Climate change, food safety and human health: diversity and epidemics of climate-relateddiversity and epidemics of climate related

marine pathogenic bacteria

Lanming Chen

Shanghai Ocean University

Global climate change

CO2 reservoir atmosphere

Solar energy

Ocean CO2 reservoir

Terrestrial CO2 reservoir

2

ical

pum

p

Cyanobacteria

Carbon fixation

C

Bio

log

CO2, CH4 N2O

Cyanobacteria, Bacteria

Organic carbon metabolism

Virus Archaea

Nutrient

cycling

C

NSS

A schema of effects of marine microorganisms on climate change

Ph l ti iti f hPhylogenetic position of archaeon

Hyperthermusyp

O ti l th t 95 106 oC T 108 oC H7Optimal growth at 95-106 oC, Tmax: 108 oC, pH7

Anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria

Hyperthermus butylicus

p

Hyperthermus butylicus(Isolation: the sea floor of a solfatari habitat,

Sao Miguel, Azores.)

J. Bacteriol.1990,172:3959-3965

H t t hi i ti f H b t liHeterotrophic respiration of H. butylicus

Carbon nitrogen

Peptide mixtures

S0, H2

H. butylicus

Carbon, nitrogen, energy

H. butylicus

1-butanol, acetic acid, CO2

phenylacetic acid

Fermentationproducts

Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (trace)

Genome features of Hyperthermus butylicus

Single circular chromosome: 1,667,163 bp

G+C(%):Total sequencing reads:Genome coverage:Genome gap closure:

53.710,600 3.8 foldComb PCR

Predicted genes: 1,740

Conserved with protein function assigned:

540(31.9%)

Conserved with unknown 449(26 5%)Genome gap closure: Comb PCR

Start codon (65%):Sulfur reducing genes

GUG, UUG17

Conserved with unknown protein function:

449(26.5%)

Duplicated genesGene families:L t f il

14.7%9151IS elements:

Transposase genes:00

Largest gene family:Peptidase:

51 transporter genes

23

The genome of Hyperthermus butylicus: a sulphur-reducing, peptide fermenting, neutrophilic Crenarchaeote growing up to 108 0C. Archaea, 2007, 2:127-135

Where did biological hazards in sea food come from?

• Pathogenic bacteria naturally indigenous to marine environment and naturally present on sea animals

• Pathogens run off from terrestrial environmentenvironment

• Contaminants during processing, transport and storage of raw materialsContaminants gro ing in food preparation• Contaminants growing in food preparation and storage.

• aquatic environment

Major Sea food-borne pathogens and diseases

Clostridium botulinumVibrio spp. V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificusPlesiomonas shigelloidesAeromonas spp.

• Soil, decaying vegetation, ubiquitous in general environmentsListeria monocytogenesClostridium perfringensBacillus spp. Clostridium botulinum proteolytic type A BClostridium botulinum proteolytic type A, B

• Animal / human reservoirSalmonella spp. Shigella spp. Campylobacter jejuniCampylobacter jejuniStaphylococcus aureus

Some recent sea food safety issues by Vibrios• Chile. Shellfish consumption-related outbreaks caused by V.

parahaemolyticus, ≈7,000 cases in Puerto Montt in 2004–2007. (Emerging Inf.Dis.2009,15(2):163-168)

M i d k d h i t i t d b V• Mexico. raw or undercooked shrimp contaminated by V. parahaemolyticus, 1230 cases in 2003 and 9, 2004 (FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006,265(1):76-80)

• USA 825 cases Vibrio vulnificus (33%) V parahaemolyticus (29%)USA. 825 cases, Vibrio vulnificus (33%), V. parahaemolyticus (29%), and V. alginolyticus (16%) in Florida in 1998-2007. (Epidemiol Infect, 2010,14:1-8)

• China, 211 events caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in 1994-2005. y p y(FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 2007,51:8–13)

Temperature effects on microbial food-borne diseases

Distribution of 1078 microbial food-borne diseases during the calendar year

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 2007,51:8–13

Temperature effects on No.1 cause of sea food-borne disease

Number of Vibrio parahaemolyticus incidents per month in Japan (CAC, 2002).

Total V. parahaemolyticus levels in oysters at three sites in Chesapeake Bay were enumerated by direct plating

Int. J. Food Microbiol. 128 (2008) 354–361

College of Food Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety

Current research interest• Functional genomics and proteomics of marine bacteriaFunctional genomics and proteomics of marine bacteria• Pathogenetics and epidemics of sea food-borne pathogens• Screening for novel natural food preservatives

Probiotics and environment friendly aquaculture• Probiotics and environment-friendly aquaculture

Contact detailsProfessor Lanming ChenCFST, Shanghai Ocean University999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Pudong District Shanghai, 201306P R China

Professor Lanming Chen

P.R.ChinaTel: +86 (0)21 61900379E-mail: lmchen@shou.edu.cn

Thank you very much for your attention