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SIDS-Tourism: Tourism as a Key Sector for

Development in Island StatesClimate Change and Environmental Challenges

The CARIBSAVE Partnership & C-FISH

Dr Murray Simpson

Chief Executive Officer, CARIBSAVE

Business Fellow, University of Oxford

Melia Nassau Resort

Bahamas, 20th February 2014

Slide 2 Protecting and enhancing the livelihoods, environments and economies of the Caribbean Basin

Tourism

Coastal protection

Fisheries

Coral Reefs – The Coastal “Fabric” of the Caribbean

In the Caribbean, on of the most imporant ecosystems are coral reefs. This picture is of the Buccoo Reef in Tobago where I lived for 8 years, and had the pleasure of working with Lauretta on an ecostem valuation of tobago’s coral reefs. Their value to the fisheries, toruism and coastal protection has been estimated in a umber of studeis, and we will be hearing from lauratta about this after my presentation. Mantaining the ecosystem services provided by Coral reefs is critical to the economic and social sustainability of the Caribbean region

Slide 3 SIDS-Tourism Environmental Challenges

Changing Climate - Changing Coasts

• Rising sea levels

• Intense storms and rainfall events, and coastal siltation

• Beach Erosion

• Higher water temperatures

• Coral Bleaching

• Fish migration

• Ocean acidification

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This diagram shows the linkages quite well – all starting from increased C02 levelsin the atmosphere

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This diagram shows the linkages quite well – all starting from increased C02 levelsin the atmosphere

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The aim of the CCCRA (2012) was to analyse the vulnerability of the tourismsector and related sectors to climate change, and suggest adaptationstrategies.

The CCCRA was funded by UKaid from the United Kingdom Department forInternational Development (DFID) and the Australian Agency for InternationalDevelopment (AusAID).

The project was implemented with the CCCCC and UWI in 15 Caricomcountries: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize,Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Jamaica, Nevis, St. Lucia, St Kitts,St Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and the Turks and Caicos, over aperiod of 3 years.

The main outputs from CCCRA are Climate Change Risk Country Profiles

www.caribsave.org

CARIBSAVE CLIMATE CHANGE RISK ATLAS (CCCRA)

Between 2009 and 2012, I was heavily involved in a project called the Caribsave climate change risk atlas CCCRA. The aim of the CCCRA was to reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience of the tourism sector and related sectors, vital to the economy and livelihoods of the Caribbean region. The CCCRA was funded by UKaid from the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) and the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID). The project was implemented with CCCCC in 15 countries: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Jamaica, Nevis, St. Lucia, St Kitts, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and the Turks and Caicos, over a period of 3 years (2008-2011). The main outputs from CCCRA are Climate Change Risk Country Profiles which detail the key climate processes and results specific to

each country

Slide 14 CCCRA Methodology & Approach

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The Coral Reef Crisis

Beach erosion in Antigua, in the south-west coast

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The Coral Reef Crisis

Here in Barbados near Mullins bay

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And here in St Kitts and Nevis

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The Coral Reef Crisis

Also barbados, west coast, south of Mullins bay

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Total Annual and Capital Costs of SLR in CARICOM Countries

2050s 2080s

Annual

Costs

US$ billion

Capital

Costs

US$ billion

Annual

Costs

US$ billion

Capital

Costs

US$ billion

Mid-Range SLR

Scenario

3.9 26 13.5 68.2

High SLR

Scenario

6.1 60.7 19.4 187

(in 2010 USD)SOURCE: Quantification and Magnitude of Losses and Damages Resulting from the Impacts of Climate Change: Modelling the

Transformational Impacts and Costs of Sea Level Rise in the Caribbean. CARIBSAVE 2010

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Barbados Boardwalk

CZMU, Barbados

A much more serious and succesful engineering option was used on the south-west coast of barbados, in Hastings. This is the Rockley Beach, and there is the Hilton hotel

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Barbados Boardwalk

CZMU, Barbados

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Barbados Boardwalk

So they planned and designed a series if grains and a seawall and a boardwalk for a 1.2 km strech of coastline, which is now calle dthe Richard Haynes Boardwalk. The total cost was 24million us$ funded by IADB and Government of Barbados

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Engineering Options - Good examples

• Sound science, detailed planning and intensive modeling

• Integrate climate change knowledge and expertise

• Public consultations

• Quality engineering

• Maintenance and monitoring

• Soft and Hard!

•Integrated with management of coastal ecosystems – coral reef

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Ecosystem- Based Adaptation

“ Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) harnesses the adaptive forces

of nature and provides one of the most widely applicable,

economically viable and effective tools to combat the impacts of

climate change.

The low-cost, flexible approaches of EbA can also provide multiple

other benefits, such as poverty alleviation, sustainable development,

carbon storage and biodiversity protection.”

Dr Pam Berry, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford

Science for Environment Policy

THEMATIC ISSUE: Ecosystem-based Adaptation

March 2013 Issue 37

Slide 26 Caribbean Fish Sanctuaries Partnership Initiative

The aim is to improve the management of 15 fish sanctuaries in order to

promote sustainable livelihoods and increase the resilience of coastal

resources to climate change. It is part of The CARICOM Regional

Framework for Achieving Development Resilient to Climate Change

implemented by the CCCCC

It is 4-year project (2012-2016) funded by UKAID (£2.1 million) through

CCCCC, and implemented by CARIBSAVE in Jamaica, St Vincent and the

Grenadines, Grenada, St Lucia, Dominica.

Slide 27 Caribbean Fish Sanctuaries

Partnership Initiative (C-FISH)

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C-FISH Component 1Capacity Building For MPA Management

• Grants for enforcement, wardens,

managers, equipment, patrol

boats, engines, …

• Strengthening Governance

• Training in MPA management

• Community-based Monitoring;

socio-economic and ecological

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C-FISH Component 2 Education and Awareness

Public awareness campaign on TV, radio, internet, press and signage.

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• Community-based tourism

• Offshore fishing - FADs

• Craft Programme

C-FISH Component 3MSMEs and Alternative Livelihoods

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C-FISH Component- 3Supporting Local Livelihoods with Private Sector Partnerships

Community Livelihoods

Community-based tourism

Craft Programme

Offshore fishing

ACCESS TO MARKETS

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Artificial reefs can be a mechanism to monetize conservation and ecosystem-based adaptatioin restoration

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Tourism

Products and

Services

Facilitated

By Partners

Marine

Protected

Areas

C-FISH Component 3MSMEs, Tourism, Fisheries and Sustainable Financing for MPAs

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C-FISH Component 4The AQUACAM Research Programme

• Develop a cost effective underwater video

system for viewing and monitoring fish

populations

• Aquacam System will use Wi-Fi transmitter

to send stereo video stream to base station

where it can be uploaded to internet

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Key Stages in Ecosystem-Based Adaptation

Stage 1 – Good Scientific Understanding of Ecological and Social

System

Stage 2 – Appropriate Policy Frameworks and Planning

Stage 3 – Making it Happen: Incentives for short, medium and long Term

Administer Grants and Provide Technical support

Focus on livelihoods

Sectors; MSMEs & Big Business e.g. tourism

Develop Partnership with Private sector

Sustainable financing linked to local livelihoods

Innovative solutions – hard/soft engineering

Focus on Gender – the role of women

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Thank You

Dr Murray Simpson www.caribsave.org

murray.simpson@ouce.ox.ac.uk

Restoring fish stocks would be worth £2.7bn a year, in the form of catches about 3.5m tonnes greater than at present, and an expanded fishing economy, and would support more than 100,000 new jobs in the sector. Sweeping reforms to the EU's common fisheries policy are under discussion this year in Brussels. One of the key proposed changes is to end the wasteful practice of discarding edible fish at sea, as a result of which as much as half of the catch are thrown back dead in some areas.

But Maria Damanaki, the EU fisheries commissioner, who is pushing for the reforms, faces stiff opposition from some member states and vested interests within Europe's fishing industries. Some fishermen fear that ending discards would mean lower profits, because they would be forced to land lower value fish – at present, they can choose only to land the most profitable fish. The Guardian saw a document this year that was prepared in the final days of Spain's previous administration, laying out how Spanish ministers and officials would oppose key aspects of the reforms. Spain has the biggest fishing industry in the EU and supplements its own share of European fish resources by buying up the rights to fish in other countries, chiefly developing nations. Spain's new government has not yet made public its stance on the proposed reforms, but its ministers are coming under intense lobbying pressure from the fishing industry, which is broadly opposed to changes to the current system of quotas and subsidies, from which it benefits disproportionately to the rest of Europe.