climate change adaptations and agri-extension punjab dr muhammad anjum ali director general...

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATIONS AND AGRI-EXTENSION PUNJAB

DR MUHAMMAD ANJUM ALIDIRECTOR GENERAL AGRICULTURE

(EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEARCH)PUNJAB

CLIMATE CHANGE IS NO MORE AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN. IT HAS

EMERGED AS THE BIGGEST DEVELOPMENTAL CHALLENGE FOR THE

PLANET. ( UNDP 2009)

CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE

Agriculture sector being closely tied to natural resource base is more vulnerable to

climate change

CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND EXTREME EVENTS

FOOD SYSTEM

CROPPING SYSTEM

CROPS AND LIVESTOCK

RISKS

RISKS ON AGRICULTURE

Affects Livelihood, Food Security and Economy• CROPS, Low productivity and poor Quality of produce• Land-Man Ratio• Soil and Water Resources, Degradation and Depletion• Deforestation and Desertification• Soil Health and Depletion of nutrients• Soil, Water and air Contamination• Flooding

TEMPERATURES, HUMIDITY, RAINFALL

CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONSClimatic Variability and Extreme Events• –Temperature Rise: 0.2 degree Centigrade per decade • –Mean Summer Rainfall to increase• –Frequent and Longer dry spells• –Shorter but Heavier Precipitation Events• –Hot Extremes, Heat Waves to be more common • –Contraction of Snow Cover• –Rise in Sea Levels Degradation of Natural Resources (Land/Water/Bio-diversity)

Directorate of Adaptive Research PunjabAdaptive Research, Farms Adaptive Research, Stations

ADAPTIVE RESEARCH

SYSTEM IN PUNJAB

CHAKWAL ZONE• Adaptive Research Farm Chakwal is located

between Latitude 32 – 56o N & Longitude 72 – 44o E. The Altitude is 450 – 1050m. Cool sub-humid climate. The annual Rain Fall is 200-700 mm.

• Barani area. Groundnut, wheat, Sarsoon, Millet and Sorghum are the major crops. Soil, eroded losses.

• Rawalpindi, Attock, Chakwal & Jhelum districts falls under this zone.

GUJRANWALA ZONE• Adaptive Research Farm Gujranwala is located

between Latitude 32.16o N & Longitude 74.18o –E. The Altitude is 226 m. The annual Rain Fall is 396-992 mm

• Rice tract. Dominant cropping system rice-wheat-rice. Soil mainly clay loam. Tube-well supply.

• Gujranwala, Hafizabad, Sialkot, Narowal, Gujrat and M.B Din districts falls under this zone.

SHEIKHUPURA ZONE• Adaptive Research Farm Sheikhupura is located between

Latitude 31o – 42o N & Longitude 73o – 59o E. The Altitude is 209.57 m. Moist sub-humid climate. The annual Rain Fall is 250 – 500 mm.

• Rice tract. Main crop rotation rice-wheat-rice. Soil varies from clay loam to sandy loam. Canal irrigated supplemented with tube-well supply.

• Lahore, Sheikhupura, Nankana Sahib and Kasur districts falls under this zone.

SARGODHA ZONE• Adaptive Research Farm Sargodha is located between

Latitude 72.40 – 16o N Longitude 32.5 – 1o E. The Altitude is 187 m. The climate is semi-arid to arid. The mean annual rainfall is 300 to 500 mm in the east and 200 – 300 mm in the southwest.

• Mixed cropping zone. Wheat, Sugarcane, Rice, Cotton, Maize and Citrus (Fruits) are the main crops. Soil loam to sandy loam, saline in nature. Under ground water, generally not good.

• Sargodha, Khushab, Faisalabad, Jhang, Chiniot and T.T Singh districts falls under this zone.

VEHARI ZONE• Adaptive Research Farm Vehari is located between

Latitude 30.02 - 31o N & Longitude 72.21 – 10o E. The Altitude is 135 m. Hot Arid climate. The annual Rain fall is 125 – 275mm.

• Cotton zone. Cotton, wheat, citrus, Potato, Maize and mango (fruits) are the dominant crops. Soil, sandy loam, perennial canal supply supplemented with tube wells.

• Multan, Vehari, Lodhran, Khanewal, Sahiwal, Okara, Pakpattan and Bahawalnagar districts falls under this zone.

KAROR(LAYYAH) ZONE• Adaptive Research Farm Karor (Layyah) is located

between Latitude 30.58o N & Longitude 70.56o E. The Altitude is 143 m. Arid climate. The annual Rain Fall is 150-250 mm

• Thal zone. Gram and guara are the major crops. Soil, deserts having the peculiar sandy soils. In plain valleys canal irrigation. Under ground water, fit for irrigation in pockets

• Layyah, Muzaffargarh, Bhakkar & Mianwali falls under this zone.

DERA GAZI KHAN ZONE• Adaptive Research Farm Dera Ghazi Khan is

located between Latitude 29.31o N & Longitude 69.71o E. The Altitude is 210 m. Hot arid climate. The annual Rain Fall is 80 – 100 mm.

• Cotton zone. Cotton, wheat, sugarcane and sorghum are the major crops. Soil heavy clay, sub-mountainous. Perennial and semi, perennial canal supply. Hill torrents. Under ground water mostly unfit.

• D.G Khan & Rajanpur districts fall under this zone.

RAHIM YAR KHAN ZONE• Adaptive Research Farm Rahim Yar Khan is located

between Latitude 27.40 – 29.16o N & Longitude 60.45 – 70.01o E. The Altitude is 81m. Hot Arid climate. The annual Rain Fall is 80-150 mm.

• Cotton zone. Cotton, wheat, Mango and sugarcane are the major crops. Soil sandy loam having saline tracts. Perennial canal supply. Under ground water, mostly unfit.

• Bahawalpur & R.Y Khan districts falls under this zone.

PUNJAB AGRICULTURE

S.No. Crop Cropped

Area% Age S.No. Crop Cropped

Area % Age

PUNJAB TOTAL 41,021 100 7 Maize 1460.4 3.6

1 Wheat 16154 39.4 8 Bajra 1010 2.5

2 Cotton 5705 13.9 9 Jowar 408 1.0

3 Fodder 4553 11.1 10 Potato 398 1.0

4 Rice 4229 10.3 11Rapeseed/Mustard

328 0.8

5 Gram 2261 5.5 12 Others 2618 6.4

6 Sugarcane 1897 4.6

Thousand Acres Cultivated Area = 31.054 Million AcresCropped Area = 41.021 Million Acres

PUNJAB AGRICULTURE

PUNJAB’S SHARE IN NATIONAL PRODUCTION

Crop 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Av.

2008-12

Wheat

74.47

76.64 76.87 75.52 75.88

Rice

54.06

56.40 57.95 60.16 57.14

Cotton

77.75

74.04 66.23 67.94 71.49

Sugarcane

63.06

64.53 63.44 67.77 64.70

Maize

74.74

73.41 76.68 79.83 76.17

Gram

81.65

88.89 86.91 86.51 85.99

AREA UNDER DIFFERENT CROPS

1993

-94

1994

-95

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-00

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

2005

-06

2006

-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

2009

-10

2010

-11

2011

-12

2012

-13

1000.0

2000.0

3000.0

4000.0

5000.0

6000.0

7000.0

COTTON Area (000 Acres)

Area(000 Acres)

Axis Title

1993

-94

1994

-95

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-00

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

2005

-06

2006

-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

2009

-10

2010

-11

2011

-12

2012

-13

12500.0

13000.0

13500.0

14000.0

14500.0

15000.0

15500.0

16000.0

16500.0

17000.0

17500.0

WHEAT Area (000 Acres)

Area(000 Acres)

Axis Title

1993

-94

1994

-95

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-00

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

2005

-06

2006

-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

2009

-10

2010

-11

2011

-12

2012

-13

0.0

1000.0

2000.0

3000.0

4000.0

5000.0

6000.0

RICE Area (000 Acres)

Area(000 Acres)

Axis Title

1993

-94

1994

-95

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-00

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

2005

-06

2006

-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

2009

-10

2010

-11

2011

-12

2012

-13

0.0

500.0

1000.0

1500.0

2000.0

2500.0

SUGARCANE Area (000 Acres)

Area(000 Acres)

Axis Title

AREA OF CROPS IN DIFFERENT AGRO-

ECOLOGICAL ZONES

COTTON Area (000 Acres)

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Cotton (Area 000 Acres

SheikhupuraGujranwalaSargodhaChakwalD.G.KhanVehariLayyahR.Y.Khan

Axis Title


1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350


SheikhupuraGujranwalaSargodhaChakwalD.G.KhanVehariLayyahR.Y.Khan

Axis Title

VULNERABILITY OF CLIMATE

1.RAINFALL2.MINIMUM TEMPERATURE3.MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE4.RELATIVE HUMIDITY5.PEST AND DISEASES6.SOIL DEGRADATION7.WATER AVAILABILITY

RAINFALL PATTERN IN DIFFERENT AGRO-

ECOLOGICAL ZONES

GUJRANWALA

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

50

100

150

200

250

AV. April to Sep.Av. Oct to March

R.Y. KHAN

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50


VEHARI

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

10

20

30

40

50

60


SHEIKHUPURA

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200


CHAKWAL

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200


LAYYAH

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


D.G. KHAN

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

10

20

30

40

50

60


SARGODHA

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

20

40

60

80

100

120


MINIMUM TEMPERATURE PATTERN IN DIFFERENT

AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES

GUJRANWALA

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Min Temp


Axis Title

R.Y. KHAN

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Min Temp


Axis Title

VEHARI

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Min Temp

AV. April to Sep.Av. Oct to MarchAxis Title

CHAKWAL

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Min Temp


Axis Title

SHEIKHUPURA

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Min Temp


Axis Title

LAYYAH

2004200520062007200820092010201120120

5

10

15

20

25

30

Min Temp


Axis Title

D.G. KHAN

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

5

10

15

20

25

30

Min Temp


SARGODHA

2004200520062007200820092010201120120

5

10

15

20

25

30

Min Temp


Axis Title

MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE PATTERN IN DIFFERENT

AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES

R.Y. KHAN

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Max Temp


Axis Title

GUJRANWALA

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Max Temp


Axis Title

VEHARI

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Max Temp


SHEIKHUPURA

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Max Temp


Axis Title

CHAKWAL

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Max Temp


Axis Title

LAYYAH

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Max Temp


Axis Title

D.G. KHAN

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Max Temp


Axis Title

SARGODHA

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Max Temp


Axis Title

HUMIDITITY PATTERN IN DIFFERENT AGRO-

ECOLOGICAL ZONES

GUJRANWALA

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Humidity


Axis Title

R.Y. KHAN

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Humidity


Axis Title

VEHARI

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Humidity


Axis Title

SHEIKHUPURA

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Humidity


Axis Title

CHAKWAL

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Humidity


Axis Title

LAYYAH

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 201250

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

Humidity


Axis Title

D.G. KHAN

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

Humidity


Axis Title

SARGODHA

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Humidity


Axis Title

PESTS AND DISEASES

THRIPS INFESTATION TREND ON COTTON

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

% Hot Spots

Note: Optimum temperature and humidity required for growth of thrips is >35C and <60%, respectively

COTTON MEALY BUG INFESTATION ON COTTON

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

% Hot Spots

Note: Optimum temperature and humidity required for growth of cotton mealy bug is 30-40 C and 60-65%, respectively

MITES INFESTATION TREND ON COTTON

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

% Hot Spots

Note: Optimum temperature and humidity required for growth of mites is >35C and <50%, respectively

DUSKY COTTON BUG INFESTATION TREND ON

COTTON

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

% Hot Spots

Note: Optimum temperature and humidity required for growth of dusky cotton bug is 28-40 C and 50-80%, respectively

COTTON LEAF CURL VIRUS TREND ON COTTON

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00% Spots Infected

NUTRIENT DEPLETION OVER PERIODSoil K (ppm)

250 Soil

Organic

Matter (%)

10

240 8

230

Soil P (ppm)

220 4 Y=0.83-0.02x (OM)Y=250.70-3.52x (K)Y=5.89-0.23x (P)

210 2

0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

6

AARI REPORTS

WATER AVALIBILITY

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

Actual Supply

KharifRabi

Axis Title

Estimated 13/14

Share. Rabi. 34.65 MAF, Kharif 19.75 MAF

POPULATION OF PUNJAB (Million Ton)

2009-10 2014-15 2019-20 2024-25 2029-30 2034-35 2039-40 2044-45 2049-500

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

93.7

103.8

112.9

121.2128.3 130.3

137.5144.6

151.8

Population in MillionCourtesy. AARI Report

WHEAT PROJECTIONS (Million Ton)

2009-10 2014-15 2019-20 2024-25 2029-30 2034-35 2039-40 2044-45 2049-500

5

10

15

20

25

30

17.76

19.69

21.4

22.9824.32 24.71

26.06

27.42

28.77

Tentative Wheat Requirement Million Ton in Punjab

AARI REPORTS

RICE PROJECTIONS (Million Ton)

2009-10 2014-15 2019-20 2024-25 2029-30 2034-35 2039-40 2044-45 2049-500

1

2

3

4

5

6

3.3

3.66

3.98

4.284.53 4.6

4.855.1

5.35

Tentative Rice Requirement Million Ton in Punjab

SUGARCANE PROJECTIONS (Million Ton)

2009-10 2014-15 2019-20 2024-25 2029-30 2034-35 2039-40 2044-45 2049-500

10

20

30

40

50

60

36.11

40.03

43.51

46.7249.45 50.24

52.99

55.75

58.5

Tentative Sugarcane Requirement Million Ton in Punjab

COTTON PROJECTIONS (Million Ton)

2009-10 2014-15 2019-20 2024-25 2029-30 2034-35 2039-40 2044-45 2049-500

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

9.64

10.69

11.62

12.47

13.2 13.41

14.15

14.88

15.62

Tentative Cotton Requirement Million Ton in Punjab

WAY FORWARD1. Development of Drought, Submergence, Salt,

Temperature, resistance varieties/ crops for different climatic regions2. Adaptive Research System shall be fortified to meet the

new challenges3. Education, Extension and Aggressive awareness about

vulnerability of Climate Change for its preparedness 4. Use in ICT in Agriculture Extension in Punjab5. Strengthening of Linkages with Pakmet and other

institutes6. Promotion of low delta water crops instead of high

water delta crops.

WAY FORWARD7. Adjustment in sowing time of crops i.e. recommended

last date of sowing of wheat has been changed from 10th November to 20th November.

8. Promotion of Laser Land Leveling, Ridge/bed sowing of crops to overcome the problem of water scarcity and save the crops from high rains.

9. Contingency Plan for each Agro-Ecological zone has been prepared

10.Flood Management plan (Pre-flood, During Flood and after Flood circulated

THANKS

PRE-FLOODCreate awareness among the farming community through farmer trainings, print and electronic media;To secure seed, fertilizer, tools, implements and farm machinery ete. at safer places.1. To make safety measures for tube well boring and engine.2. To secure Bhoosa and dry fodders at safer places.3. To secure vegetables, fodder and seed.4. To motivate farmers from un-flood/safe area farmers to grow more

fodders.5. Agro-met reports and other alerts about rains for farmers.6. To promote water loving crops in and around river beds and flood

plains 7. Promotion of Sugarcane and Rice in riverside areas having

maximum chances of flood water movement rather than Cotton.8. Encourage the farmers to locate relatively safe places having

less marching time to shift livestock there at once.

1. To survey and assess the damage of crops (area and production).

2. To coordinate with Livestock, Water Management and Fisheries

3. Departments in the assessment of damages and re-habilitation.

4. To assist in Seed and Fertilizer/Inputs distribution campaign.

5. To motivate the farming community to grow more fodder and early season Rabi crops as well as Vegetables/Kitchen Gardening

6. To provide pumps for drainage of water from sensitive crops like Mango and Cotton.

7. To educate the farmers for use of agronomic and plant protection measures for safety of their orchards and crops.

AFTER FLOOD

8. For early recovery of flood inundated land, 13ulldozer operation is unavoidable. Uptill now, more than 1,15,000 hours of Bulldozer work has been carried out to rehabilitate the flood ruined land of last year floods.

9. The rehabilitation work is performed on the requests of Departments/Authorities stated above and after depletion of flood water on the requests of farmers under existing Hiring Policy Rules.

10.Due to soil deposition, the fields become un-leveled after flood.11.Proper leveling may be done. Laser leveling is the best option.12.Renovation of irrigation system and repair of

watercourses/minors should be done at the earliest.13.After drainage of flood water when fields attains desired

moisture level (Watter) they should be cultivated and the possible crops like vegetables, pulses, fodders etc. should be sown.

.

AFTER FLOOD

14. Government should facilitate the provision of Seeds, Fertilizers and other necessary inputs for the rehabilitation of the farming system to offset the flood losses

15. Rehabilitation of road and paths may be done at top priority as they play key role in linking Farms with Markets.

16. Damaged crops may be incorporated in the soil to enhance the organic matter, which will improve the soil structure.

17. Excess water from the orchards may be drained as early as possible.

18. There should be enough food reserves in flood safe areas to cater the food of flood affected peoples.

19. Significant arrangements should be in place to ensure vaccination of farm animals.

AFTER FLOOD

climate change adaptations and agri-extension punjab dr muhammad anjum ali director general...

Documents

adaptive research punjab

o n longitude

farms adaptive research

rainfall slide

soil loam

climate change adaptations

mixed cropping zone

rice tract