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Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA

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Page 1: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Climate Change and Wildlife

David King

Northern Research Station USFS

Umass Amherst, MA

Page 2: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Presentation scope

• “Wildlife”

– As designated by DeGraaf and Yamasaki

• Birds (226)

• Mammals (65)

• Reptiles (29)

• Amphibians (23)

• New England

Page 3: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Climate change impacts Direct effects – Temperature

Root 1988

Page 4: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Climate change impacts Direct effects – Temperature

Page 5: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

35 km north 66 m up

Climate change impacts Direct effects – Temperature

Auer and King, 2014

Page 6: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Case Study: Spruce-fir birds Montane and high latitude habitat specialists

Page 7: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Case Study: Spruce-fir birds Montane and high latitude habitat specialists

King et al. 2008

Page 8: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Climate?

Rimmer et al. 2005

DeLuca and King 2014

Spruce-fir birds Montane and high latitude habitat specialists

Page 9: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Climate change impacts Direct effects – Temperature?

DeLuca et al. In Prep.

Page 10: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Climate change impacts Direct effects – Precipitation?

DeLuca et al. In Prep.

Page 11: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Climate change impacts Indirect effects – Predation?

Page 12: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Climate change impacts Indirect effects – Competition?

Page 13: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Indirect and cascading effects Moose and climate change

Page 14: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Indirect and cascading effects Rodents

Pauli et al. 2013

Page 15: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Indirect and cascading effects Rodents

Page 16: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Climate change impacts Emergence of novel communities?

Page 17: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Phenological shifts and asynchrony with food

Both et al. 2006

Rodenhouse et al. 2009

Page 18: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Climate change impacts Indirect effects - succession

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

10

15

20

25

Coun

t in

dex

Page 19: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Extreme events Flooding

Page 20: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Extreme events Flooding

Page 21: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Extreme events Drought

Page 22: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Conclusions and discussion • Vulnerability varies with species’ traits

• Shifts observed with latitude and elevation

– Consider landscape context and local relief

• Impacts on habitat and hydrology

– Manage for resistance resilience

• Reconsider conservation goals – Novel and no-analog communities

• Adopt strategies robust to uncertainty

– “low regrets”

Page 23: Climate Change and Wildlife · Climate Change and Wildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA . Presentation scope ... Climate change impacts Direct effects

Questions?