CLIMATE CLIMATE ANDAND

WEATHERWEATHER

CLIMATE AND ENERGYCLIMATE AND ENERGY► Energy from the sun warms the curved Energy from the sun warms the curved

surface of Earth. The curve of the surface surface of Earth. The curve of the surface creates different climate zones. Energy creates different climate zones. Energy from the sun also powers Earth’s water from the sun also powers Earth’s water cycle and creates weather patterns.cycle and creates weather patterns.

SUN, ATMOSPHERE, AND SUN, ATMOSPHERE, AND OCEANOCEAN

►Energy from the sun is called solar energy. Solar energy heats Earth.

►Earth’s atmosphere is made of air. The air keeps Earth warm like a blanket.

►Oceans can hold heat. It takes a long time for the temperature of ocean water to change.

WHAT GASES ARE IN THE AIRWHAT GASES ARE IN THE AIR

► Composition of Dry Air ► Substance CHEMICAL SYMBOL % (by

volume) ► Nitrogen N2 78.08 ► Oxygen O2 20.95 ► Argon Ar 0.93 ► Carbon dioxide CO2 0.033 ► Neon Ne 0.0018 ► Helium He 0.00052 ► Methane CH4 0.0002 ► Krypton Kr 0.00011 ► Nitrogen oxide N2O 0.00005 ► Hydrogen H2 0.00005 ► Xenon Xe 0.0000087

► Ozone O3 0.000001

AIRING IT OUTAIRING IT OUT

VOCABULARYVOCABULARY

►Temperature inversionTemperature inversion- Earth is - Earth is usually warmest close to the surface. usually warmest close to the surface. However, sometimes air close to the However, sometimes air close to the ground can be colder than air higher ground can be colder than air higher up. This is called temperature up. This is called temperature inversion.inversion.

►SmogSmog- Dirty air that is made up of - Dirty air that is made up of smoke and fog.smoke and fog.

SMOG (LA)SMOG (LA)

SMOG (CHINA)SMOG (CHINA)

SMOG (MEXICO CITY)SMOG (MEXICO CITY)

SMOG (MEXICO CITY)SMOG (MEXICO CITY)

TEMPERATURE INVERSIONSTEMPERATURE INVERSIONSAND SMOGAND SMOG

► In cities such as Los Angeles, Mexico In cities such as Los Angeles, Mexico City, and Beijing, temperature City, and Beijing, temperature inversions sometimes make the air inversions sometimes make the air dangerous. The cool air keeps smog, a dangerous. The cool air keeps smog, a combination of smoke and fog, close to combination of smoke and fog, close to the ground. Mountains around the city the ground. Mountains around the city stop the low, cool air and smog from stop the low, cool air and smog from blowing away. The smog stays until blowing away. The smog stays until the cool air becomes warm. Then the the cool air becomes warm. Then the smog rises and blows away.smog rises and blows away.

SMOG (NY)SMOG (NY)