Clauses

Not the Santa kind…

Pg. 92-103

The Clause

• A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb– Ex. The magic Pooh bear sits on the cabinet.

subject verb

– Ex. Before the magic Pooh bear arrived subject verb

• There are two kinds of clauses: independent and dependent

Clauses

• An independent clause expresses a complete thought and can act as its own sentence – there is only one kind

• A dependent (or subordinate clause) does NOT express a complete thought and MUST be linked with an independent clause in order to be in a sentence – there are three kinds– Dependent clauses are introduced by specific words

such as (but not limited to) because, that, when, which, if.

Identify the Examples

• Pooh bear has caused trouble in the past

• As Pooh bear hit rock bottom in his life

• Pooh bear realized he needed to make changes in his life

• He’s really turned things around• After he go himself his first real job• Because Pooh bear was too short

to reach the fryer

The magic Pooh bear hits “rock bottom”

Adjective Clauses

• A dependent clause that acts as an adjective• Introduced by a relative pronoun or a relative

adverb

Relative Pronounsthat, who, whom, whose, which

Relative Adverbs where, when, why

Types of Adjective Clauses

• Essential Adjective Clause: provides information that is necessary to identify the preceding noun or pronoun– Ex. Mr. Pooh bear, who is Pooh bear’s father, hasn’t

spoken to his son in years.

• Nonessential Adjective Clause: adds additional information about a noun whose meaning is already clear – set off by commas– Ex. The only person who can help Pooh bear is Pooh

bear himself.

Find the Adjective Clause

• Pooh bear got a new job where he worked as a telemarketer.

• He still couldn’t reach the desk that was too high.

• The company gave him phone books to sit on that were a big help.

Pooh bear’s cubicle – he’s there, but he’s too short to see

Adverb Clauses

• A dependant clause that acts like an adverb

• Introduced by subordinating conjunctions: when, because, than, where, after, before, although, etc. (pg 27 for a full listing)– Ex. Pooh bear was a success because he

has a soothing “phone voice.”

Find the Adverb Clause

• After he climbed his way up the telemarketer ladder, Pooh bear decided he wanted to move on.

• When he was offered a job as the Waterford “class comfort bear”, he jumped at the opportunity.

• (I think he only took the job because he wanted his summers off.)

Noun Clauses

• A dependant clause that acts like a noun• What are the ways a noun can act?• Introduced by subordinating conjunctions or

pronouns.

Subordinating Conjunctions

that, how, when, where, whether, why

PronounsWhat, whatever, who, whom, whoever, whomever, which, whichever

Noun Clauses

• Ex. Now, Pooh bear is doing what makes him happy.

• Tip: if you can replace the clause with the word someone or something, then the clause is a noun clause– Ex. Now, Pooh bear is doing

something.

Pooh bear’s summer job

Find the Noun Clause

• Pooh bear does not know what life is going to throw his way next.

• He does know, however, that he can handle it.

• What people need to realize is that Pooh bear is more than just a cuddly face; he’s a role model, too.

Sentence Structure

• The structure of a sentence is based on how many independent and/or dependant clauses are in each sentence

• The four sentence structures are simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex.

Simple Sentences

• A simple sentence is one independent clause.

• Ex. Pooh bear works hard at his job.

Pooh bear’s brothers and sisters.

Compound Sentence

• Two or more independent clauses.– Ex. The magic Pooh bear looks good

AND

– He is a big hit the ladies.

• Independent clauses can be joined in three ways: – Comma + FANBOYS– Semicolon– Semicolon + conjunctive adverb + comma

(conjunctive adverbs like consequently, however, nevertheless, therefore – pg 27)

Complex Sentences

• One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses

• Ex. Even though he is raking in the cash, Pooh bear does not let his new success go to his head.

Compound-Complex Sentences

• Two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

• Ex. I heard Pooh bear was offered a job to be Paris Hilton’s “comfort bear”, but he turned it down because he can’t stand the phrase, “that’s hot.”

Identify the Examples

• The magic Pooh bear has two step brothers.

• Pooh bear also wears a kerchief that was given to him by Heather Graham.

• If Pooh bear had not been raised as a wild child, he might have gone to college, and we might not have had the privilege of working with him in this class.

Identify the Examples

• Pooh bear’s mom is a Care Bear who wishes to remain anonymous to the public.

• Pooh bear’s dad is Smokey the Bear.• Don’t let his lineage change what you think

of Pooh bear.• After Smokey the Bear left, Pooh bear’s

mom married the son of Paddington.• That explains Pooh bear’s slight British

accent.

More Family Photos

Pooh bear’s mom Pooh bear’s dad