cle ppt 4point1.pptx
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ContemporaryBioethical
PrinciplePrepared by: Micaela Garcia
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ContemporaryBioethicalPrinciple1. Principle of Respect for
Autonomy2. Principle ofNonmalecence3. Principle of Benecence
4. Principle of Justice
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1. PRINCIPLE OFRESPEC FORA!ONO"#
Autonomy $ he capacity of a system toma%e its o&n 'ecisions a(out its actions
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) he (ioethicists om L.Beauchamp an' *ames F.Chil'ress 'iscusse' &ell
these contemporary
principles in their (oo%PRINCIPLES OF BIO"E+ICALE,ICS.
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) It is “ to acknowledge that person’s right to hold
views, to make choices, andto take actions based on
personal values andbeliefs.”
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!e medical professional" #!o respect!e autonomy of !is or !er patient" mpro$ide !im or !er #it! all t!e informa!e or s!e needs in order to ma%e a ri&decision re&ardin& !is or !er illness.
'But t!e medical professional a!ould noma%e t!e dicision for !is or !er patient.
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RE"E"BER-
( !e patient)s autonomy must besafe&uarded at all times.
( *t is t!e patient #!o must decide.( +e or s!e needs to decide accordin& t
or !er c!eris!ed $alues and beliefs.( *f t!e patient is in no position to ma%e
suc! a decision" t!e ri&!t passes on toor !er nearest relati$e.
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1. PRINCIPLE OFNON"ALEFICENCE
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) Eery physician ta%es the
,ippocratic Oath.
/,ippocratic Oath $ An oath ta%en (yphysicians to o(sere me'ical ethics
'eriin0 from ,ippocrates
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) One of its tenets states- “I wil prescribe regimen for the goodof my patients according to my
ability and my judgment, andnever do harm to anyone.” Regimen !medicine" a systematic plan for therapy !often including diet"
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) hus as presente' (yBeauchamp an' Chil'ress )h
principle of nonmale2cenceasserts an o(li0ation not to
in3ict harm on others. Inme'ical ethics it has (eenclosely associate' &ith the
ma4imum #rimum non nocere5A(oe all 'o not harm.67
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8or' Ori0inNonmale2cence comes from the latin&or's- 91: non ; no< 9=: male$ eil&ron0< 9>: facere ; 'o.
/In other &or's nonmale2cence
ethimolo0ically means 'o no eil or 'o
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) he me'ical professional musneer 'o anythin0 that &ill har
or &ill (e &ron0 for his or herpatient
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>. Principle ofBene2cence
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) Bene2cence comes fromthe Latin &or's- 91: bene $
0oo'< 9=: facere $ do.
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) "e'ical professionalsshoul' not only aoi' toharm their patients< they
must contri(ute to their&elfare.
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) In other words, they musttake positive steps to half
others% medical
professionals must dogood.
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) he t&o factors on &hich
this principle is (ase'.
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,. Patients mustderi$e somebenet from t!e
medicalser$ices t!eyrecei$e.
he t&o factors on &hich thisprinciple is (ase'-
2. -uc! beneoften comesfrom t!e o$e
balance of &results o$er bad results.
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?. PRINCIPLE OF *!SICE
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) It &as the @ree% philosopherAristotle &ho enunciate' &ell t
meanin0 of the principle-
&'uals must be treated e'ually, aune'uals must be treated une'ua
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) All persons are eual in 'i0nity a&orth re0ar'less of race
(ac%0roun' &ealth or attainmen
life.
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) But a host of other factors must consi'ere' in the concrete allotm
of oftentimes scarce me'ical
resources.
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) Beauchamp an' Chil'ress haepointe' out the follo&in0 as the
consi'erations in puttin0 into th
principle of ustice.
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Principles of *ustice
o each person an eualshare<o each
personaccor'in0 to
nee'<
o eachpersonaccor'in
0 toeort<
o eachperson accor'in0 to
contri(ution<
o eachperson
accor'in0 tmerit<
o each accor'in0 t
mar%et e4ch
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!e person #!o is in &reater need must
&i$en ur&ent medical attention. !us" one #!o is in lifet!reatenin& situmust be cared for rst rat!er t!an one #ill but is in no immediate dan&er of dyin
/ne #!o !as e0erted more e1ort to obtnecessary medical treatment deser$es treated rst.
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!e indi$idual #!o !as contributed more to
enterprise li%e in disco$ery of t!e dru& or in buildin& of t!e medical facility is entitled to attention before ot!ers.
/ne #!ose life is of &reater #ort! to t!e co
&ood of society also deser$es to be treated
inally" t!e one #!o can a1ord t!e treatmen&ranted t!at all t!e precedin& considerationeual footin&" is entitled to necessary medic