climate change - enabel · 2017-07-11 · 5 concept paper climate – version 10/04/2017...

Concept paper

Climate Change

April 2017

2

"The lack of action on climate change not only risks putting prosperity out of reach of millions of people

in the developing world, it threatens to roll back decades of sustainable development"

World Bank President, Jim Yong Kim, in Turn Down the Heat: Why a 4°C Warmer World Must Be Avoided (WB, 2012)

Version of 10 April 2017

i Concept paper Climate – version 10/04/2017 (translation from original French version)

Table of contents List of figures… .................................................................................................................................................. i

List of acronyms ............................................................................................................................................... ii

Summary…….. .................................................................................................................................................. 3

I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 5

II. Background ................................................................................................................................................. 6

II.1. Climate change – Facts and definitions ..................................................................................................... 6

II.2. Political momentum .................................................................................................................................. 7

At the international level ................................................................................................................................ 7

At the Belgian level ......................................................................................................................................... 8

II.3. Climate financing ....................................................................................................................................... 9

At the international level ................................................................................................................................ 9

At the Belgian level ......................................................................................................................................... 9

III. Analysis………............................................................................................................................................. 11

III.1. Climate change, poverty reduction and sustainable development ........................................................ 11

The impact of climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa ................................................................................... 11

The impact of climate change in northern African and in the Middle East .................................................. 12

III.2. Mainstreaming the climate in BTC’s activities ........................................................................................ 12

BTC experience ............................................................................................................................................. 12

III.3. Opportunities .......................................................................................................................................... 14

Accessibility of financing............................................................................................................................... 14

BTC-Enabel transition ................................................................................................................................... 14

IV. Climate strategy within BTC ...................................................................................................................... 16

IV.1. Definition of an internal strategy ............................................................................................................ 16

IV.2. Work axes ................................................................................................................................................ 18

IV.3. Actions to be taken by 2019 .................................................................................................................... 19

V. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................... 24

Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................................................... 25

Bibliography… ................................................................................................................................................ 26

Annexes………. ................................................................................................................................................ 28

Annexe 1: Architecture of climate financing ..................................................................................................... 28

Annexe 2: List of BTC projects mainstreaming the climate - May 2016 ........................................................... 30

Annexe 3: Analysis of discrepancies ................................................................................................................. 35

Annexe 4: List of opportunities with approaching deadlines ........................................................................... 37

List of figures

Figure1: Contributions to climate financing from Belgium, by actor, for the year 2015 ............................................. 9

Figure 2: 5 work axes of the climate strategy ............................................................................................................ 18

Figure 3: Analysis of discrepancies, step 3 - Identification of discrepancies to be bridged ....................................... 18

Figure 4: Climate mainstreaming in the project cycle ................................................................................................ 20

ii Concept paper Climate – version 10/04/2017 (translation from original French version)

List of acronyms

AFD French Development Agency (AFD) ODA Official Development Assistance TA Technical Assistant AWAC Walloon Air and Climate Agency BIO Belgian Investment Company for Developing Countries CC Climate change BTC Belgian Development DFID Department for International Development, United Kingdom DGD Directorate-General for Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid , Belgium DG DEVCO Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development, European Commission GCCA Global Climate Change Alliance GCF Green Climate Fund GHGs Greenhouse gases EIG Economic Interest Group IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, German development agency IBGE/BIM Brussels Institute for Management of the Environment JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LuxDev Luxembourg cooperation agency NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions NDC Nationally Determined Contribution OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development SDGs Sustainable Development Goals MDGs Millennium Development Goals NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NAP National Action Plan CP Cooperation Programme DCs Developing Countries UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme FPSs Belgian Federal Public Services

3 Concept paper Climate – version 10/04/2017 (translation from original French version)

Summary

Background

Recent scientific reports show that across the globe the effects of climate change become increasingly

apparent and tangible. Especially developing countries are very vulnerable to these effects from an

environmental as well as from a social and political and an economic perspective.

Growing international awareness led to the conclusion of several climate agreements. Under the Paris

Agreement adopted in December 2015 commitments are made towards reducing global warming. To help the

least developed countries, which are not responsible for the rise in greenhouse gas emissions, developed

countries plan to mobilise 100 billion US$ by 2020, which will be partially managed by the Green Climate Fund

(GCF).

Analysis

The consequences of climate change, such as droughts, floods, violent weather patterns and the rise of the sea

level imply risks for sustainable development.

And consequently, climate change should be included in development decisions. To do so, BTC should be

enabled to seize the new opportunities that are offered to it, in particular through its broadened mandate

under the framework of its new structure, and to exploit its expertise in the key domains of development, in

particular in view of meeting the commitments that Belgium made under the main international agreements.

Strategy

This Climate Change Concept paper is aligned with the ‘environment’ strategy that DGD published in August

2014 and aims to make the strategy operational by focusing on the challenges of climate change. It is

embedded in a changing political and institutional framework, comprising the transformation from BTC into

the future Enabel whilst taking into account the priorities of the Minister of Development Cooperation.

Since BTC’s institutional setting is in transformation, BTC’s strategy will be defined in 2 stages:

A fist stage – by 2019 – of consolidation destined to suit the BTC/Enabel transformation and laying the

foundations for a more ambitious strategy as of 2020.

A second – by 2021 – development stage that aims to turn Enabel into a committed, credible and

responsible actor that is willing to limit its own impact on climate change and to support its partners

to adapt to changes that have become inevitable.

Right now, only the first stage of the strategy can be detailed, since the second stage can only be defined more

in detail once the BTC/Enabel transformation has been completed.


In order to put the strategy into practice in a transversal way, 5 work axes have been identified:

Implementation, the organisation, the partnerships, knowledge building (capitalisation) and financing. For

each of these axes, a series of actions to be taken has been identified, as summarised in the following table:

Implementation

Systematic climate mainstreaming from the elaboration of cooperation programmes onwards and then at the various stages of preparation of implementation of the interventions

Development of climate mainstreaming tools

Strengthening expertise through continuous training and recruitment

Broadening of the specific climate projects portfolio

Inclusion of the climate in the Trade for Development projects Organisation

Validation of the Concept paper and elaboration of a Climate Action Plan

Inclusion of the climate in the new organisation Enabel

Clear signal from management on the priority given to the climate

Efforts to reduce the climate impact of logistics Knowledge building (capitalisation) and Communication

Systematic monitoring of projects and their actions (emissions/ vulnerability)

Capitalising on BTC's experiences

Internal and external communication

Organisation and participation to external events and working groups Financing

Search for and use of new financing tools (e.g., blending, loans, etc.)

Realisation of projects for third-party partners

Partnerships

Strengthening and systematisation of partnerships with the Belgian administration (DGD, BIO, FPSs)

Development of partnerships with other actors in Belgium, and in the partner countries

Promotion of Belgian expertise in the partner countries

Introduction of climate change matters when contacting partners, regardless of the level

All the activities proposed can be realised with a limited budget and allow laying the necessary foundations to

meet the long-term ambitions of BTC. A detailed budget is being prepared. It will comprise a full-time expert,

specialised in climate funding, and the contribution of several BTC staff members.


I. Introduction The effects of global change are increasingly being felt. To do something about this, a global effort is being set

up to accompany developing countries, which are especially vulnerable to these effects, in defining and

implementing their climate policies and strategies.

Because of its experience with designing development programmes and with environmental and climate

matters BTC can play a role in assisting its partners in improving their resilience in the face of climate change

and in showing how to achieve the transition to a low-carbon society.

A stronger positioning of BTC in climate matters will strengthen its credibility and allow it more specifically to

contribute more effectively to the realisation of Belgium’s commitments in implementing the main

international climate agreements.

BTC is aware of the challenges and has put in place in 2016 a climate working group in order to make specific

proposals on how to address the matter.

This document therefore aims to define a vision and an action strategy to mainstream climate change without

however ignoring the other environmental and sustainable development challenges.

In this context, this ‘Climate Change’ concept paper aims to:

- Develop a road map, an action strategy and specific recommendations in order to strengthen the

mainstreaming of the fight against climate change in the projects and the functioning of BTC/Enabel

by 2020;

- Propose actions to strengthen the resources available and the internal procedures in order to develop

the agency’s expertise and prepare the transition towards the new Enabel;

- Present the policy and financial challenges in climate change matters, in view of climate

mainstreaming in BTC activities;

- Identify the opportunities created by this situation.

This paper has been be validated by the board of directors in February 2017. It has to be supported by the

management and then be communicated with the various BTC teams, at the head office and in the partner

countries. It lays down the broad lines of the BTC strategy, whilst its implementation will be laid down in a

practical guide that is under development.


II. Background II.1. Climate change – Facts and definitions

The 5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published in 2014

confirmed that warming of the climate system is unequivocal. The rate and magnitude of the observed

changes is unprecedented: The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have

diminished, and sea level has risen. Significant changes in many extreme weather and climate events have also

been observed.

The increase of global mean surface temperature by 2100 relative to 1986–2005, diverges substantially across

different emission scenarios and varies between 0.3°C and 4.8°C. The contrast in mean annual precipitation

will increase between dry and wet regions across most of the globe, as will the contrast between dry and wet

seasons. Extreme precipitation events over most of the mid-latitude land masses and over wet tropical regions

will very likely become more intense and more frequent by the end of the century. Global mean sea level rise

for 2081-2100 relative to 1986-2005, varies across different emission scenarios and will likely be in the range

between 26 and 98 cm.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the cause of the observed warming, include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane,

nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases.

In 2010, 35% of GHG emissions were released by the energy sector, 24% (net emissions) from AFOLU

(agriculture, forestry and other land uses, primarily deforestation and emissions from agriculture and stock

breeding), 21% by industry, 14% by transport and 6.4% by the building sector. When emissions from electricity

and heat production are attributed to the sectors that use the final energy, the shares of the industry and

building sectors in global GHG emissions are increased to 31% and 19%, respectively.1

Currently, the largest absolute (or total) greenhouse gas emitters are China, the United States, the European

Union, Russia and India.

In the face of such a global challenge, two key approaches can be taken:

Mitigation, which is a response that seeks to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and/or enhance

the removal of these gases from the atmosphere (through carbon sinks: oceans, soils or forests).2

Adaptation, which is a response that seeks to reduce the vulnerability of social and biological systems

to offset the real or expected effects of global warming by means of individual and collective

strategies, initiatives and measures.

The main challenge facing developing countries today is adaptation to the effects of climate change. It therefore plays a key role in this document.

1 IPCC (2014), IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change, Summary for Policymakers.

2 Id.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation


II.2. Political momentum

At the international level

Over the past three decades the international community has become increasingly aware of the harmful

effects of climate change.

In 1992, following the Rio Summit, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was open

for signature. It has been ratified by 196 States which commit to establish greenhouse gas inventories, as well

as national adaptation and mitigation programmes. The parties are also bound to support scientific research,

the transfer of technology and awareness raising. This Convention lays the bases for climate change mitigation

and adaptation.

In 1997, as awareness grew that the Convention would not suffice, at the third Conference of Parties (COP3)

the first Kyoto protocol was adapted. It contains binding greenhouse gas reduction commitments for

developed countries. It introduces a carbon market, where countries can obtain credits for reducing emissions,

but through which countries can also finance emission reductions in developing countries. The United States,

at the time, ranked as the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, but never ratified the Kyoto protocol.

After these Agreements came about, certain power relations changed. The share of China, India and Russia in

the global economy strongly increased, which strengthened their position in the negotiations that started in

2007 to come to a broader agreement.

In 2009, on the occasion of the Copenhagen Summit, first commitments for climate financing are made. The

contribution of developed countries is set at 30 billion ‘new and additional’ dollars for the 2010-2012 period,

with the aim of mobilising 100 billion US$ per year until 2020.

In 2012, in Doha, many – but not all – countries decide to extend the Kyoto Protocol from 2013 to 2020;

Canada, Japan and Russia withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol.

In 2015, three historic agreements were adopted. In July, the governments adopted the Addis Ababa Action

Agenda3 which created the funds for implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

4, which

was unanimously adopted by all UN member states at the September 2015 United Nations Summit. Three

months later, the international community adopted the Paris Agreement on climate change5 providing a

framework for global action to face climate change in the period after 2020.

The 2030 Agenda contains 17 Sustainable Development Goals to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure

prosperity for all. Sustainable Development Goal 13 is completely dedicated to climate change and several

other goals are related to climate issues (biodiversity, energy, water management, etc.).

During COP21, the Parties signed the Paris Agreement, which is legally binding. It entered into force on 4

November 2016. It has been adopted by 195 countries. This Agreement is a significant step forward in the fight

against climate change and a genuine diplomatic success. It aims to hold the increase in the global average

temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature

3 See: http://www.un.org/esa/ffd/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/AAAA_Outcome.pdf

4 See: http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E

5 See: https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf

http://www.un.org/esa/ffd/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/AAAA_Outcome.pdf

http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E

https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf


increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Each Party pledges to establish Nationally Determined

Contributions,6 which are national action plans for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

There are other agreements that also include climate aspects, such as the New Urban Agenda, which

promotes a sustainable urban development model, or the United Nations Convention to Combat

Desertification and the Convention on Biodiversity.

At the Belgian level

Under the Paris Agreement framework, Belgium has committed not only to reduce its own emissions but also

to support developing countries in terms of financing, the transfer of technology and capacity development.

As mentioned in the General Policy Paper for International Development for 20177, the government of

Belgium aligns its policy with the 2030 Agenda and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals involving public

authorities, civil society, the private sector and philanthropic foundations.

The climate is one of the priorities of this new development policy. Indeed, in his Policy Paper, the Minister

defines 4 new policy areas: Peace and security, women’s and children’s rights, entrepreneurship, and the

climate.

The current policy also promotes “a coherent long-term approach to better address the causes of large-scale

migration and prevent them”7.

All these themes are taken into account in the new Cooperation Agreements which the Belgian government

concludes in 2017/2018 with the partner countries.

Certain instruments are recommended for implementing this new policy, such as digitisation and the use of

innovative financing.

In 2014, DGD produced the Environmental Strategy Note8 which determines how the environment is to be

mainstreamed in interventions. It is based on three pillars:

1. Mainstreaming the ‘environmental conservation and protection’ theme by promoting ‘environmental

governance’ , via capacity development, awareness-raising and the sharing of knowledge,

technologies and competences;

2. Specific environmental support in four priority sectors: Water, the sustainable use of land and soils,

forest management and the management of urban waste;

3. The coherence of development policies between the various policy domains in Belgium and at the

European level, complementarity and synergy within the ‘country programmes’ in view of ensuring

increased efficiency of the Belgian development cooperation.

6 To assess and compare the different NDCs, you can consult the NDC Explorer: http://klimalog.die-

gdi.de/ndc/#NDCExplorer/worldMap?INDC??climatechangemitigation???cat2 7 https://intranet.btcctb.org/fr/news/projet-de-loi-belgian-development-agency-note-de-politique-g-n-rale

8 http://diplomatie.belgium.be/sites/default/files/downloads/Note_strategique_Environnement.pdf

http://klimalog.die-gdi.de/ndc/#NDCExplorer/worldMap?INDC??climatechangemitigation???cat2

http://klimalog.die-gdi.de/ndc/#NDCExplorer/worldMap?INDC??climatechangemitigation???cat2

https://intranet.btcctb.org/fr/news/projet-de-loi-belgian-development-agency-note-de-politique-g-n-rale

http://diplomatie.belgium.be/sites/default/files/downloads/Note_strategique_Environnement.pdf


II.3. Climate financing

At the international level In 2009, as part of the COP 15 negotiations, the developed countries committed to increase climate financing,

in view of developed countries jointly mobilising 100 billion US$ by 2020. Such financial commitment could

come from many different (public, private or alternative) sources and remains valid until 2025 to be then

replaced by a more ambitious commitment. Each contributor can choose the channels through which it

mobilises its financing, whether through bilateral agencies (e.g., development agencies) or multilateral entities

(e.g., Green Climate Fund - GCF).

A report published in 2015 by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) estimates

that in 2013-2014 climate financing mobilised by the developed countries approximated 57 billion US$ per

year9 (OECD, 2015). So, in the coming years developed countries will have to make extra efforts both in public

climate funding and in finding private sources of funding.

Because of these international commitments and the emergence of these new initiatives, new potential

sources of financing have emerged over the past few years. There are some conditions to access funds such as

the GCF and to go through the complex accreditation procedures, or to use new approaches and instruments,

such as the blending facilities developed by the European Commission or the collaboration mechanisms with

the private sector, to name two.

The architecture of climate financing is complex and evolving: It uses multilateral funds and increasingly relies

on bilateral channels. In addition, a growing number of beneficiary countries have put in place national funds

that can be financed by developed countries in order to coordinate and align the interests of the donors with

national priorities. (See Annexe 1: Architecture of climate financing, p28)

At the Belgian level The Belgian contribution to international climate financing comes through various (multilateral and bilateral)

channels and types of activities (financial support to NGOs, multilateral funds, United Nations organisations,

bilateral projects in partner countries, etc.). The Belgian contribution to international climate financing has

always come through the various political levels: The Walloon, Flemish and Brussels regions also contribute to

the effort.

9 An inflated estimate, according to developing countries and civil society actors.

10 More information about the financial and technological support given by Belgium to developing countries is available on

the website of the National Climate Commission: http://www.cnc-nkc.be/FR/NKC/rapports/Pages/default.aspx

Figure1: Contributions to climate financing from Belgium, by actor, for the year 2015

10

CTB

DGD (except CTB)

SPF

FINEXPO

Regions

Until 2015, Belgian international climate financing

consisted mostly of cooperation development activities.

The main Belgian actors ensuring climate financing to

developing countries were federal-level such as DGD, BTC,

Finexpo and the FPS Public health, Security of the food

chain and Environment (see Figure1: Contributions to

climate financing from Belgium, by actor, for the year

2015).

The different Belgian climate financing contributions are

reported annually to the OECD. In 2015, climate-related

activities implemented by BTC represented a total of

16.882 million euros10

. BTC projects play an important role

in Belgium achieving its objectives.

http://www.cnc-nkc.be/FR/NKC/rapports/Pages/default.aspx


In December 2015, a new Belgian political burden-sharing agreement11

set the Belgian participation to

international climate financing at a minimum of 50 million euros per year from 2015 to 2020, distributed at

least as follows:

- 25 million euros for the federal level;

- 14.5 million euros for the Flemish region12

;

- 8.25 million euros for the Walloon region13

;

- 2.25 million euros for the Brussels Capital region14

.

11

A version of this political agreement can be found on the website of the National Climate Commission: http://www.cnc-nkc.be/FR/NKC/Legal/Pages/default.aspx 12

Through the Flemish administration’s Departement Leefmilieu, Natuur en Energie and Vlaanderen Internationaal. 13

Through the Agence Wallonne de l’Air et du Climat (AWAC) 14

Through Bruxelles-Environnement (IBGE/BIM)

http://www.cnc-nkc.be/FR/NKC/Legal/Pages/default.aspx

http://www.cnc-nkc.be/FR/NKC/Legal/Pages/default.aspx


III. Analysis

III.1. Climate change, poverty reduction and sustainable development

The effects of climate change, such as droughts, floods, violent weather patterns and the rise of the sea level

imply risks and threats for sustainable development. The results of an estimated 25% to 65% of development

projects could be affected by climate change.15

It is essential to include climate change adaptation and mitigation at all levels of development cooperation

decision-making (policies, plans, programmes and projects), without however disregarding the other

environmental challenges.

Climate change is a fundamental question of justice and international solidarity. Indeed, even though they

have hardly contributed to the greenhouse gases now in the atmosphere, the developing countries are the

first affected by the effects thereof. The negative impacts of climate change affect poor countries and

populations disproportionately because of their greater dependency from natural resources and their

economic and social vulnerability to disasters.

The effects of climate change threaten the poverty reduction goals. That is why adaptation must be

considered the principal axis of this approach in international development cooperation16

.

On the other hand, the Paris Agreement stipulates that developing countries should further increase their

mitigation efforts and are encouraged to progressively move towards emission reduction or limitation

objectives. To support that effort, development programmes should target a low-carbon economy in such

varied sectors as urban development, transportation, energy production or waste treatment.

Such mitigation efforts impact the opportunities and the cost of growth and development of these countries,

since they cannot benefit of cheap fossil energy for their development. Accompany, stimulate and finance the

low-carbon transition and economic development is also a moral duty. Policies should however ensure that

the mitigation plans do not have adverse effects on the poorest populations.15

The impact of climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa A recent report of the World Bank

17 studied the main impacts in Sub-Saharan Africa, where most of BTC’s

partner countries are.

In this region, the increasing frequency of droughts and floods provoked by climate change will have a

particularly negative impact on agricultural production, stock breeding, the pastoral systems and fisheries,

which forms an additional challenge for food security and the eradication of poverty. There will in particular

be health consequences, especially because of malnutrition, and migration impacts with increased

urbanisation.

The report also indicates the impact on infrastructure of coastal areas because of the rise in sea level, with an

adverse effect on economic development.

15

J.P van Ypersele (2008), les changements climatiques et la politique belge de coopération au développement, défis et

opportunités 16

World Bank (2016), Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty 17

World Bank (2013), Turn Down The Heat : Why a 4°C Warmer World Must Be Avoided


The impact of climate change in northern African and in the Middle East The combination of demographic pressure and climate change will severely impact the availability of water

and poses a threat to food security in northern Africa and the Middle East. Changes in society, urbanism and

the pressure on available resources will contribute to increased social instability and conflicts.

III.2. Mainstreaming the climate in BTC’s activities

As mentioned in the preceding section, it is essential to mainstream the climate at all decision-making levels in

development cooperation.

This does not mean that specific climate change interventions must be implemented, but that it must be

determined on one hand, whether climate change threatens the sustainability of the projects, and on the

other hand, how poverty reduction objectives can be reconciled with climate mitigation/adaptation objectives.

Under this framework, specific programmes targeting climate issues are aligned with capacity development

and knowledge building and support to climate mainstreaming in national policies.18

In order to deal with climate change in a relevant way, adapted to each situation, BTC can rely on acquired

expertise which has been capitalised on as well as on partnerships established with local actors in Belgium’s

partner countries. It is also essential that BTC takes into account the climate situation in its intervention zones

and aligns its future projects with partner country strategies and priorities (NDCs, NAMAs, etc.).

Climate mainstreaming in BTC interventions in Sub-Sahara Africa must in the first place go through existing

BTC expertise from the agriculture, health and urban development sectors. In northern Africa and the Middle

East, the priority domains are water resources management, urban development and conflict prevention.

BTC experience

In implementing interventions

As shown in the report of Belgium’s climate action for 201519

, BTC is a major actor of implementation in

developing countries.

In the field, the BTC teams and their counterparts and partners are constantly confronted with the complexity

of climate change. So, the agency has had to develop its expertise in both climate adaptation and climate

mitigation (see Annexe 2: List of BTC projects mainstreaming the climate - May 2016, p30).

BTC supports the beneficiary populations of development projects in order for them to strengthen their

adaptation capacity in the face of climate change. It does so in various domains, such as efficient water

management, sustainable agriculture (climate smart agriculture), the comprehensive management of

ecosystem services, the construction of adapted infrastructure, etc.

Example 1 - Efficient water management - Morocco: The Development of the saffron and date palm value chains Project

in Morocco helps the beneficiary populations to adapt to periods of drought. The project enhances water resources by

reducing losses, improving the water transportation capacity, recharging the underground water reservoirs and

maintaining and repairing traditional irrigation channels.

18

Ledant Jean-Paul (2016), Faut-il ajouter une aide climatique ou mieux intégrer les préoccupations climatiques dans l’aide au développement ? 19

Rapport annuel belge sur la déclaration relative au soutien financier et technologique apporté aux pays en

développement conformément à l'article 16 du règlement (UE) n°525/2013 (Monitoring Mechanism Regulation) via http://www.cnc-nkc.be/FR/NKC/rapports/Pages/default.aspx



Greenhouse gas reduction and sequestration is realised through urban planning and land management,

ecological construction, the management and recycling of waste, reforestation and the protection of forests,

energy efficiency, renewable energy, etc.

Example 2 – Reforestation and forestry protection – Rwanda: The PAREF II Programme in Rwanda promotes GHG

sequestration through the enhancement of forestry resources and improved management thereof. The Programme

carries out reforestation and forest management initiatives and trains forestry professionals who will in future carry out

forestry projects and manage new forests.

Since a few years, BTC has also been launching specific innovative climate projects targeting capacity

development and supporting the partner country policies to mainstream climate issues. Through BTC’s study

fund it has also supported the calculation of Palestine’s NDC.

Example 3 – Specific climate projects – Vietnam:

1. The Green Growth Strategy Facility project supports the implementation of Vietnam’s national Green Growth

strategy through the creation of a fund. The National strategy clearly emphasises the reduction of the intensity of

GHG produced by the Vietnamese economy. The fund is a support mechanism focusing on demand by selecting, in

ascending order, green growth financing activities.

2. The Integrated Water Management and Urban Development in relation to Climate Change Project in Vietnam aims

to prevent and control floods caused by climate change. The project focuses on the collection and analysis of

climate change data in selected water basins, the review of the concerned land management plan and the master

plan for the capital of the province. The programme also provides for pilot investments in flood control, capacity

development and awareness-raising among actors involved.

As the examples given in this document show, BTC already has proven experience in the climate domain. For

interventions that are indirectly linked to the climate issue, whether the climate is taken into account depends

on the choices of the beneficiaries, of the partner country and of the BTC team that is responsible for

formulation and implementation of the project, without them actually having a specific methodology to make

use of. That is why it is essential to systematise the inclusion of this component to all interventions.

In the logistical organisation

BTC pays attention to reducing its carbon footprint at the head office and in the Representations. BTC has

been certified for its environmental performance during 10 years and mainstreams environmental issues in its

day-to-day management through responsible mobility, the reduction of energy consumption, waste

management, its choice of paper and cleaning products, etc.

Every year, BTC’s carbon footprint is calculated and offset through the purchase of carbon credits destined for

the realisation of CO2 sequestration or GHG reduction projects. BTC’s footprint, which is primarily tied to

international flights between the head office and the various intervention sites, has been decreasing since

2012 and was estimated at 2645 tCO2e for 2015.20

20

CO2Logic (2015), Carbon Footprint Report BTC – Year 2015


III.3. Opportunities

The acquired experience and the geographical location of its activities give BTC a comparative advantage in the

fight against climate change. In addition, the current situation opens up new opportunities which BTC could

seize in order to enhance its commitment in the domain.

Accessibility of financing The multitude of actors and the increased need to provide and mobilise new financing in the face of the

decreasing public resources allocated to development cooperation create a need to develop new approaches

and to enter into new partnerships for climate financing.21

Pertaining to Belgian climate financing, BTC is currently one of the principal actors to take up Belgian federal financing. The new Burden-sharing agreement applicable between the federal entities offers a perfect opportunity for BTC to position itself as the instrument of choice for taking up Belgian climate financing contributions. BTC has concluded a 2.5 million euro agreement with the Brussels Capital region to implement climate projects. The other regions of Belgium will be contacted too.

The international climate financing architecture as well as the procedures for accessing it are very complex

(see Annexe 1: Architecture of climate financing, p28). In February 2016 BTC started the Green Climate Fund

accreditation process, which would allow us to submit projects. BTC is among the entities accepted into the

first phase of the process and awaits instructions to further pursue the accreditation procedure.

Such undertaking is a major challenge for BTC; accessing such funds is practically impossible for local entities of

the most vulnerable countries. Indeed, since the procedures are very complex, national entities sometimes

lack the institutional and operational capacities required for benefiting from these sources of financing. BTC

can play a role in helping local authorities access these sources of financing, develop climate strategies and

action plans and support their implementation with Belgian expertise.

For partner countries with a national or regional fund (see Annexe 1: Architecture of climate financing, p28)

BTC should be able to support local entities with preparing their fund application files, as for instance the

Forest Management and Woody Biomass Energy Support project in Rwanda, which is in its start-up phase,

does.

BTC can also develop new financing instruments, such as loans or the combination of loans and grants

(blending) and team up with other actors in order to access certain sources of financing which it cannot yet

access.

BTC-Enabel transition The changed BTC mandate, which is being prepared and which is reflected in the new Belgian development

agency’s name of ‘Enabel’, will allow for the exploration of new opportunities.

The transition to Enabel was elaborated under the framework of the new international development

paradigm, in view of aligning therewith and making Enabel ‘Belgium's development policy coordinating and

implementing agency’.22

21

Combining gifts with loans and other financial instruments or thinking about new ways of formulating projects in view of

mobilising and/or redirecting private financing flows to low-carbon activities feature among the interesting approaches to

be explored.

22 See (for French and Dutch versions): https://intranet.btcctb.org/files/intranet/Management/DIRCOM/BDA%20-

%20Memorie%20van%20Toelichting%20-%20Expos%C3%A9%20des%20motifs.pdf

https://intranet.btcctb.org/files/intranet/Management/DIRCOM/BDA%20-%20Memorie%20van%20Toelichting%20-%20Exposé%20des%20motifs.pdf



This is still a draft, but the new Law should be effective in January 2018. This transition will lead to important

changes such as:

The broader role of Enabel in preparing development cooperation programmes. Enabel will be able to

mainstream the climate as from the design phase of the programmes onwards;

The active search for contracts and financing from other donors to accompany and strengthen

Belgium’s foreign policy. Consequently, the new agency will be able to access the various sources of

climate financing;

The possibility of working outside the 14 partner countries, which expands the intervention

possibilities. This transition goes hand in hand with structural changes within the organisation,

currently being discussed. This offers an opportunity to review the organisation chart in function of

the new priorities of Enabel and to make room for the climate theme in the organisation.

Through its new mandate Enabel can support the climate dimension in the Appraisal reports and Base notes

that it submits in preparation to the Joint Commissions between Belgium and its partner countries.

The international development policy also mainstreams other priorities and work instruments. It is important

to take into account the relations that may exist between these priorities and instruments and climate change

in view of creating synergies:

Climate change & peace and security: The impacts of climate change increase the risks of conflicts;

Climate change & women's and children's rights: Vulnerable groups like women and children are the

first ones to face the impacts of climate change;

Climate change & entrepreneurship: The private sector has a role to play in mitigation projects.

Reflection work with the sector and the partners will be needed in order to define each one’s role in

the implementation of climate policies;

Climate change & migration: Migrations can both be the consequence and the cause of climate

change;

Climate change & digitisation: Digitisation is essential to develop certain tools such as databases,

climate forecast platforms, climate maps, and to install early alert systems.


IV. Climate strategy within BTC

IV.1. Definition of an internal strategy

This Concept paper aims to operationalise the DGD’s ‘environment’ strategy23

and focuses on the climate

change challenges. It is embedded in a changing political and institutional framework, comprising the

transformation from BTC to the future Enabel whilst taking into account the priorities of the Minister of

Development Cooperation.

BTC is aware of the importance of mainstreaming climate change in development aid and aims to strengthen it

climate commitments and to support its partners in adapting to unavoidable climate change. For that purpose,

an action strategy that suits BTC’s identity and the current situation must be elaborated and pursued.

Since the agency’s institutional setting is in transformation, BTC’s climate strategy will be defined in 2 stages:

A ‘by 2019’ consolidation phase destined to suit the BTC/Enabel transformation and laying the foundations for

a climate strategy in preparation of a development phase ‘as of 2021’.

This document therefore aims to define the first phase of the strategy from now until 2019, which will be

regularly readjusted in order to pursue more ambitious objectives for the next period up to 2021.

Methodology used

A working group was constituted in order to define the methodology to elaborate the strategy and then to

support its further development. This group comprises staff of the various departments of BTC as well as two

members of the Climate service of the FPS Public health, Security of the food chain and Environment. The

latter provided important information on the issues and the international context as well as on the analysis of

the varying climate policies of the partner countries of the Belgian Development Cooperation.

An overview of the main deadlines has been given in order not to miss key opportunities (see Annexe 4: List of

opportunities with approaching deadlines, p37).

At the same time, the discrepancies were analysed on the basis of the 5 work axes by comparing what BTC

already does and what it should ideally do in terms of climate change mainstreaming (see Annexe 3: Analysis

of discrepancies, p35).

In view of optimally operationalising the strategy a series of specific recommendations was identified. These

result, on the one hand from various reflection initiatives, such as the retreat (‘mise au vert’) of BTC’s

Infrastructure unit or the Sector Days of the Governance unit and the Rural development unit, and on the

other hand from consultation of head office and field staff

The recommendations thus brought together have then been classified in function of the 5 work axes and the

discrepancies identified in the analysis (see Annexe 3: Analysis of discrepancies, p35).

23




Long-term vision

The objective of the strategy is to make BTC into:

A committed, credible and responsible actor that accompanies its partners in implementing their climate

change adaptation and mitigation actions.

Committed: Proactive and innovating in the domain; taking a clear stance in relation to the issue

Credible: Having expertise and proven experience that is recognised by other actors in key domains of

climate change

Responsible: Mainstreaming and taking into account climate change in all aspects of its interventions

and its logistics

Objectives to be achieved by 2019

Accompany the partner countries in implementing their climate policies and strategies;

Contribute to the implementation of the priorities of the Belgian international climate and

development policy;

Ensure that all interventions implemented have a positive impact on the climate, either via

adaptation or via mitigation measures;

Develop the internal expertise as well as the partnerships with competent Belgian and international

climate actors (universities, public service entities, study bureaus & experts, development agencies

and donors).

Success factors of the strategy

The successful implementation of this strategy will be measured on the basis of the following criteria:

Evidence of the positive impact of interventions designed and managed by BTC in terms of adaptation

to and mitigation of climate change (evaluations, peer reviews, knowledge-building documents, etc.);

The capacity of the agency to mobilise internal and external expertise and to integrate itself in Belgian

and international networks operating in this domain;

The capacity of the agency to mobilise climate financing (delegated cooperation, climate funds, etc.);

National as well as international recognition of BTC as an strong climate actor;

The proportion of projects developing activities having a direct positive climate impact.

An analysis of the risks and opportunities is given in Annexe 4: List of opportunities with approaching deadlines,

p37.


IV.2. Work axes

In order to put the strategy into practice in a transversal way, 5 work axes have been identified:

Figure 2: 5 work axes of the climate strategy

The implementation of the interventions (axis 1)

constitutes the core of BTC’s climate action because

through it the agency can achieve positive results in

climate mitigation and adaptation.

The quality and nature of the implementation of the

projects as well as systematic climate mainstreaming

in each of the interventions are ensured through an

adequate internal organisation (axis 2).

Internal management puts in place and incorporates

in the procedures the necessary knowledge building

and communication (axis 3) tools and resources to

capitalise on the experience acquired.

Knowledge-building, capitalising on ongoing and past experiences allow BTC to develop solid and relevant

project proposals based on its expertise in order to access third-party financing (axis 4). In addition,

communication about the experience capitalised upon enhances the agency’s credibility in the domain of

climate change, which in turn is interesting for new potential donors.

The establishment of partnerships (axis 5) with other actors allows BTC to improve the quality of its

implementation whilst increasing its visibility and credibility in the domain. The agency could also access new

sources of financing by associating with other actors.

These 5 work axes are complementary and interdependent, they must be addressed simultaneously.

Figure 3: Analysis of discrepancies, step 3 - Identification of discrepancies to be bridged24

24

See the 2 first steps of the analysis of the discrepancies in Annexe 3: Analysis of discrepancies p36


IV.3. Actions to be taken by 2019

As the following lists of actions to be taken per axis show, the actions proposed help to bridge many of the

discrepancies identified (see Figure 3) and to seize available opportunities.

Implementation

Systematic climate mainstreaming from the elaboration of cooperation programmes onwards and then at

the various stages of implementation of the interventions (see Figure 4)

Realisation of country analyses and of approaches by climate sector

Writing and incorporation of a climate section in the Appraisal report, Base note, identification

forms and Cooperation Programme

Realisation of additional climate studies

Mainstreaming the climate in formulation scenarios (plan studies, climate expert person-days,

budget, etc.)

Mainstreaming the climate in social and environmental impact assessments

Mainstreaming the climate in the TFFs (Chapter 6, Indicator, activities/output/etc., risk

analyses)

Verification of effective mainstreaming at the Validation board level

Mainstreaming the climate in project report templates (baseline, execution reports, annual

reports, final reports)

Mainstreaming the climate in backstopping ToRs and evaluations

Communication

Realisation of climate knowledge-building exercises, filing of and communication on lessons

learned

Development of climate mainstreaming tools (see Figure 4) Realisation, in collaboration with the FPS Public health, Security of the food chain and

Environment, of preliminary study on partner countries where a Cooperation Programme will

be negotiated in the upcoming year (analysis of experience and strengths of BTC, summary of

expected change and of mitigation and adaptation measures planned by the partner country,

its NDC) = Climate Country Report

Elaboration, in collaboration with Klimos, of a screening and monitoring tool of risks and impacts of climate projects (checklists, indicators, list of climate mainstreaming proposals by sector, etc.) = Climate Screening Tool

Elaboration of a climate mainstreaming guide for the various sectors and themes of cooperation and for the usage of various tools = Climate Guidelines

Strengthening expertise through continuous training and recruitment (see Figure 4)

Climate mainstreaming in the ITAs’ and formulators’ briefing

Raising awareness among ResReps and project teams and training them

Training of a climate guarantor per country team

Climate mainstreaming in future framework agreements or framework contracts concerned

Recruitment of an internal climate expert


Figure 4: Climate mainstreaming in the project cycle

Broadening of the specific climate projects portfolio

Develop institutional support and capacity development projects allowing the beneficiary

entities to access climate funds and to mainstream the climate in their policies

Realisation of a study on climate change innovation in development aid

Inclusion of the climate in the Trade for Development projects

The Trade for Development Centre can finance projects that help producers’ organisations that follow a fair

trade approach to enable them to sell Fairtrade carbon credits under the climate standards developed by

Fairtrade International in collaboration with The gold Standard.

The strategy is based on systematic climate mainstreaming throughout the project and programme cycle (see

Figure 4: Climate mainstreaming in the project cycle). Priority is placed upstream of the project cycle through

the writing of Appraisal reports and Base notes and the realisation of preliminary studies. Climate

mainstreaming in the implementation steps of bilateral projects or third-party contracts is ensured by the

Climate Guidelines destined for the formulation teams and the project teams in order to provide them with

useful information to apply a Climate Screening Tool.

BTC’s capitalising on its acquired experience constitutes an essential prerequisite for the elaboration of new

projects. Such information is cross-referenced with the partner country climate situation and the national

policies from the Climate Country Report, which is used as a source of information for future cooperation

programmes and third-party project proposals. These reports will also provide an analysis by main BTC sector

(5 sectors: Governance, Agriculture and rural development, Infrastructure, Health, and Education) as well as

cross-cutting themes and policy priorities.


Organisation

Finalisation of the climate action strategy

Internal critical reading of the Concept paper Approval of the final version of the Concept paper by the MgtCom and Board of Directors Definition of indicators and budgeted objectives ‘by 2020’ Definition of a 2017 Action plan Climate Action Plan Annual review of the Concept paper and elaboration of an action plan for the upcoming year

Inclusion of the climate in the new organisation Enabel

Involvement of the Climate Taskforce in discussions about Enabel Identification and sourcing of the necessary expertise at the head office level

Clear signal from management on the priority given to the climate

Internal and external communication by management about the Concept paper Including the environment and the climate in BTC’s values Including the sensitivity to climate change in the generic job description

Including the environment and the climate in BTC’s values in the competence template used for

recruitment

Efforts to reduce the climate impact of logistics

Further pursue the current good environmental management practices applied at the head office

In view of supporting climate mainstreaming in the implementation of the interventions, a series of actions is

required at the organisational level. The strategy will have to be finalised, approved and defended within BTC.

The climate will also have to have its place within the new organisation Enabel.

Partnerships

Strengthening and systematisation of partnerships with the Belgian administration (DGD, BIO, FPSs)

Collaboration with the Climate service of the FPS Public health, Security of the food chain and Environment in writing the Climate Country Report and alignment of projects being formulated with the partner country climate policies.

Review of the agreement with the FPS Public health, Security of the food chain and Environment. Proposed collaboration with BIO on Energy/Agriculture projects and technical recommendations in

the domain

Development of partnerships with other actors in Belgium, and in the partner countries Development of partnerships with universities (framework agreements with Belgian public

universities, collaboration with Klimos to elaborate the checklists) Identification of key climate actors in each of the partner countries (among others, humanitarian

aid) Investment in networking with other climate change donors (GIZ/DFID/etc.) in the partner countries

and in Brussels Active participation to climate change events organised by DG DEVCO

Promotion of Belgian expertise in the partner countries

Identification of key Belgian climate players as well as of possible synergies

Introduction of climate change matters when contacting partners, regardless of the level


In order to position Belgium in the current international context, it is important to strengthen and systemise

the partnerships and to agree with other Belgian institutions and players in the domain. BTC also has a role to

play as the representative of the Belgian Development Cooperation, by linking Belgian expertise and the

partner countries. Hence, it is essential that an analysis be carried out as soon as possible of the various

potential partners.

Capitalise on and communicate information

Systematic monitoring of projects and their actions (emissions/ vulnerability)

Study of what is already existing in terms of indicators, internally and externally Definition of direct impact indicators (emissions and savings of GHG, vulnerability of beneficiaries) Definition of indirect impact indicators (on health, migration, agriculture, resilience, economic

growth, etc.) Measurement of the indicators Reporting and making results available

Capitalising on BTC's experiences

Determination of future climate needs Collection of lessons learned as well experiences already capitalised upon in terms of climate

change and of the tools already being used Elaboration of a standard knowledge-building tool Capitalising on positive and negative climate experiences Reporting and making results available

Internal and external communication

Feeding existing communication tools (e.g., BTC website, platforms, concept papers) Creation of new communication materials (e.g., brochure with all climate projects, prospectus with

figures, presentations) Writing of articles based on field experience in terms of climate change

Organisation and participation to external events and working groups

Organisation within BTC of a seminar on the climate challenges and the expertise of BTC (e.g., Climate Days)

Organisation of a climate seminar for regional and federal public services to give them feedback from the field and formulate recommendations

Increased participation and involvement in climate change working groups (EU expert group on climate and development, Klimos Steering Committee)

Enhanced visibility of BTC at key events (COP, Sustainable political forum, etc.)

The quality of systematic climate mainstreaming within BTC implementation is monitored by means of

indicators such as the number of climate activities, the reduction of GHG emissions or the resilience of the

beneficiary populations to climate change. These indicators as well as the capitalising on BTC experiences help

feed the various existing communication channels in view of increasing BTC’s visibility in the domain on the

basis of its experience. By doing so, BTC also ensure to enhance its participation and involvement in

conferences or working groups in the domain.


Financing

Use of new financing tools (e.g., blending, loans, etc.)

Identification of existing tools Evaluation of their feasibility and their impact

Realisation of projects for third-party partners

Writing of project proposals (5 pages) on the basis of successful experiences (e.g., up-scaling, replication of pilot projects)

Further pursue the GCF accreditation procedure (in expectation of their feedback) Develop contacts with entities that are already GCF-accredited in order to realise certain projects

with them Collaboration with other development agencies under the GCCA framework Develop contacts and further discuss with Belgian sources of financing in order to realise certain

projects for them (e.g., the regions)

For accessing new climate mechanisms and funds, BTC will try to use its experience and write climate project

proposals for third parties. Some financing initiatives already started will already be further pursued, such as

GCF accreditation, the submission of proposals to the GCCA and the budget execution proposal for the Belgian

regions under the burden-sharing framework agreement.

Even though many of the activities proposed do not require additional budget and whilst part of the required

competences are already available within the agency, the time investment will require extra human resources

to be allocated in order to accompany the process. In addition, some expertise, in particular on climate

financing, monitoring and knowledge building will need to be strengthened. An evaluation of the expertise

required to achieve the objectives set out in the strategy must be realised, as well as an analysis of

competences and competence gaps within BTC.


V. Conclusions

This Concept paper constitutes a first step in BTC’s positioning as an indispensable actor in designing and

implementing the climate change actions of Belgium at the international level. Soon, an implementation

document, the Climate Guidelines should follow.

This Concept paper is aligned with the new Belgian international cooperation policy priorities and

operationalises the ‘environment’ strategy published by DGD in 2014 by focusing on climate change challenges

without however disregarding other environmental aspects.

The composition of a taskforce with representatives of the various departments of BTC and the allocation of

additional staff allowed for the constructive reflection on the climate theme and for the elaboration of a

coherent action strategy adapted to the current and future context.

The strategy proposed takes into account the achievements of BTC in the domain and lays down realistic short-

term objectives, which, provided they are achieved successfully, will provide leverage for more ambitious

plans as from 2019.

Some priority axes have been made explicit such as systematic mainstreaming of the environmental/climate

aspects in BTC’s actions, capitalising on acquired experience, strengthening of partnerships with other public

and private actors and access to new instruments to accompany the actors of developing countries in

implementing their climate policies.

Having been validated by the board of directors, this Concept paper will be communicated to staff and

partners of BTC in Belgium and in the field. Quantitative performance indicators will have to be defined and

measured in order to be able to set objectives for success ‘by 2021’ within the organisation.

A Climate Action Plan, listing all proposed activities, will be elaborated in order to determine the timing and

the resources to be allocated to each of them.

This strategy is the result of a dynamic process. It requires regular monitoring and reviewing in function of the

evolving context and the success of its implementation.


Acknowledgement

We would like to warmly thank everyone who has contributed to this Concept paper, and in particular:

The Federal Public Service Public health, Security of the food chain and Environment for its support and

availability throughout the elaboration of this document.

The Climate service of DGD for its critical reading and informed comments and for its support.

The members of the Taskforce for their motivation and involvement in writing this Concept paper.

Editors:

Pascale CAES

Muriel LAMBERT

Kristien BAUDUIN

Supervision:

Benoît LEGRAND

Claude CROIZER

Paul VERLE

Contributors:

Sjoerd BAKKER

Jean-Christophe CHARLIER

Fabian CLEMENT

Lucas DEMUELENAERE

Patricia GROBBEN

Sven HUYSSEN

Milan JOUSTEN

Jerome MEESSEN

Jean-Yves SALIEZ

Translator:

Freddy DE PRETER

All BTC staff at the head office and in the field who made proposals and shared their recommendations.


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Annexes Annexe 1: Architecture of climate financing25

25

Source https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/11022.pdf

Belgium


Annexe 2: List of BTC projects mainstreaming the climate - May 2016

GCF Category Projects Title/name Country GCF Category (Full check)

Mitigation

Energy generation and access

Renewable Energy for Rural Development Mozambique NEW ENERGY (MOZ0901811)

Mozambique Mitigation * Energy generation and access

Energy sector: Improving access to reliable on-grid electricity services for households and priority public institutions Be1 EARP (RWA1208111) Energy sector: Improving access to reliable on-grid electricity services for households and priority public institutions – Phase 2 Be2 EARP (RWA1509411)

Rwanda Mitigation * Energy generation and access

Energy efficiency

Improving the Training of BTVET Technical Teachers/ Instructors and Health Tutors, and Secondary Teachers in Uganda Teacher education TTE (UGA0902011)

Uganda Mitigation * Energy Efficiency * Buildings, cities, industries and appliances Adaptation * Infrastructure

Morocco-Belgian programme for water sanitation (Programme Maroco-belge d'assainissement liquide) ASSLI (MOR 11 041 11)

Morocco Mitigation * Energy Efficiency

Transport

Transportation infrastructure rehabilitation programme in the Tshopo Province (Programme de Désenclavement dans la province de la Tshopo) PRODET (RDC 12 178 11)

DR Congo Mitigation * Transport

Strengthening capacities in the Environment sector (Programme de Renforcement des Compétences dans le Domaine de l’Environnement) PRCDE (ALG 14 019 11)

Algeria Mitigation * Transport


Buildings, cities, industries and appliances

Schools Construction, Rehabilitation and Equipment in the Occupied Palestinian Territory - PHASE IV Schools IV (PZA1203211)

Palestinian Territories

Mitigation * Energy efficiency * Buildings, cities, industries and appliances Adaptation * Infrastructure * Awareness strengthening and climate risk reduction

Improving the Training of BTVET Technical Teachers/ Instructors and Health Tutors, and Secondary Teachers in Uganda Teacher education TTE (UGA0902011)

Uganda Mitigation * Energy Efficiency * Buildings, cities, industries and appliances Adaptation * Infrastructure

Land use/forestry (REDD+)

Support to reforestation in the East & North Province (Project d’appui à la reforestation dans les provinces de l’Est du Nord) PAREF II (RWA0907011)

Rwanda Mitigation * Land use/forestry (REDD+)

Kilombero and Lower Rufiji Wetlands Ecosystem Management Project KILORWEMP (TAN 11 027 11)

Tanzania Mitigation * Land use/forestry (REDD+) Adaptation * Ecosystem and ecosystem services

Institutional and regulatory systems

Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Development - Energy Sector NRG CB (RWA1208311)

Rwanda Mitigation * Energy generation and access * Institutional and regulatory systems

Clean Development Mechanism Capacity Development Project CDMCDP (UGA 09 021 11)

Uganda Mitigation * Institutional and regulatory systems

Other : waste management


Support to Integrated Waste Management (Appui à la Gestion Intégrée des Déchets) AGID (ALG1402011)

Algeria Mitigation * Other : Waste management

Strengthening and upgrading of the waste management system of Sikasso (Consolidation de la filière de valorisation et de gestion des déchets solides de Sikasso) CONFIDES (MLI1204111)

Mali Mitigation * Other : Waste management

Adaptation

Enhancing livelihoods Enhancing livelihoods

Support and follow-up of Economic Interest Groups (EIG) for the date sector development in Moroccan oases (Appui et accompagnement des groupements d'intérêt économique pour le développement de la filière phoenicicole au niveau des oasis marocaines) PAGIE (MOR140471)

Morocco Mitigation * Land use/forestry (REDD+) Adaptation * Enhancing livelihoods * Health and well-being and food and water security

Development of the saffron & palm dates value chains in the Souss-Massa-Drâa Region (Développement des filières du safran et du palmier dattier dans la région Souss-Massa-Drâa) Safran-Dattes (MOR1204311)


Health and well-being and food and water security

Development of the almond tree value chain in the Oriental Region (Developpement de la filière des amandiers dans la région de l'oriental) PROFAO (MOR 10 039 11)



Support project to the Construction of Retention Basins and to Well Development in the Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kaffrine and Thiès regions (Projet d'appui à la réalisation de bassins de rétention et à la valorisation de forages dans les régions de Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kaffrine et Thiès) BARVAFOR (SEN 10 024 11)

Senegal Adaptation * Health and well-being and food and water security

Infrastructure

Tan Hoa – Lo Gom Canal Sanitation and Urban Upgrading Project Phase 1 THLG 1 (VIE 00 003) Extension of Tan Hoa – Lo Gom Canal Sanitation and Urban Upgrading Project in Ho Chi Minh City – Vietnam THLG Extension (VIE 01 006)

Vietnam Adaptation * Infrastructure

Integrated Water Management and Urban Development in Relation to Climate Change in Ha Tinh Province ClimateHT (VIE1204411)

Vietnam Adaptation * Infrastructure * Institutional and regulatory systems * Climate information / early warning systems

Ecosystem and ecosystem services

Programme for sustainable economic development and strategic management of natural resources in the regions of Apurimac, Ayacucho, Huancavelica, Junin y Pasco (Desarrollo económico sostenible y gestión estratégica de los recursos naturales en las regiones de Apurímac, Ayacucho, Huancavelica, Junín y Pasco) PRODERN (PER1001811)

Peru Mitigation * Land use/forestry (REDD+) Adaptation * Enhancing livelihoods * Ecosystem and ecosystem services

Natural Resources Management for Local Economic Development in Kigoma Region Project NRM-LED (TAN1302911)

Tanzania Mitigation * Land use/forestry (REDD+) Adaptation * Ecosystem and ecosystem services


Institutional and regulatory systems

Institutional support to 3 river basins agencies (Appui institutionnel à 3 agences de bassins hydrauliques) ABH (MOR1204211)

Morocco Adaptation * Institutional and regulatory systems * Infrastructure

Green Growth Strategy Facility GGSF (VIE1104111)

Vietnam Mitigation * Institutional and regulatory systems Adaptation * Infrastructure * Institutional and regulatory systems

Climate information / early warning systems

Technical Support Unit for Water Management and Urban Development in Relation to Climate Change in the Provinces of Ha Tinh, Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan ClimateTSU (VIE1204511)


Integrated Water Management and Urban Development in relation to Climate Change in Ninh Thuan Province ClimateNT (VIE1104011)


Awareness strengthening and climate risk reduction

Integrated Water Management and Urban Development in relation to Climate Change in Binh Thuan Province ClimateBT (VIE1204311)


Integrated Water Management and Urban Development in Relation to Climate Change in Ha Tinh Province ClimateHT (VIE1204411)



Annexe 3: Analysis of discrepancies


Annexe 4: List of opportunities with approaching deadlines

Opportunities Challenges Deadlines

New Cooperation programmes Ensure climate mainstreaming in new Cooperation programmes 2017: TAN/PZA 2018: BEN/UGA 2019: MOZ

Change of mandate under the BTC-ENABEL transition

Taking into account the climate in the new ENABEL structure January 2018

Renewal of the Knowledge-building framework contract

Decision on how to capitalise on climate experiences in view of exploiting these in financing applications

End of framework contract: 10 July 2017

Ongoing climate projects Capitalise on experiences of ongoing projects before their completion. Depending on response of the GCF

Follow-up of GCF accreditation process BTC must be ready to immediately respond to new potential requests of the GCF to keep up its advantage in the GCF workflow and be accredited as soon as possible

Expecting response of the fund still

Allocation of annual Belgian regional budgets

Positioning BTC as an instance taking up regional budgets December 2017


BTC, the Belgian development agency, supports and provides expertise for development programs for the account of the Belgian State and other commissioners. Rue Haute 147 1000 Brussels, Belgium T + 32 (0)2 505 37 00 [email protected] www.btcctb.org