Orfeo
•Librettist: Alessandro Striggio
•Prologue and 5 Acts
•First “great” modern opera, *but not first opera
•Based on Greek legend of Orpheus’s descent to the underworld
•Written for court performance during Carnival
L’ORFEO (CONT.)
•Monteverdi’s innovations: •Madrigal influences
• Use of monody
• Precedence of text over music
• Dynamics
•Quick tempo and harmonic changes
• Shocking dissonances
•“Tu se’ morta”, Recitative from Act II •Orfeo learns of his bride, Euridice’s death
• Dissonance represents mourning
Sung by baritone, Florian Just
LATER YEARS
•Duke Vincenzo died 1612, Monteverdi dismissed from court by Francesco, his successor
•Appointed as maestro of basilica di
San Marco in Venice • Trained court musicians, expanded repertoire
•Age 65, entered priesthood
•Died in Venice in 1643
ITALIAN TERMS•Basso continuo: (baroque music) “continued bass”; includes a bassline and harmonies played by a keyboard instrument
•Libretto: “booklet”; the text of an opera or other long vocal work
•Aria: “air”; a long, accompanied song for solo voice
•Recitativo: “recitative”; narrative/dialogue parts of an opera sung to rhythm of ordinary speech
•Maestro di capella: Master of choir/orchestra
WORKS CITEDhttp://www.oxfordmusiconline.com.libproxy.furman.edu/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000044352?rskey=qzP1BY&result=1
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Claudio_Monteverdi
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/musicapp_historical/chapter/claudio-monteverdi/
https://youtu.be/kEgLr-YVRvs
https://youtu.be/Q_o1xDJyiOU
https://youtu.be/6eA7aDYflc4