clean vehicles possibilities and barriers jonas ericson city of stockholm environment & health...
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Clean VehiclesPossibilities and Barriers
Jonas Ericson
City of StockholmEnvironment & Health department
M I L J Ö I L A R i S t o c k h o l m
The Problem
0
500
1000
1500
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060
Global energy scenario exajoules
Copyright- Shell International Petroleum
Surprise Geothermic Sun Biomass Wind Nuclear Hydropower Other gases Oil & natural gas Coal Wood
+2% per.år.
M I L J Ö I L A R i S t o c k h o l m
The Solution?
The ultimate Clean vehicle?
The vehicles are here!
More than 75 vehicle models of different types
and fuels in EU
The fuels are here
•Ethanol •Biogas•Biodiesel•CNG
Substitution potential today
30 %
Potential tomorrow60-70 %
Hybrid technology potential
30 %
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The Chicken & EggDilemma
No vehicles
No buyersNo fuelling
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Who’s Problem?
• Neutral informationNeutral information
• Vehicle ownersVehicle owners• Buyers of Buyers of transportstransports• IncentivesIncentives
• InfrastructureInfrastructure
CITIES AND REGIONSCITIES AND REGIONS
• Fuel producerFuel producer
M I L J Ö I L A R i S t o c k h o l m
The AFV development chain
Municipalfleet
1-2 models1 fuel stn
Companyfleets
+ 1-2 models+1-2 fuel stn
Privatecompanies
Many modelsFull fuelling infrastructure
Privatecitizens
AFV like any other choice
M I L J Ö I L A R i S t o c k h o l m
Market introduction of new technologyMarket introduction of new technology
early adopters
most buyers
late adopters
mar
ket
siz
e
time
M I L J Ö I L A R i S t o c k h o l m
Support needed
5 %
Stockholm• Bus fleet on
ethanol & biogas
• Waste trucks on biogas
• City fleet on biogas, ethanol & hybrid
M I L J Ö I L A R i S t o c k h o l m
The Barriers
High costs
Increase the market!Buy many! = co-operate!
Clean vehicles are expensive• Technology development• Educate sellers• Educate maintenance• Spare part chain + SMALL market
M I L J Ö I L A R i S t o c k h o l m
Joint procurement
Electric vehicles in Zeus - 500 Ford Focus Ethanol - 3 000 Clean vehicles in Trendsetter
5 000
•Introduction on market •10-50 % Lower price•Doubling fuel stations
Greening transportation
by procuring:
Clean Vehicles Entrepreneurs working for
the public– transport services for the
municipality– public transport– waste collection– taxis driving for the public
M I L J Ö I L A R i S t o c k h o l m
• Biogas : 7 + 5 • Ethanol : 26 + 6• Fast charging : 6• Normal charging : 40
Fuelling
No congestion charges No/Reduced parking fees Green procurement Test fleet Taxi priority Subsidies for special vehicles Tax discounts on fuels & cars
Permission to use bus lanes Access to restricted areas Designated parking spaces
Incentives
M I L J Ö I L A R i S t o c k h o l m
Information
Campaigns Demonstration events Advertising Newspapers, TV Web Telephone advise
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The national level
Long term (8-12 years) tax reductions on alternative fuels
Long term tax reductions on vehicles Government procurement of alternative
fuelled vehicles Definition of alternative fuelled vehicles
– Free parking
– Free driving in congestion charging zone
– Other incentives
M I L J Ö I L A R i S t o c k h o l m
The Results
Sold AFVs in Stockholm
0,0%
1,0%
2,0%
3,0%
4,0%
5,0%
6,0%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mar
ket s
hare
(%)
Etanol
Biogas
El & hybrid
Prognosis by sellers
M I L J Ö I L A R i S t o c k h o l m
Clean vehicles in Stockholm Jan 2005
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Ethanol
Heavy etanol
Heavy biogas
Biogas
Hybrids
Electric
M I L J Ö I L A R i S t o c k h o l m
225 + 160
M I L J Ö I L A R i S t o c k h o l m
Conclusions
• Cities and regions can set off the development - today!
• Use yor procurement power - require transport services to be clean
• Increase your procurement power - cooperate!
The Future
Bioethanol for Sustainable Transport
• 10 000 vehicles
• 10 cities
• 150 fuelling stations
• Improved production
BIOGAS as vehicle fuel - MArket eXpansion to 2020
• Biogas production in 6 cities
• Biogas Highway
• 25 000 vehicles
New and Innovative Concepts for Helping European transport Sustainability
What?Gather best practise and extract the essenceAssess the transferabilitySpread the word
Non-polluting & energy efficient vehicles Policy strategy to deploy private AFVs Biogas in captive fleets Joint procurement of AFVs
www.niches-transport.org
If you are looking for cleanroad transporation…
- Listen to interesting speakers - Discuss possible solutions- Try new technique- Meet:
• producers• buyers• users • decision makers
Stockholm 8-10 november
For up-to-date information, visit www.cleanvehicles.net
Miljöbilar i Sthlm
Environmental performance of alternative fuels (LCA)
BioDiesel
LPG
CNG
Global effect (C02)
LocalEmissions(NOx, HC, PM)
Source: Miljöfaktabok för bränslen, IVL Svenska miljöinstitutet 2001
Diesel
Petrol
Ethanol
Electric
Electric hybrid
Fuel Cell
Biogas
Biogas potentials as % of all vehicle fuel(conventional organic waste, use of currently set-aside land, assumed 8 % of annual forest growth)
0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0
United Kingdom
Sweden
Spain
Portugal
Netherlands
Luxemburg
Italy
Ireland
Greece
Germany
France
Finland
Denmark
Belgium
Austria
waste
set-aside
forest
A summary of EU-15 biogas potential(Eurostat base data, plus certain assumptions) country waste set-aside forest total total total
biogas biogas biogas biogas trspt. fuel biogaspot. TWh pot. TWh pot.
TWhpot. TWh TWh pot. %
Austria 8,0 2,3 6,8 17,1 67,5 25,3Belgium 10,0 1,1 1,2 12,3 90,7 13,6Denmark 5,3 8,1 0,8 14,3 43,0 33,2Finland 5,2 3,6 17,9 26,7 43,0 62,0France 59,0 56,2 22,4 137,6 493,1 27,9Germany 82,0 42,1 22,2 146,3 653,6 22,4Greece 11,0 0,5 0,9 12,4 61,6 20,2Ireland 3,8 1,5 0,8 6,2 37,2 16,6Italy 58,0 3,7 7,7 69,5 426,8 16,3Luxemburg 0,4 0,1 0,2 0,6 17,4 3,5Netherlands 16,0 0,9 0,7 17,6 111,6 15,8Portugal 10,0 0,7 3,6 14,4 65,1 22,1Spain 40,0 24,9 7,2 72,1 303,5 23,8Sweden 8,9 8,1 23,0 40,0 73,3 54,5UK 59,0 33,9 3,7 96,6 445,4 21,7EU-15 376,6 187,8 119,2 683,6 2933,1 23,3