climate change impacts on czech agriculture(intech)

7/30/2019 Climate Change Impacts on Czech Agriculture(InTech)

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9:

Daelizk Dìfhk Elsidzt nf Dkd` Ihred{az{rk

_jkfm ia{j 9!2 kz ia&9Lkfjka [fewkrtezu ef Brfn

2Hanbia Dìfhk Rktkird` Dkfzkr IT DR!w&w&e (D_KD@HANBK%

Dkd` Rks{baed

9& Efzrnj{dzenf

Dìszkr t{llirekt z`k lionr elsidzt ng dìfhefh daelized dnfjezenft ef z`k Dkdìhred{az{rk& Tskdeged ditk tz{jekt irk skrgnrlkj gnr z`k x`nak dn{fzru iribak aifj% ifj irksrndkttkj z`rn{h` HET ef z`k tsizeia hrej ;33 p ;33 l rktskdzewkau 9 p 9 ml eg lejjak K{rnsket dnftejkrkj& Dnfzreb{zenf srktkfzt z`k elsidzt ng daelizk dìfhk nf z`k srnj{dzenf ng zxnlionr gekaj drnst xefzkr x`kiz ifj tsrefh biraku% ef z`k Dkd` Rks{baed gnr jeggkrkfz g{z{rkzelk `nrenft 2343! 23;3 ifj 2933%& Z`k uekaj tz{ju efda{jkt fnz nfau z`k kggkdz ng daelizeddnfjezenft b{z iatn z`k gkrzeaeizenf kggkdz ng dirbnf jenpejk& Tz{ju et dnlsakzkj bu kggkdzt ngretefh zklskriz{rkt nf z`k tsrkij ng zklskriz{rk,jkskfjefh benzed gidznrt tkakdzkj sktzt%ifj dìfhkt ef ihrndaelized dnfjezenft gnr gekaj drnst& Z`k bited jizi xèd` irk fkkjkj ifj{tkj irk anfh,zkrl jizibitk ng z`k fizenfia lkzknrnanhedia tkrwedk ifj ihred{az{rianrhifeizenft xèd` xit {tkj gnr kwia{izenf ng hrnxz` lnjkat k&h& DKRKT%& Nz`kr {tkjznnat irk lnjkat xèd` iaanx jktdrebk z`k kwna{zenf ng sktzt ef fkx daelizk dnfjezenft k&h&DAELKP nr KDILNF% ifj wiren{t lkzknrnanhedia efjekdkt& Jktdreszenf ng kpskdzkjxkiz`kr dnfjezenft irk bitkj nf zxn klettenf tdkfirent! iddnrjefh zn z`k ESDD lntzauTRKT,I2 ifj ,B9% ifj z`rkk HDL lnjkat FDIR,SDL! KD@IL; ifj @ijDL4%& Z`kernskf iddktt lnfzàu n{zs{zt irk s{baet`kj gnr z`k efjewej{ia zelk `nrenft k&h& 2343! 23;3ifj 2933% ifj irk srksirkj ef z`k jieau zelk tzks bu tzndìtzed xkiz`kr hkfkriznr& Z`kelsidzt ng daelizk dìfhk irk jkzkrlefkj bu dnlsirefh z`k d{rrkfz ifj kpskdzkj tzizknbtkrwkj s`kfnlkfi&

2& Daelizk dìfhk tdkfirent gnr z`k Dkd` Rks{baed

Ef ittkttefh elsidzt ng z`k daelizk dìfhk nf ihred{az{rk! wiren{t lnjkat k&h& drns hrnxz`lnjkat% irk {tkj& Z`ktk lnjkat fkkj gnr z`ker tel{aizenft l{azewireizk xkiz`kr tkrekt

Lerntaiw Zrfmi9!2! Skzr @aiwefmi9!2! Lirzef J{brnwtm9!2! Kwi Twnbnjnw9!2! Jifekai Tklkrjnw9!2!Akfmi Birznnw9!2! Oif Biakm9! Ontkg Kezefhkr2!4 ifj Lirzef Lnf:9Lkfjka [fewkrtezu ef Brfn! Dkd` Rks{baed2Hanbia Dìfhk Rktkird` Dkfzkr IT DR! w&w&e (D_KD@HANBK%! Dkd` Rks{baed4[fewkrtezu ng Fiz{ria Rktn{rdkt ifj Issaekj Aegk Tdekfdkt (BNM[%! I{tzrei:Dkd` @ujrnlkzknrnanhedia Eftzez{zk! Jnmtifu! Dkd` Rks{baed


2/28

Daelizk Dìfhk Tndenkdnfnled Kggkdzt2;2

rksrktkfzefh srktkfz ifj g{z{rk daelizkt& It z`k srktkfzau iwieaibak daelizk lnjkat ]kez`krtnakau Hanbia Daelizk Lnjkat HDLt% nr Rkhenfia Daelizk Lnjkat RDLt% jrewkf butkakdzkj HDL%\ {tkj zn srnokdz z`k g{z{rk daelizk jn fnz tizetgidznreau rksrnj{dk z`ktzr{dz{rk ng z`k rky{erkj t{rgidk xkiz`kr tkrekt ef zkrlt ng srnbibeaezu jetzreb{zenf

g{fdzenft ng efjewej{ia wireibakt! it xkaa it ef zkrlt ng dnrrkaizenft ifj aih,dnrrkaizenftilnfh z`k wireibakt%! iazkrfizewk issrnid`kt irk klsanukj zn drkizk z`k t{rgidk xkiz`krtkrekt xez` i rkia,xnraj tzizetzedia tzr{dz{rk? tzizetzeia jnxftdiaefh Bkfktzij kz ia&! 2330% ifjxkiz`kr hkfkriznrt Bkkrtli ' B{etìfj! 2334= J{brnwtm kz ia! 233:= Xeamt! 2335=Tklkfnw kz ia&! 9550% Bnz` lkz`njnanhekt rkau nf tzizetzedia issrnid`kt& Ef ditk ng z`ktzizetzedia jnxftdiaefh TJT%! z`k t{rgidk xkiz`kr tkrekt et lnjkaakj dnfjezenfiaau {tefh!k&h&! rkhrkttenf,bitkj rkaizenftèst% nf z`k airhkr,tdiak dìridzkretzedt k&h& derd{aizenfefjedkt! xkiz`kr zuskt! ifj {sskr,ier izlnts`kred dìridzkretzedt%& Nfdk z`k TJT lnjka etdiaebrizkj xez` z`k srktkfz daelizk jizi! z`k g{z{rk,daelizk xkiz`kr tkrekt et drkizkj buissauefh z`k TJT lnjka zn HDL,tel{aizkj g{z{rk,daelizk srkjedznrt& Ef n{r kpskrelkfzt!

xk {tk z`k aizzkr issrnid` , z`k xkiz`kr hkfkriznrt XHt%& Tskdegediaau! xk {tk z`ktzndìtzed jieau xkiz`kr hkfkriznr L'Rge lnrk ijwifdkj gnaanxkr ng z`k kiraekr Lkz'Rnaahkfkriznr ]J{brnwtm kz ia&! 233:\%! xèd` lnjkat z`k l{azewireizk t{rgidk jieau xkiz`krtkrekt {tefh z`k lepz{rk ng tzizetzedia lnjkat? ef z`k gertz tzks! srkdesezizenf et tel{aizkj{tefh Lirmnw dìef gnr srkdesezizenf ndd{rrkfdk ifj Hilli jetzreb{zenf gnr jieausrkdesezizenf iln{fz& Ef z`k tkdnfj tzks! tnair rijeizenf TRIJ%! ifj jieau zklskriz{rkkpzrklkt ZLIP ifj ZLEF% irk tel{aizkj {tefh z`k gertz nrjkr i{znrkhrkttewk lnjka& Znhkfkrizk xkiz`kr tkrekt rksrktkfzefh z`k g{z{rk daelizk! z`k XH sirilkzkrt irk lnjegekjiddnrjefh zn z`k HDL,bitkj daelizk dìfhk tdkfiren J{brnwtm kz ia&! 2333= ia{j 'J{brnwtm! 2332%! xèd` dnftetzt ng z`k dìfhkt ef lnfzàu daelized dìridzkretzedt lkift

ifj wireibeaezekt ng z`k t{rgidk xkiz`kr dìridzkretzedt% ifj et jkrewkj grnl aizktz iwieaibakHDL tel{aizenft&Z`k jkwkanslkfz ng z`k daelizk dìfhk tdkfiren et iggkdzkj bu wiren{t {fdkrziefzektJ{brnwtm kz ia&! 233;%& Ng z`ktk! xk iddn{fz gnr {fdkrziefzekt ef daelizk tkftezewezu DT%!klettenf tdkfiren KT% ifj efzkr,HDL {fdkrziefzu& Zèt et jnfk bu {tefh z`k sizzkrf tdiaefhlkz`nj Tifzkr kz ia&! 9553%! ef xèd` z`k dìfhkt ef efjewej{ia daelized dìridzkretzedt P%irk jkgefkj it i srnj{dz ng tzifjirjekj dìfhkt tP% ifj dìfhk ef hanbia lkifzklskriz{rk ZH%?

P< ZHtP 9%

Z`k tzifjirjetkj tdkfirent irk jkrewkj grnl z`k HDLt xk {tkj HDLt grnl ESDD,IR:jizibitk%! z`k ZH wia{kt irk jkzkrlefkj bu z`k telsak daelizk lnjka LIHEDD @irwku kzia&! 9558= @{alk kz ia&! 2333% itt{lefh {tkr,tkakdzkj klettenf tdkfiren ifj daelizktkftezewezu& Zn iddn{fz gnr z`k ibnwk {fdkrziefzekt! xk {tk 4 HDLt zn rksrktkfz {fdkrziefzuef z`k tzifjirjekj tdkfiren v efzkr,HDL {fdkrziefzu%! ifj 4 wia{kt ng ZH zn rksrktkfz{fdkrziefzu ef z`k tdiaefh gidznr&Z`k d`nedk ng z`k zresakz ng z`k HDLt xit bitkj nf ittkttefh z`k gez bkzxkkf z`k nbtkrwkjifj HDL tel{aizkj iff{ia dudakt J{brnwtm kz ia&! 233;%& Bitkj nf z`k rkt{azt ng z`ktkwiaejizenf zktzt! xk d`ntk KD@IL;! @ijDL4 ifj FDIR,SDL lnjkat KD@IL! @ijDL!FDIR ef fkpz zkpz%& Z`k tzifjirjekj daelizk dìfhk tdkfirent jkrewkj grnl z`k z`rkktkakdzkj HDLt irk t`nxf ef Geh&9& Zn rksrktkfz {fdkrziefzu ef ZH! xk {tk z`k anx! lejjak


3/28

Daelizk Dìfhk Elsidzt nf Dkd` Ihred{az{rk 2;4

Geh& 9& Tzifjirjekj tdkfirent ng dìfhkt ef lnfzàu! tkitnfia lnfz` < 94 zn 97% ifjiff{ia lnfz` < 98% lkift ng zklskriz{rk zns% ifj srkdesezizenf bnzznl%

ifj èh` wia{kt! xèd` rksrktkfz dnlbefkj {fdkrziefzu ef klettenf tdkfiren ifj daelizktkftezewezu Geh&2%? Z`k anx wia{k et jkgefkj it i lefel{l ng ZH rkaizkj zn : klettenftdkfirent TRKT,I9b! ,B9! ,I2! ,B2% ifj anx daelizk tkftezewezu 9&; M%! z`k èh` wia{k et


4/28

Daelizk Dìfhk Tndenkdnfnled Kggkdzt2;:

jkgefkj it i lipel{l ng ZH rkaizkj zn z`k : klettenf tdkfirent ifj èh` daelizktkftezewezu :&; M%! ifj z`k lejjak wia{k rkaizkt zn z`k iwkrihk ng zxn lejjak wia{kt rkaizkjzn z`k gn{r klettenf tdkfirent ifj lejjak daelizk tkftezewezu 2&7 M%&Ef lnjeguefh z`k sirilkzkrt ng z`k XH! z`k ibnwk tdiaefh ky{izenf 9% et issaekj jeggkrkfzau

zn efjewej{ia XH sirilkzkrt? Zn lnjegu iff{ia dudak ng lkif zklskriz{rk bnz` ZLIPifj ZLEF% wia{kt! z`k tzifjirjekj tdkfiren wia{kt tZirk ejkfzedia xez` z`k zklskriz{rkdìfhkt kpsrkttkj ef zkrlt ng Mkawef jkhrkkt! xèd` elsaekt ijjezewk lnjegedizenf ng z`kiff{ia zklskriz{rk dudak?

1Zg{z{rk6 < 1Zsrktkfz6 - Z! x`krk Z< ZHtZ 2%

Ef lnjeguefh z`k lkif srkdesezizenf dudak! xk itt{lk z`k l{azesaedizewk lnjegedizenf?

1Sg{z{rk6 < 1Ssrktkfz6 9 - S.933% 4%

x`krk S et i skrdkfzihk dìfhk ef srkdesezizenf& X`kf z`k sizzkrf tdiaefh lkz`nj ky&9% et

{tkj zn jkzkrlefk

S! z`k srnbakl iretkt `nx zn jkgefk z`k tzifjirjetkj dìfhk

TS ifj`nx zn issau z`k tdiaefh srndkj{rk& Ef i lntz tzrieh`zgnrxirj xiu ifj ef iddnrjifdk xez`ky&9! xk liu itt{lk zìz S et aefkirau srnsnrzenfia zn ZH?

S < ZHTS :%

xèd` liu xnrm gnr tliaa wia{kt ng ZH& @nxkwkr! ef ditk ng z`k airhkr wia{kt ng ZH gnrkpilsak! ez zimkt wia{k ng ibn{z ; gnr TRKT,I2 ifj èh` daelizk tkftezewezu% ifj lnjktztzifjirjetkj jkdrkitk ng srkdesezizenf TS tiu ,2;+%! z`k ibnwk ky{izenf xn{aj elsautkftkaktt S 1 ,933+& Ef rkt{az! xk issau i jeggkrkfz gnrl{ai x`kf issauefh z`k sizzkrftdiaefh lkz`nj gnr srkdesezizenf dìfhkt& Eftzkij ng z`k ibnwk itt{lkj aefkireazu bkzxkkfZH ifj S xk itt{lk jS . S < mZH! x`krk jS efjedizkt if efgefezktelia dìfhk! xèd`

ef z{rf elsaekt i aefkir rkaizenftès bkzxkkf afS ifj ZH ifj z`krkbu if kpsnfkfzeiajkskfjkfdk ng S nf ZH?

afSg{z{rk < afSsrktkfz - mZH Sg{z{rk < Ssrktkfz kps mZH% ;%

x`krk m et! ef gidz! i tzifjirjetkj rkaizkj zn 9M retk ef hanbia lkif zklskriz{rk% dìfhk efafS ifj liu bk jkzkrlefkj bu issauefh aefkir rkhrkttenf zn ]afS! ZH\ jizi& Ef issauefh z`ksizzkrf tdiaefh ky{izenf! ifnz`kr srnbakl iretkt? eg z`k tzifjirjetkj dìfhk et sntezewk m 63% ifj ZH et dantk zn z`k èh` kfj ng nr kwkf bkunfj z`k diaebrizenf efzkrwia wia{kttel{aizkj bu z`k hewkf HDL% ng ZH! xk jkia xez` i srnbakl ng kpzrisnaizenf& Iatndnftejkrefh z`k fnz,tn,èh` dnrrkaizenf bkzxkkf S ifj ZH! xèd` elsaekt rkaizewkau èh`

krrnrt ef ktzelizefh z`k rkhrkttenf sirilkzkrt! xk l{tz bk wkru dirkg{a ef zèt kpzrisnaizenf&Zn ijjrktt zèt srnbakl! xk {tk i aefkir eftzkij ng z`k kpsnfkfzeia% retk x`kf m et sntezewkifj ZH retk bkunfj 9?

S < ]kpsmZH% 9\ 933 ]+\= gnr ZH 19 7%

S < ]9 - m ZH 9%\ ]kpsm% 9\ 933 ]+\= gnr ZH 69 8%

Z`k rkaizenftèst bkzxkkf S ifj ZH gnr bnz` sntezewk ifj fkhizewk wia{kt ng m irk t`nxfef Geh&4& Eg m et fkhizewk! z`k d{rwkt t`nxf ef Geh&4 irk lerrnr,tullkzred xez` d{rwkt gnrsntezewk m ianfh z`k p < 3 aefk ifj z`krkgnrk z`k kpsnfkfzeia jkskfjkfdk et {tkj gnr ZH 6 9 ifj z`k aefkir rkaizenftès gnr ZH 1 9& Z`k dìfhkt ef z`k lkif hanbia tnair rijeizenf


5/28

Daelizk Dìfhk Elsidzt nf Dkd` Ihred{az{rk 2;;

(TRIJ% ifj ef wireibeaezekt ng TRIJ! ZLIP ifj ZLEF (eg issaekj% irk jkzkrlefkj ef z`ktilk xiu it z`k dìfhkt ef z`k srkdesezizenf iln{fz&

Geh& 2& Anx! lejjak ifj èh` wia{kt ng dìfhk (xez` rktskdz zn 958;! xèd` et z`k dkfzkr ngz`k dnllnf rkgkrkfdk skrenj 9579,9553% ef hanbia lkif zklskriz{rk gnr 232;! 23;3 ifj 2933iddnrjefh zn LIHEDD (w&;&4% lnjka& Z`k anx wia{k rkaizkt zn lefel{l ng ZH rkaizkj zn :klettenf tdkfirent (TRKT,I9b! ,B9! ,I2! ,B2% ifj anx daelizk tkftezewezu (9&; M%! z`k èh`wia{k rkaizkt zn lipel{l ng jZhanb rkaizkj zn z`k : klettenf tdkfirent ifj èh` daelizktkftezewezu (:&; M%! ifj z`k lejjak wia{k rkaizkt zn z`k iwkrihk ng zxn lejjak wia{kt rkaizkjzn z`k gn{r klettenf tdkfirent ifj lejjak daelizk tkftezewezu (2&7 M%&

Geh& 4& Z`k jkskfjkfdk ng Pnf ZH iddnrjefh zn z`k sizzkrf tdiaefh lkz`nj& Z`k tnaejaefkt rksrktkfz z`k jkskfjkfdk gnr m63! z`k jit`kj aefkt gnr m13 Z`k ba{k jnzt efjedizk z`kkpsnfkfzeia jkskfjkfdk! xèd` et rkokdzkj gnr jZH69 IFJ m63 ifj jZH19 IFJ m13 zniwnej z`k kpzrisnaizenf srnbakl&


6/28


4& [tefh hrnxz` lnjkat gnr daelizk dìfhk elsidz ittkttlkfz nf drns uekaj

Drns hrnxz` lnjkat irk xejkau iddkszkj znnat gnr saifz srnj{dzenf ittkttefh {fjkrwiren{t dnfjezenft nr lifihklkfz tzrizkhekt% ifj ìwk bkkf {tkj tefdk z`k 9573t& Z`ku irk

jktehfkj it i tkz ng iahnrez`lt nf wiren{t bitkt gnr ittkttefh ihred{az{ria snzkfzeia! drnsjkwkanslkfz ifj uekaj gnrkditzefh Skrjehn ' T{ssez 9555%& Z`ku dn{aj bk issaekj iz andiagekaj%! rkhenfia nr xejkr tsizeia akwka ifj {tkj gnr ifiautet ifj nszeleizenf ng ihred{az{riasridzedkt! t{d` it wiren{t tnxefh jizk! fezrnhkf gkrzeaeizenf k&h&! Refiaje 233:% nr xezèfdaelizk dìfhk elsidz ittkttlkfz k&h&! Iakpifjrnw ' @nhkfbnnl 2333= Zrfmi kz ia&!233:i= Xnag kz ia&! 9557%& Z`k kggkdz ng kpskdzkj g{z{rk daelized dnfjezenft filkau dìfhkt ngtnair rijeizenf! ier zklskriz{rk ifj srkdesezizenf% ifj èh`kr dnfdkfzrizenf ng dirbnfjenpejk irk ifiaukj bu zèt xiu& Hkfkriaau! z`k jerkdz efga{kfdk ng èh`kr dirbnf jenpejkit i dr{deia tn{rdk ng dirbnf% et dnffkdzkj xez` s`nzntufz`ktet tzel{aizenf Lezd`ka kz ia&!9555%& Tel{azifkn{tau! z`k èh`kr dnfdkfzrizenf ng DN2 efga{kfdkt z`k tznlizi idzewezudi{tefh ezt èh`kr rktetzifdk% ifj z`k xizkr {tk kggedekfdu X[K%& Z`k kpskrelkfzt xez`

èh`kr DN2 dnfdkfzrizenf dnfgerlkj z`k benlitt srnj{dzenf efdrkitk xezèf D4 saifztIlz`nr! 2339%& Nf z`k nz`kr ìfj! iddnrjefh zn tnlk ng rkdkfz tz{jekt z`k efga{kfdk ng DN2ef rkia dnfjezenft xeaa bk anxkr Ieftxnrz` ' Anfh! 233;%& Lnrknwkr! z`k dnfj{dzkj tz{jekt{t{iaau fkhakdzkj z`k efga{kfdk ng DN2 dnfdkfzrizenf xezèf èh`kr ier zklskriz{rk ifjtnlk uekajt efdrkitk dn{aj bk kpskdzkj iatn j{k zn ihrn,zkd`fnanhedia elsrnwklkfz ifjbrkkjefh Bkrfztkf kz ia&! 2337%& Eg nfau zklskriz{rk efdrkitk et itt{lkj xez`n{z ijiszizenflkit{rkt t{d` it brkkjefh nr tnxefh jizk tègz%! zìf z`k kpskdzkj uekajt k&h& xefzkrx`kiz% xeaa bk anxkr it i dnftky{kfdk ng t`nrzkr hrnxefh skrenj k&h& Bizzt kz ia&! 9558%&Gnr z`k s{rsntk ng srktkfzkj tz{ju z`k DKRKT,X`kiz Hnjxef kz ia&! 9505% ifj DKRKT,Biraku Nzzkr,Fidmk kz ia&! 9559% lnjkat xkrk tkakdzkj it z`ku xkrk t{ddkttg{aau {tkj xezèftkwkria tz{jekt z`rn{h` z`k dkfzria K{rnsk k&h& @aiwefmi kz ia&! 2393= Kezefhkr kz ia&! 233:%

efda{jefh z`k ifiautet ng daelizk dìfhk elsidz nf uekajt Zrfmi kz ia&! 233:i! b%& Z`ku irksrndktt,nrekfzkj wirekzekt ng drns lnjkat ifj xnrmt xezèf z`k grilkxnrm ng z`k JTTIZ ,Jkdetenf T{ssnrz Tutzkl gnr Ihrnzkd`fnanhu Zriftgkr @nnhkfbnnl kz ia&! 955:%&S`kfnanhedia jkwkanslkfz ifj hrnxz` ef z`k DKRKT lnjkat irk jerkdzkj bu d{azewir,tskdeged hkfkzed dnkggedekfzt jkskfjefh nf z`k s`nznskrenj! z`krlia zelk! zklskriz{rkrktsnftk ifj jru lizzkr sirzezenfefh& DKRKT lnjkat diad{aizk jru lizzkr idd{l{aizenf it iaefkir g{fdzenf bitkj nf efzkrdkszkj s`nzntufz`kzediaau idzewk rijeizenf& Snzkfzeia jrulizzkr idd{l{aizenf jkskfjt nf z`k iln{fz ng benlitt iarkiju srnj{dkj ifj z`k idz{iaakig irki efjkp& Zèt et z`kf dnrrkdzkj gnr idz{ia jieau benlitt bu issauefh gidznrt gnr xizkrifj.nr fezrnhkf tzrktt ifj fnf,nszelia zklskriz{rk&Gnr z`k tsizeia ifiautet z`k Dkd` Rks{baed xit jewejkj efzn hrejt ;33 p ;33 l xez`

efgnrlizenf ibn{z iazez{jk! aifj{tk! tnea zusk ifj zkpz{rk ifj ùjrnaelezt& Z`k srktkfzdaelized dnfjezenft xkrk rksrktkfzkj bu jieau lkit{rkj lipel{l ifj lefel{lzklskriz{rkt! srkdesezizenf ifj hanbia rijeizenf grnl 92; tzizenft j{refh z`k skrenj 9579,2333& Eg z`k surifnlkzkr xit lettefh zìf z`k t{ftèfk j{rizenf ef dnlbefizenf xezÌfhtzrl lkz`nj xit {tkj gnr hanbia rijeizenf ktzelizkt&Gnr z`k g{z{rk daelized dnfjezenft z`k lkit{rkj xkiz`kr jizi xkrk rksaidkj bu z`k jizijkrewkj grnl tkakdzkj HDL lnjkat KD@IL! @ijDL! FDIR% ef dnlbefizenf xez` TRKT,I2 ifj TRKT,B9 klettenf tdkfirent& Lnrknwkr TRKT,I2 xit dnffkdzkj xez` èh` daelizktkftezewezu zn efdrkitkj DN2 dnfdkfzrizenf ifj TRKT,B9 xez` anx daelizk tkftezewezu&Dnftky{kfzau! z`k jieau xkiz`kr jizi xkrk srksirkj {tefh tzndìtzed xkiz`kr hkfkriznrLkz'Rnaa J{brnwtm! 9558% ifj z`k tsizeia ifiautet xit dnfj{dzkj {tefh IrdHET tngzxirk&


7/28


4&9 Daelizk dìfhk ifj xefzkr x`kiz (ditk tz{ju%Z`k bited zitm gnr z`k ittkttlkfz ng g{z{rk daelized dnfjezenft xezèf tkakdzkj drnst et z`kifiautet ng z`k kpskdzkj dìfhkt ng saifz jkwkanslkfz e&k& tzirz ifj j{rizenf ng tkakdzkjs`kfnanhedia tzihkt% ifj izziefibak uekajt efga{kfdkj bu z`k xizkr tzrktt ifj f{zrekfz

dnfdkfzrizenf%& Gnr z`k s{rsntk ng srktkfzkj tz{ju z`k d{azewir @ifi xit tkakdzkj it ez xitt{ddkttg{aau diaebrizkj ifj wkregekj xezèf tkwkf wiren{t andizenft z`rn{h` z`k Dkd` Rks{baedbu Zrfmi kz ia& 233:b%& Xezèf t{blezzkj tz{ju z`k kpskdzkj zkrlt ng tnxefh! ifz`ktet ifjsùtenanhedia liz{rezu gnr tkakdzkj tdkfirent ng g{z{rk daelized dnfjezenft% xkrk srkjedzkj&Hkfkriaau! z`k aizkr zkrl ng xefzkr x`kiz tnxefh it ez et jrewkf liefau bu iwieaibak tnealnetz{rk% dn{aj bk kpskdzkj j{k zn efdrkitefh jrn{h`z& Z`k aitz zxn ng lkfzenfkj sìtktxkrk tel{aizkj bu z`k DKRKT,X`kiz lnjka& Bitkj nf @ijDL lnjka z`k ifz`ktet xezèfTn{z`,Kitzkrf sirz ng dn{fzru dn{aj bk kpskdzkj ibn{z 2; jiut kiraekr gnr z`k ukir 23;3 gnrKD@IL 8,0 jiut kiraekr%& Z`k teleair tez{izenf et issirkfz iatn gnr sùtenanhedia liz{rezu tkkGeh&:%& Z`k dnfjezenft iddnrjefh zn @ijDL xeaa akij {s zn 24 jiut gnr xirlkr rkhenft% ifj47 jiut kiraekr liz{rezu gnr dnajkr rkhenft%& Zèt et ef iddnrjifdk xez` rkt{azt ng Nakttkf kz ia&

2333%! zìz 9D ier zklskriz{rk efdrkitk j{refh z`k hrief geaaefh sìtk rkj{dkj ezt j{rizenf bu;+& Z`k znzia j{rizenf ng hrnxefh skrenj grnl tnxefh zn sùtenanhedia liz{rezu% dn{aj bk {szn 7 xkkmt t`nrzkr iddnrjefh zn TRKT I,2 gnr 23;3 it z`k lntz sktteletzed tdkfiren% xezèf z`kf{lkrn{t Dkd` Rks{baed jetzredzt& Teleair rkt{azt xkrk rksnrzkj bu f{lbkr ng nz`kr tz{jektk&h& @irretnf kz ia&! 2333= Z{bekaan kz ia&! 2333%&

Geh& :& akgz% Z`k zkrl jktdrebkj bu z`k jiu ng ukir. O{aeif jiu OJ% ng sùtenanhedializ{rezu ng xefzkr x`kiz i% gnr srktkfz daelized dnfjezenft ifj b! d! j% gnr z`k ukir 23;3iddnrjefh zn TRKT,I2 ifj z`rkk tkakdzkj HDL it i lkjeif ng 55 tel{aizenft%&

Geh& ;& reh`z% Z`k uekajt z&ì,9% ng xefzkr x`kiz tel{aizkj bu z`k DKRKT,X`kiz iz iribak aifji% gnr z`k srktkfz daelized dnfjezenft 9579,2333% ifj b! d! j% kpskdzkj jeggkrkfdkt gnr z`kskrenj irn{fj 23;3 iddnrjefh TRKT,I2! eh` daelized tkftezewezu ifj z`rkk tkakdzkj HDL&


8/28


Gnr z`k dnlbefkj kggkdz ng efdrkitkj dirbnf jenpejk e&k& dìfhkj lkzknrnanhedia dnfjezenftifj gkrzeaeizenf kggkdz ng DN2% sntezewk zrkfj xezèf xefzkr x`kiz uekajt dn{aj bk kpskdzkj&Grnl z`k dnfj{dzkj ifiautkt et issirkfz zìz xefzkr x`kiz xeaa srntskr grnl z`k fkxdaelizk dnfjezenft ifj izziefibak uekajt dn{aj bk ibn{z 9:+ èh`kr xezèf 23;3 iddnrjefh zn

TRKT,B9 ifj nwkr 23+ iddnrjefh TRKT,I2 Geh& ;%& Iatn ef z`k dnfjezenft ng Tanwimeifkeh`bnrefh dn{fzru% z`k efdrkitkj uekajt ng xefzkr x`kiz ifj tsrefh biraku irk kpskdzkjiddnrjefh zn DHDL ifj iaa TRKT tdkfirent Zim ' emi! 2330%& Nf z`k nz`kr ìfj! z`ktkakdzkj HDL ifj TRKT tdkfiren ìt i beh efga{kfdk nf idèkwkj rkt{azt Naktkf kz ia&! 2338%&Z`k kpzkfj ng dnlbefkj efga{kfdk ef z`k dnfjezenft ng z`k Dkd` Rks{baed et iatn jkskfjkfznf z`k sirzed{air tnea ifj daelized dnfjezenft&Z`k èh`ktz rkaizewk efdrkitk ng uekajt dn{aj bk kpskdzkj ef z`k rkhenft xez` èh` y{iaezu ngtneat ifj t{ggedekfz srkdesezizenf& Z`k efdrkitkj uekajt dn{aj bk idèkwkj iatn xez`dnfjezenft Dkd`,Lnriweif @ehàifjt! Fnrz`krf Lnriwei ifj Bn`klei x`krk irk srktkfzaut{bnszelia anxkr% zklskriz{rkt! eh`kr srkdesezizenft ifj t{ggedekfz tnea y{iaezu& Hkfkriaau!

z`k xefzkr drnst t`nx anxkr t{tdkszebeaezu zn z`k fkhizewk elsidzt ng daelizk dìfhk ihieftzzn z`k tsrefh drnst&

Geh& 7& Tsizeia jetzreb{zenf ng xizkr tzrktt xez` 23 ukir rkz{rf srnbibeaezu bitkj nf TXJG2sirilkzkr DKRKT,X`kiz% gnr xefzkr x`kiz {fjkr srktkfz ifj kpskdzkj @ijDL! TRKT,I2ifj eh` daelizk tkftezewezu% dnfjezenft& Z`k efjerkdz kggkdz ng èh`kr hrkkf`n{tk hitktdnfdkfzrizenf ifj dnlbefkj kggkdz xkrk ittkttkj& Z`k eh`kr f{lbkr ef akhkfj efjedizktz`k èh`kr wia{k ng xizkr tzrktt 9 ky{iat 933+ tzrktt ifj 3 et xez`n{z ifu xizkr tzrktt%&


9/28


Z`k DKRKT lnjkat iatn nggkr z`k lkz`njt gnr drns tskdeged xizkr tzrktt y{ifzegedizenfj{refh z`k wiren{t sirzt ng wkhkzizenf% z`rn{h` z`k tkz ng sirilkzkrt& Nfk ng z`k DKRKTlnjkat ijwifzihkt gnr jrn{h`z elsidz ittkttlkfz {fjkr g{z{rk daelizk et z`k efdnrsnrizenfng jerkdz kggkdz ng efdrkitkj DN2 dnfdkfzrizenf akijefh zn èh`kr X[K&

Z`k rkt{azt rkhirjefh 23 ukirt rkz{rf srnbibeaezu ng jrn{h`z xit efwktzehizkj bu DKRKT,X`kiz z`rn{h` z`k Dkd` Rks{baed @ijDL lnjka! TRKT I2 tdkfiren ifj èh` daelizktkftezewezu%& Zèt ifiautet xit bitkj nf TXJG2 sirilkzkr jktdrebkt xizkr jkgedez kggkdzt nfsaifz sùtenanhedia srndkttkt% ittkttkj grnl ifz`ktet zn liz{rezu& Z`k rkt{azt efjedizkrkj{dkj xizkr tzrktt ef lntz rkhenft ng z`k Dkd` Rks{baed irn{fj 23;3 bnz` gnr dnlbefkjkggkdz dnffkdzkj efjerkdz elsidz ng èh`kr hrkkf`n{tk hitkt dnfdkfzrizenf ifj jerkdzgkrzeaeizenf kggkdz ng efdrkitkj DN2% ifj kwkf gnr tnakau efjerkdz kggkdz tkk Geh& 7%& Z`k anxkrxizkr tzrktt xezèf dnlbefkj kggkdz dn{aj bk kpsaiefkj bu z`k èh`kr X[K! t`nrzkrwkhkzizenf tkitnf ifj ezt sirzeia tègz grnl jrn{h`z ndd{rrkfdk skrenjt& Z`k xizkr tzrkttrkj{dzenf {fjkr etnaizkj efjerkdz kggkdz dn{aj bk kpsaiefkj nfau bu z`k aitz zxn lkfzenfkjrkitnft&

4&2 Daelizk dìfhk ifj tsrefh biraku (ditk tz{ju%Gnr z`k daelizk dìfhk elsidz ittkttlkfz xezèf tsrefh biraku jkwkanslkfz ifjd{azewizenf! z`k ifianhedia issrnid` it ef z`k ditk ng xefzkr x`kiz xit issaekj& Z`k d{azewirImdkfz xit {tkj it ez xit wiaejizkj xezèf z`rkk andiaezekt z`rn{h` z`k Dkd` Rks{baed xez`wiren{t tnea ifj daelized dnfjezenft Zrfmi kz ia&! 233:i%& Z`k kpskdzkj èh`kr zklskriz{rktxeaa akij zn kiraekr tnxefh jizk ifj z`k t`nrzkr s`kfnanhedia sìtkt ktskdeiaau gnr z`klnjka @ijDL%& Z`ktk dìfhkt sirzau kfibak zn iwnej z`k wkhkzizenf j{refh z`k skrenj xez`fkhizewk xizkr biaifdk e&k& jrn{h`z tzrktt%& Z`k srktkfz ifj kpskdzkj jizk ng sùtenanhedializ{rezu iddnrjefh zn z`k TRKT,I2 ifj z`rkk HDL gnr z`k skrenj irn{fj 23;3 et jksedzkj

xezèf Geh& 8& Zèt t`nrzkfefh ng wkhkzizenf sìtkt xez`n{z z`k itt{lszenf ng DN 2 jerkdzgkrzeaeizenf kggkdz% et lntzau fkhizewk gnr uekajt& Nf z`k nz`kr ìfj! x`kf iatn gkrzeaeizenfkggkdz xit efda{jkj! z`k sntezewk zrkfj xezèf izziefibak uekajt dn{aj bk kpskdzkj gnr z`kskrenj irn{fj 23;3 tkk Geh& 0%& Z`k èh`ktz uekajt {fjkr srktkfz dnfjezenft irk idèkwkj itxkaa it tel{aizkj% xezèf anxaifjt& Z`k tsizeia jetzreb{zenf ng kpskdzkj zrkfjt xezèf uekajtet wkru teleair z`rn{h` wiren{t rkhenft ifj iazez{jkt& Iddnrjefh zn KD@IL ifj FDIR z`kuekaj efdrkitk dn{aj bk ibn{z 9333 mh&ì,9 gnr lionrezu ng n{r dn{fzru& Z`k jrektz tdkfiren{tefh @ijDL lnjka% xeaa akij zn z`k anxktz uekaj efdrkitk znhkz`kr xez` z`k èh`ktzwireibeaezu& Ez dn{aj bk kpsaiefkj bu z`k èh`kr fkhizewk efga{kfdk ng kpzrklk ukirt& Z`k ielng zèt tz{ju et fnz idd{rizk srnhfntet ng uekajt ef g{z{rk! b{z zn ittktt snttebak elsidz ngg{z{rk dnfjezenft iddnrjefh zn tkakdzkj tdkfirent& Gnr zèt s{rsntk z`k izziefibak uekajt xkrk

ktzelizkj& Ez et dakir zìz ez xeaa bk efga{kfdkj iatn bu z`k brkkjefh! zkd`fnanhediaelsrnwklkfz nr kdnfnled tez{izenf ifj srenrezekt& Iddnrjefh zn srktkfzkj rkt{azt z`kizziefibak uekajt ng z`ktk zxn efwktzehizkj drnst xeaa bk èh`kr& Nf z`k nz`kr ìfj z`k g{z{rkdaelizk dnfjezenft xeaa akij zn z`k wiren{t dìfhkt t{d` it èh`kr sktz ifj jetkitktndd{rrkfdk xèd` znhkz`kr xez` èh`kr srnbibeaezu ng kpzrklk xkiz`kr kwkfzt t{d` itjrn{h`z nr rieftznrlt xeaa akij zn z`k izziefibak uekajt rkj{dzenf ef tnlk ukirt&

:& Sktz jkwkanslkfz ef daelizk dìfhk dnfjezenft

Srnj{dzewezu ng drnst hrnxf gnr `{lif dnft{lszenf et iz retm j{k zn z`k efdejkfdk ng sktzt!ktskdeiaau xkkjt! siz`nhkft ifj ifelia sktzt? gnr eftzifdk! xez`n{z drns srnzkdzenf ialntz


10/28

Daelizk Dìfhk Tndenkdnfnled Kggkdzt273

Geh& 8& akgz% Z`k zkrl jktdrebkj bu z`k jiu ng ukir. O{aeif jiu OJ% ng sùtenanhedializ{rezu ng tsrefh biraku i% gnr srktkfz daelized dnfjezenft ifj b! d! j% gnr z`k ukir 23;3iddnrjefh zn TRKT,I2 ifj z`rkk tkakdzkj HDL it i lkjeif ng 55 tel{aizenft%&

Geh& 0& reh`z% Z`k uekajt z&ì,9% ng tsrefh biraku tel{aizkj iz iribak aifj i% gnr z`k srktkfzdaelized dnfjezenft 9579,2333% ifj b! d! j% kpskdzkj jeggkrkfdkt gnr z`k skrenj irn{fj 23;3iddnrjefh TRKT,I2! @eh` daelized tkftezewezu ifj z`rkk tkakdzkj HDL&

8;+ ng izziefibak snzizn srnj{dzenf xn{aj bk antz zn sktzt Nkrmk! 2337%& Daelizeddnfjezenft ìwk i tehfegedifz efga{kfdk nf z`k sns{aizenf jufiledt! aegk,dudak j{rizenf!efgktzizenf srktt{rk ifj nwkriaa ndd{rrkfdk ng z`k lionrezu ng ihred{az{ria sktzt ifj jetkitkt&Zèt et sirzed{airau zr{k gnr sktz tskdekt x`ntk jkwkanslkfz et jerkdzau aefmkj xez` z`kdaelized dnfjezenft ifj gnr x`nl i tègz ef z`ker daelized fed`k nr z`ker efgktzizenf disibeaezu

et kpskdzkj j{refh dìfhefh daelizk& Ef daelizk xirlefh z`k f{lbkr ng eftkdz tskdekt skr{fez irki zkfjt zn jkdrkitk xez` efdrkitefh aizez{jk! i teleair zrkfj et {t{iaau gn{fj xezèfdrkitefh iazez{jk Hitznf ' Xeaaeilt! 9557%& Daelized xirlefh xeaa iaanx z`k lionrezu ngzklskrizk eftkdz tskdekt zn kpzkfj z`ker rifhkt zn èh`kr aizez{jkt ifj iazez{jkt& Tskdektxèd` d{rrkfzau ìwk xejk aizez{jefia rifhkt! iarkiju kfdn{fzkr dnftejkribak zklskriz{rkwireizenf ifj irk srkijiszkj zn dnsk xez` zklskriz{rk dìfhk Biak kz ia&! 2332%& Kpdksz z`kdìfhkt ef hknhrisèdia jetzreb{zenf ng z`k tskdekt daelizk dìfhk liu rkt{az ef iazkrizenftef z`k nwkrxefzkrefh! dìfhkt ef sns{aizenf hrnxz` rizkt! efdrkitkt ef z`k f{lbkr nghkfkrizenft skr tkitnf! kpzkftenf ng z`k jkwkanslkfz tkitnf! dìfhkt ef drns,sktztufd`rnfu! dìfhkt ef efzkrtskdeged efzkridzenft ifj efdrkitkj retm ng efwitenf bu lehrizefh


11/28

Daelizk Dìfhk Elsidzt nf Dkd` Ihred{az{rk 279

sktzt Snrzkr kz ia&! 9559%& If efdrkitk ef z`k f{lbkr ng hkfkrizenft skr tkitnf lkift ifefdrkitk ef z`k f{lbkr ng rksrnj{dzewk kwkfzt skr ukir& Eg z`k lnrziaezu skr hkfkrizenf jnktfnz dìfhk! z`kf z`k sns{aizenf ng z`krlnsèak eftkdzt xeaa snzkfzeiaau bkdnlk airhkr {fjkrhanbia xirlefh Uilil{ri ' Unmnixi! 2332%& Zèt dn{aj saiu if elsnrzifz rnak ef z`k

ditk ng l{azewnazefk tskdekt Snaairj ' Uizkt! 9554%& I èh`kr t{rwewia rizk j{refh z`knwkrxefzkrefh skrenj dn{aj rkt{az ef if efdrkitk ef z`k nwkrxefzkrefh sns{aizenf ifjdnftky{kfzau i hrkizkr ib{fjifdk ng eftkdzt nf drnst ef z`k t{llkr& Iz z`k tilk zelk! z`kefdrkitefh zklskriz{rk dn{aj srnbibau t{ssnrz if kiraekr jeisi{tkt zkrlefizenf ngnwkrxefzkrefh tskdekt xèd` xeaa dnftky{kfzau isskir kiraekr& Zèt xeaa efga{kfdk z`kefzkftezu ng drnseftkdz efzkridzenft Uilil{ri ' Unmnixi! 2332%&Gnaanxefh ditk tz{ju ktzelizkt z`k elsidz ng daelizk dìfhk nf zxn sktzt? z`k Dnanrijnsnzizn bkkzak Akszefnzirti jkdklaefkizi Tiu% ifj z`k K{rnskif dnrf bnrkr Ntzrefei f{beaiaet@bfkr%& Iddnrjefh zn @irk 9553%! A& jkdklaefkizi et nfk ng z`k lntz elsnrzifz eftkdz sktztng snzizn drnst irn{fj z`k xnraj= ez et srktkfz ifj xejktsrkij ef z`k dn{fzrekt dnwkrkj ef

z`k srktkfz tz{ju K{rnskif ifj Lkjezkrrifkif Saifz Srnzkdzenf Nrhifeizenf `krkigzkrKSSN% 2338%& Z`k ndd{rrkfdk ng N& f{beaiaet idrntt tnlk ng z`k rkhenft ef z`k srktkfz tz{juìt iatn bkkf rkdnrjkj bu z`k KSSN 2338%& Z`ktk zxn tskdekt irk kpskdzkj zn hief fkxzkrreznru ifj akij zn if efdrkitk ef efgktzizenf srktt{rk {fjkr daelizk dìfhk bkdi{tk z`kert{rwewia et dantkau rkaizkj zn daelizk dnfjezenft ifj! ef sirzed{air! zklskriz{rk&

:&9 Lnjkaaefh it z`k ktzelizenf lkz`nj ng daelizk dìfhk elsidz nf z`k sktztjetzreb{zenfLnjkaaefh z`k aegk tzihkt ng eftkdz tskdekt et lntz ngzkf jnfk {tefh idd{l{aizkj jkhrkk,jiut! xèak tndiaakj daelizk lizdèfh et i dnllnf lnjkaaefh znna gnr ktzelizefh z`k elsidz

ng daelizk dìfhk nf z`k kpzkftenf ng z`k rifhk ng i tskdekt& Daelizk lizdèfh ejkfzegektandizenft d{rrkfzau fnz efwijkj zìz dn{aj bk dnanfekj bu i snzkfzeia efwitewk tskdekt nfz`k bitet ng teleairezu zn daelizkt gn{fj ef z`k tskdekt fizewk rifhk Rnjji kz ia&! 2338%&Tkwkria lnjkat zìz bkanfh zn z`k hrn{s ng daelizk lizdèfh znnat ìwk bkkf jkwkanskj ifjissaekj ef z`k sitz& Gnr kpilsak! BENDAEL Fep! 9507% et i hkfkria lnjka gnr z`k ittkttlkfzng z`k giwn{ribeaezu ng i hewkf daelizk gnr z`k ndd{rrkfdk ng i tskdekt& @IBEZIZ et i lnjkagnr z`k ifiautet ng z`k kfwernflkfzia dnfjezenft rkaizkj zn z`k jetzreb{zenf ng saifzt ifjifeliat Xiamkr ' Dndmt! 9559%& JNLIEF et i gakpebak znna gnr z`k lnjkaaefh ng z`ksnzkfzeia jetzreb{zenf ng saifzt ifj ifeliat Dirskfzkr kz ia&! 9554%& IFF ifj TSKDEKT irk{tkj gnr z`k ktzelizenf ng z`k elsidz ng daelizk dìfhk nf saifz tskdekt ef z`k [M Bkrru kzia&! 2332= Skirtnf kz ia&! 2332! 233:%& Z`k ittkttlkfz ng daelizk giwn{ribeaezu gnr {fewnazefk

ifj bewnazefk sns{aizenf ng z`k K{rnskif dnrf bnrkr et skrgnrlkj bu KDILNF Zrfmi kzia&! 2338%& Rhferk ' Tìrnw 9550% {tkj z`k tzndìtzed hkfkriznr BenTEL ef z`k lnjka ng z`khknhrisèdia jetzreb{zenf ng z`k hustu lnz` zn nbzief z`k jieau zklskriz{rk jizi Rhferkkz ia&! 955;%&Lkdìfetlt bu xèd` daelizk dnfjezenft iggkdz z`k jkwkanslkfz ng i tskdekt dif iatn bkifiautkj xez` z`k DAELKP tngzxirk znna& DAELKP et i xnraj rkfnxfkj tngzxirk zìz ìtrkdkfzau bkkf issaekj ef wiren{t tdekfzeged tz{jekt dnftejkrefh z`k snzkfzeia jetzreb{zenf ifjtsrkij ng ifelia nr saifz tskdekt T{z`krtz! 2333i! b= Bkaa ' Xeaan{h`bu! 2334= Mrezednt kz ia&!2334= Andmkzz ' Sialkr! 2334= Skzùbrejhk kz ia&! 2334= Rigntt ' Tz`rk! 2334= _ia{dme 'G{ranfh! 233;= Nagkrz ' Xkett! 2337! ilnfh lifu nz`krt%&


12/28


:&2 Snzkfzeia jetzreb{zenf ng Dnanrijn snzizn bkkzak ifj K{rnskif dnrf bnrkr (ditktz{ju%Z`k daelizk,lizdèfh tngzxirk srnhril DAELKP ktzelizkt z`k hknhrisèdia jetzreb{zenf ngi tskdekt bitkj nf z`k daelizk dnfjezenft ng i hewkf andizenf& DAELKP et bitkj nf z`k

itt{lszenf zìz eg un{ mfnx x`krk i tskdekt aewkt un{ dif efgkr xìz daelized dnfjezenft ezdif znakrizk T{z`krtz kz ia&! 2333i%& Z`k DAELKP lnjka et jktehfkj zn kpzridz lipel{lefgnrlizenf n{z ng lefelia gekaj jizi nf z`k rktsnftk ng i tskdekt zn daelizk& Ez jkrewktxkkmau ifj iff{ia efjedkt zìz jktdrebk z`k rktsnftkt ng i fnlefizkj tskdekt znzklskriz{rk ifj lnetz{rk! ifj! ef z`k ditk ng saifzt! aeh`z T{z`krtz! 2334%& Mfnxefh z`kdaeliznanhedia rky{erklkfzt ng i hewkf tskdekt iaanxt {t zn ittktt z`k t{ezibeaezu ng isirzed{air irki gnr sns{aizenf hrnxz` ifj zn jkzkrlefk z`k tzrktt efj{dkj bu {ft{ezibakdaelizk dnfjezenft& Z`ktk irk kpsrkttkj ef zkrlt ng z`k kdndaelized efjkp KE%! xèd`jktdrebkt z`k nwkriaa t{ezibeaezu ng daelizk dnfjezenft gnr z`k ktzibaet`lkfz ifj anfh,zkrlsrktkfdk ng i sktz sns{aizenf iz i hewkf andizenf?

KE < HEI TE TP 0%

x`krk HEI et z`k iff{ia hrnxz` efjkp jktdrebefh sns{aizenf hrnxz` {fjkr giwn{ribakdnfjezenft! TE et z`k iff{ia tzrktt efjkp jktdrebefh t{rwewia j{refh {fgiwn{ribak skrenjt!ifj TP rksrktkfzt tzrktt efzkridzenft& Z`k diad{aizenf ng HEI ifj tzrktt efjedkt et bitkj nfz`k rifhkt ng z`rkt`naj sirilkzkrt gnr tskdekt jkwkanslkfz ijo{tzkj bu z`k {tkr Zibak 9%&Zklskriz{rk sirilkzkrt efda{jk z`k anxkr ifj {sskr z`rkt`najt ifj nszelia rifhk ng ierzklskriz{rk gnr jkwkanslkfz! ifj teleair sirilkzkrt irk {tkj gnr tnea lnetz{rk& Ef z`ksrktkfz tz{ju! tnea lnetz{rk z`rkt`najt xkrk tkz zn wia{kt rksrktkfzefh z`k nszelia lnetz{rkdnfjezenft gnr z`k sktz tskdekt jkwkanslkfz& Ef z`k lnjka wiaejizenf srndkj{rk! xk gn{fjzìz zèt issrnid` xit lntz issrnsreizk bkdi{tk ez srkwkfzkj z`k efdnrrkdz ktzelizenf ngèh` jru.xkz tzrktt! xèd` xn{aj di{tk if {fjkteribak jkdrkitk ef KE& Ef ijjezenf znzklskriz{rk ifj lnetz{rk aelezizenft! DAELKP iatn zimkt efzn iddn{fz z`k srndktt ngjeisi{tk! xèd` et jrewkf bu zklskriz{rk efezeizenf ifj zkrlefizenf zklskriz{rk% ifj jiu,akfhz` z`rkt`najt& Z`k f{lbkr ng hkfkrizenft et diad{aizkj bitkj nf z`k f{lbkr ng jkhrkk,jiut ibnwk z`k anxkr zklskriz{rk z`rkt`naj skr hkfkrizenf& Hkfkriaau KE rifhkt grnl 3 zn933! x`krk KE < 3 efjedizkt daelizk dnfjezenft {fgiwn{ribak gnr anfh,zkrl tskdekt ndd{rrkfdkifj KE 6 43 rksrktkfzt wkru t{ezibak daelizk dnfjezenft gnr tskdekt ndd{rrkfdk T{z`krtz 'Liuxiaj! 950;= T{z`krtz kz ia&! 2339%& @njjak 233:% dnftejkrt andizenft xez` KE 6 2; it wkrugiwn{ribak gnr tskdekt ndd{rrkfdk! 93 1 KE 1 2; it giwn{ribak! ifj KE 1 93 it aelezefh gnrtskdekt t{rwewia ifj ndd{rrkfdk& DAELKP lnjkat {tk efs{z jizi nf i lnfzàu tdiak

lefel{l ifj lipel{l zklskriz{rk! rkaizewk `{lejezu iz 35?33 ifj 9;?33 `! ifjsrkdesezizenf%! xèd` irk rkijeau iwieaibak&Lnjka wiaejizenf xit dirrekj n{z bu dnlsirefh z`k lnjkaakj rifhk ng i sirzed{air sktz znz`k d{rrkfz irki ng ndd{rrkfdk nbziefkj grnl gekaj nbtkrwizenft gnr z`k skrenj grnl 9579 zn9553 xkiz`kr tkrekt srksirkj bu i xkiz`kr hkfkriznr! J{brnwtm kz ia&! 2333! 233:%& Ef z`ksrktkfz tz{ju! z`k DAELKP lnjkat xkrk gertz wiaejizkj {tefh nbtkrwkj ndd{rrkfdk jizi gnrKDB ifj DSB ef z`k Dkd` Rks{baed& Z`k wiaejizkj lnjka xit issaekj xezèf z`k jnlief ngz`k rkhenfia daelizk lnjka RDL% IAIJEF! xèd` dnwkrt z`k Dkfzria K{rnskif irkibkzxkkf :; ifj ;9&;F ifj 0 ifj 28K ifj efda{jkt I{tzrei! z`k Dkd` Rks{baed!@{fhiru! Snaifj! ifj sirzt ng Hkrlifu! Rnlifei! Tanwimei! Txezkraifj! ifj [mriefk!


13/28


Tanwkfei ifj fnrz`krf sirzt ng Tkrbei! sirzt ng Drnizei ifj fnrz`krf Eziau& Z`k IAIJEFlnjka xit r{f iz i rktna{zenf ng 93 ml nwkr z`k x`nak jnlief ifj z`k gefia list xkrkefzkrsnaizkj zn 9 ml rktna{zenf {tefh i jehezia zkrrief lnjka& Z`k efs{z xkiz`kr tkrekt gnrz`k DAELKP lnjka xit srksirkj bu i xkiz`kr hkfkriznr J{brnwtm kz ia&! 2333! 233:%!

xèd` xit diaebrizkj xez` z`k RDL,tel{aizkj xkiz`kr tkrekt gnr z`k skrenj ng 957953%& Znhkfkrizk xkiz`kr tkrekt rksrktkfzefh snttebak daelizk dnfjezenft ef 23;3! z`k XH sirilkzkrtxkrk lnjegekj iddnrjefh zn daelizk dìfhk tdkfirent J{brnwtm kz ia&! 233;% lnrk jkzieakjjktdreszenf ef Mndlfmnw kz ia&! 2399%&

Jkwkanslkfz z`rkt`najt DSB KDB

Anxkr zklskriz{rk z`rkt`naj D% 92 93

Nszel{l rifhk ng zklskriz{rkt D% 9; 20 90 20

@eh`kr zklskriz{rk z`rkt`naj D% 44 40

Jeisi{tk efj{dzenf zklskriz{rk D% 94 92

Jeisi{tk efj{dzenf jiuakfhz` `% 93 93

Jeisi{tk zkrlefizenf zklskriz{rk D% 94&; 9:&;

Jkhrkk,jiut skr hkfkrizenf :33 827

Zibak 9& Sirilkzkrt ng z`k DAELKP lnjka gnr z`k jkwkanslkfz ng Dnanrijn snzizn bkkzakDSB% ifj K{rnskif dnrf bnrkr KDB%

:&2&9 Dnanrijn snzizn bkkzakt (A& jkdklaefkizi% hknhrisèdia jetzreb{zenf

Z`k d{rrkfz daelizk dnfjezenft ef z`k K{rnskif rkhenf iaanx gnr z`k ndd{rrkfdk ng nfk zngn{r sktz hkfkrizenft& Gn{r hkfkrizenft d{rrkfzau ndd{r ef i tliaa irki ef z`k fnrz` ng EziauGeh& 5%! xèak nfau nfk hkfkrizenf et gn{fj ef z`k fnrz`krf ifj kitzkrf sirz ng z`k rkhenf!liefau ef Snaifj ifj [mriefk& Sns{aizenft ef z`k anxaifjt ng Hkrlifu! z`k Dkd` Rks{baedifj Tanwimei dif srnj{dk i sirzeia tkdnfj hkfkrizenf& Z`k lief irkit xez` z`k daelizkdnfjezenft t{ezibak gnr z`k jkwkanslkfz ng z`rkk hkfkrizenft efda{jk @{fhiru! fnrz`krfsirzt ng Tkrbei! Drnizei! Eziau ifj z`k kitzkrf sirz ng Rnlifei&Ef iazez{jkt èh`kr zìf 733 l i&t&a! z`k f{lbkr ng jkhrkk,jiut gnr z`k dnlsakzenf ng nfkhkfkrizenf ng z`k sktz et fnz rkid`kj! xèd` limkt z`ktk irkit {fgiwn{ribak gnr z`kjkwkanslkfz ifj t{rwewia ng i weibak sktz sns{aizenf&Z`k rkt{azt ng z`k tel{aizenft gnr z`k kpskdzkj daelizk tdkfirent t`nx if issirkfz xejkfefhng z`k sktzt daelized fed`k ifj if efdrkitk ef z`k f{lbkr ng hkfkrizenft skr ukir bitkj nfz`k zklskriz{rk efdrkitk srkjedzkj bu wiren{t tdkfirent& Geh& 93 t`nxt z`k dìfhk ef z`kf{lbkr ng A& jkdklaefkizi hkfkrizenft iddnrjefh zn z`k @ijDL,èh` tdkfiren ef 23;3& Ef zèttdkfiren! z`krk et if efdrkitk ng ibn{z nfk hkfkrizenf skr ukir ef z`k fnrz`krf sirz ng K{rnsk{s zn if iazez{jk ng 033 l i&t&a& Ef ijjezenf! z`krk et i lirmkj efdrkitk ng ibn{z zxn


14/28

Daelizk Dìfhk Tndenkdnfnled Kggkdzt27:

hkfkrizenft skr ukir ef z`k anxaifjt! xez` i tehfegedifz ndd{rrkfdk ng z`rkk hkfkrizenft skrukir& Ef dnfzritz! i lirmkj jkdrkitk ef z`k daelizk dnfjezenft giwn{ribak gnr A& jkdklaefkizijkwkanslkfz {fjkr KD@IL,èh` et tel{aizkj ef fnrz`krf Tkrbei Wnownjefi rkhenf%!x`krk z`k tehfegedifz zklskriz{rk efdrkitk! iddnrjefh zn zèt tdkfiren! di{tkt z`k èh`,

zklskriz{rk aelezizenf gnr z`k sktzt jkwkanslkfz ifj t{btky{kfz jkdrkitk ng ibn{z nfkhkfkrizenf skr ukir& I teleair zrkfj ef z`k efdrkitk ng z`k èh` zklskriz{rk aelezizenf et iatntkkf ef z`k FDIR,SDL,èh` ifj @ijDL,èh` tdkfirent! xèd` t`nx iaa ng @{fhiru!Drnizei ifj z`k fnrz` ng Eziau ìwefh i jkdrkitk ef z`k f{lbkr ng hkfkrizenft skr ukir&Jkziea geh{rkt jksedzefh rkt{azt ng KD@IL,èh` ifj FDIR,SDL,èh` tdkfirent tkk efMndlfmnw kz ia&! 2399%&

Geh& 5& Snzkfzeia hknhrisèdia jetzreb{zenf ng z`k Dnanrijn snzizn bkkzak A& jkdklaefkizi% efd{rrkfz daelizk dnfjezenft kpsrkttkj bu lkzknrnanhedia jizi bkzxkkf 9579 ifj 2333& Z`kukaanx hrku dnan{r KE 24&527&5% rksrktkfzt z`k irki ndd{sekj bu gertz hkfkrizenf ng z`k sktz!nrifhk KE 27&542&5% et z`k tkdnfj hkfkrizenf! rkj KE 42&540&5% zèrj hkfkrizenf ifj jirmrkj KE640&5% efjedizkt z`k gn{rz` hkfkrizenf& Ibbrkweizenft? J! Hkrlifu! D_! Dkd`Rks{baed! SA! Snaifj! [I! [mriefk! TM! Tanwimei! Lnajnwi! BU! Bkair{t! R! Rnlifei! @!@{fhiru! I! I{tzrei! D@! Txezkraifj! G! Grifdk! E! Eziau! TAN! Tanwkfei! @R! Drnizei! BE@!Bntfei ifj @krkhnwefi! TRB! Tkrbei&


15/28

Daelizk Dìfhk Elsidzt nf Dkd` Ihred{az{rk 27;

Geh& 93& Snzkfzeia hknhrisèdia jetzreb{zenf ng z`k Dnanrijn snzizn bkkzak A& jkdklaefkizi% efz`k kpskdzkj daelizk dnfjezenft kpsrkttkj bu lkzknrnanhedia jizi iddnrjefh zn z`k @ijDL,

èh` tdkfiren ef 23;3& Hrku irkit rksrktkfz z`k irki xez`n{z if ndd{rrkfdk ng z`k sktz j{k znz`k efdnlsakzk gertz hkfkrizenf! ba{k irkit t`nx i rkdnrjkj jkdrkitk ef KE! e&k&! z`k tègz znaktt giwn{ribak daelizk dnfjezenft gnr z`k sktz jkwkanslkfz! xèzk dnan{r lirmt z`k irkitxez`n{z ifu dìfhk ifj z`k dnan{r tdiak ukaanx zn nrifhk% snefzt z`k efdrkitk ef z`kf{lbkr ng sirzed{air hkfkrizenft& Ibbrkweizenft it ef Geh& 5&

:&2&2 K{rnskif dnrf bnrkrt (N& f{beaiaet% hknhrisèdia jetzreb{zenfEf z`k K{rnskif rkhenf kpilefkj ef z`k srktkfz tz{ju! z`k lnjka efjedizkt z`k srktkfdk ngnfk nr zxn hkfkrizenft skr ukir ng N& f{beaiaet {fjkr z`k rkgkrkfdk daelizk dnfjezenft 957353%& I èh`kr f{lbkr ng hkfkrizenft irk gn{fj ef z`k tn{z`krf sirz ng z`k jnlief! ef irkitlnrk daelizediaau giwn{ribak gnr z`k jkwkanslkfz ng N& f{beaiaet @{fhiru! z`k fnrz`krf sirz

ng Drnizei! Tkrbei ifj Eziau ifj z`k kitzkrf sirz ng Rnlifei% Geh& 99%& [fjkr g{z{rk daelizkdnfjezenft! xez` z`ker kpskdzkj zklskriz{rk efdrkitk ifj srnanfhkj wkhkzizewk tkitnf! z`kxejkfefh ng z`k irki ng {fewnazefk sns{aizenf et tel{aizkj& Irkit ndd{sekj bu z`k{fewnazefk sns{aizenf irk aemkau zn bk rksaidkj bu i bewnazefk sns{aizenf! xèd` nfau taeh`zaukpdkkjt z`k nrehefia irkia ng {fewnazefk nfk& Iz z`k tilk zelk! z`k klkrhkfdk ng bewnazefksns{aizenft ifj i g{rz`kr efdrkitk zn i zèrj hkfkrizenf skr ukir ef z`k xirlktz irkit etefjedizkj& Geh& 92 jksedzt z`k kpskdzkj dìfhk ef z`k f{lbkr ng hkfkrizenft iddnrjefh zn z`k@ijDL,èh` tdkfiren ef z`k 23;3t& Ez dakirau t`nxt zìz z`k sktz xn{aj! gnr kpilsak!dnanfek irkit rkdkfzau {fndd{sekj bu z`k {fewnazefk sns{aizenf! {s srktkfzau& @ijDL,èh` srkt{lkt i srkwieaefh efdrkitk ng ibn{z nfk hkfkrizenf! xèd` xeaa srnbibau rkt{az efz`k srktkfdk ng i zèrj hkfkrizenf ef z`k kitzkrf sirz ng I{tzrei! z`k fnrz` ng Eziau ifj z`k


16/28


xktzkrf sirz ng Hkrlifu Rèfk wiaaku%! x`krk z`krk irk d{rrkfzau zxn hkfkrizenft skrtkitnf& Z`k FDIR,èh` daelizk tkftezewezu tdkfiren tkk ef Mndlfmnw kz ia&! 2399%itt{lkt i xejkr tsrkij! dnwkrefh i lionr sirz ng @{fhiru! Drnizei ifj z`k x`naktel{aizkj sirz ng Eziau&

[fjkr z`k kpskdzkj g{z{rk daelizk dnfjezenft ef Dkfzria ifj Kitzkrf K{rnsk! it kpsrkttkjbu tkakdzkj daelizk dìfhk tdkfirent! drns jilihk bu bnz` z`k Dnanrijn snzizn bkkzak A&jkdklaefkizi% ifj K{rnskif dnrf bnrkr N& f{beaiaet% et aemkau zn efdrkitk& Z`k efdrkitk efzklskriz{rk xeaa rkandizk z`k sktzt jkwkanslkfz aelezizenft ifj kfibak z`k sktzt zn dnanfekèh`kr iazez{jkt! z`{t xejkfefh z`k irki nwkr xèd` z`ku ndd{r& Ef z`k ditk ng A& jkdklaefkizi!z`krk xeaa srnbibau bk i jkdrkitk ef z`k f{lbkr ng hkfkrizenft skr ukir ef z`k xirlktzirkit! j{k zn z`k aelezizenft ng èh` zklskriz{rk! xèd` fkhizewkau efga{kfdk z`k sktzsns{aizenf&Z`k lkz`nj srktkfzkj `krk saiut if elsnrzifz rnak ef ktzelizefh tskdekt ndd{rrkfdkjkskfjefh nf z`ker daelizk rky{erklkfzt! b{z z`k lkz`nj et aelezkj bu ezt aidm ng gekaj, nrsns{aizenf,akwka efzkridzenft& Daelized lissefh liu z`krkgnrk bk i wkru {tkg{a znna ef sktz

retm ifiautkt {fjkr dìfhefh daelizk bkdi{tk ez iaanxt {t zn ktzelizk z`k retm ngefzrnj{dzenf! dnanfetizenf! ifj tsrkij ng wiren{t sktz tskdekt ifj z`ker kdnfnled elsidzt&@nxkwkr! z`k srktkfz ditk tz{ju iatn jklnftzrizkt! {tefh zxn sktz tskdekt it kpilsakt! zìzifu anfh,zkrl sktz retm ifiautet l{tz zimk daelizk dìfhk efzn iddn{fz bkdi{tk ng z`ksnttebak dìfhkt ef daelized fed`kt&

Geh& 99& Snzkfzeia hknhrisèdia jetzreb{zenf ng z`k K{rnskif dnrf bnrkr N& f{beaiaet% efd{rrkfz daelizk dnfjezenft kpsrkttkj bu lkzknrnanhedia jizi ng z`k skrenj 95792333& UkaanxKE 23&549&5% dnrrktsnfjt zn gertz hkfkrizenf! rkj KE 49&545&5% z`k tkdnfj hkfkrizenf ifjjirm rkj KE645&5% rksrktkfzt zèrj hkfkrizenf ng z`k sktz& Ibbrkweizenft it ef Geh& 5&


17/28


Geh& 92& Snzkfzeia hknhrisèdia jetzreb{zenf ng z`k K{rnskif dnrf bnrkr N& f{beaiaet% ef z`kdaelizk dnfjezenft iddnrjefh zn z`k @ijDL,èh` tdkfiren ef 23;3& Hrku irkit efjedizk i aidmng ndd{rrkfdk ng z`k sktz j{k zn if efdnlsakzk gertz hkfkrizenf! ba{k irkit rksrktkfz ijkdrkitk ng KE! e&k&! z`k tègz zn aktt giwn{ribak daelizk dnfjezenft gnr z`k sktzt jkwkanslkfz!xèzk dnan{r lirmt z`k irkit xez`n{z ifu dìfhk ifj z`k dnan{r tdiak snefzt z`k efdrkitk efz`k f{lbkr ng sirzed{air hkfkrizenft& Ibbrkweizenft it ef Geh& 5&

;& Ktzelizenf ng kggkdzt ng daelizk dìfhk nf ihrndaelized dnfjezenft

Ihrndaelized efjedkt izzklsz zn jktdrebk dnlsakp rkaizenft kpetzefh bkzxkkf daelizk ifjdrnst z`ker jkwkanslkfz ifj.nr srnj{dzenf% it xkaa it z`k ihrntutzklt it i x`nakNraifjefe kz ia&! 2330%& Ef nrjkr zn jktdrebk ihrndaelized dnfjezenft! i znzia ng fefkihrndaelized efjediznrt xkrk tkakdzkj& Z`k hnia xit zn {tk i tkz ng mku efjedkt zìz xn{aj bkrkakwifz gnr wiren{t itskdzt ng drns srnj{dzenf ifj dnlsaklkfz nz`kr znnat k&h& srndktt,bitkj drns lnjkat%&Z`k tkakdzkj efjediznrt efda{jk? (i% t{l ng kggkdzewk hanbia rijeizenf! (b,d% xizkr biaifdkj{refh z`k daeliznanhedia tsrefh Lird`,Liu% ifj t{llkr O{fk,I{h{tz%! (j% z`krliadnfjezenft it i srnpu jkzkrlefh t{ezibak irkit gnr srnj{defh sirzed{air xefk wirekzekt bitkjnf z`k @{haef efjkp ifj (k% dnfjezenft j{refh xefzkr ef sirzed{air f{lbkr ng jiut xez`tfnx dnwkr ifj (g% f{lbkr ng jiut xez` snzkfzeia gnr tkwkrk grntz jilihk&Iaa ihrnlkzknrnanhedia sirilkzkrt jktdrebkj ibnwk xkrk diad{aizkj xez` i tngzxirksidmihk! IhreDael Zrfmi kz ia&! 2399%& Z`k tngzxirk {tkt jieau efs{zt ng hanbia rijeizenf!lipel{l ifj lefel{l zklskriz{rkt! srkdesezizenf! ier xizkr wisnr srktt{rk ifj lkifjieau xefj tskkj zn diad{aizk i x`nak rifhk ng efjedkt it srktkfzkj& X`kf diad{aizefh idz{ia


18/28


tnea xizkr dnfzkfz! xk itt{lkj `nlnhkfn{t tnea dnfjezenft ifj i tnea xizkr,`najefhdisidezu ng 23 ll ef z`k zns 3&9 l zn ktzelizk z`k f{lbkr ng jiut t{ezibak gnr tnxefh ifjìrwktz nskrizenft& Z`k tnea srngeak fkdkttiru gnr diad{aizefh kggkdzewk hanbia rijeizenf ifjsrnsnrzenf ng tnxefh.ìrwktz t{ezibak jiut itt{lkj lipel{l rnnzefh jksz` ng 9&4 l ifj

tnea xizkr najefh disidezu ng 283 ll&Zn iaanx hrej,zn,hrej dnlsiribeaezu! z`k tilk tnea srngeak xit {tkj iz iaa tezkt& Xèakdiad{aizefh kwisnzriftserizenf! if ijo{tzlkfz gnr z`k efdrkitkj DN2 dnfdkfzrizenf xitiaxiut lijk {tefh z`k lkz`nj srnsntkj bu Mr{eoz kz ia& 2330%! ifj z`k DN2 ilbekfz ierdnfdkfzrizenf gnr z`k zelk `nrenf ng z`k tz{ju e&k& 23;3% xit tkz iz ;47 ssl xez` z`kbitkaefk diad{aizenft tkz iz 473 ssl& It z`k rkgkrkfdk t{rgidk et jkgefkj it tsrefh D4 drns!iddn{fzefh gnr z`k DN2 kggkdz rkt{azkj ef i dnftejkribak jkdrkitk ef rkgkrkfdkkwisnfzriftserizenf rizkt dnlsirkj zn r{ft fnz dnftejkrefh efdrkitk ef z`k DN2 akwkat& Z`kx`nak tkz ng ihrndaelized efjediznrt xkrk diad{aizkj gnr iaa 55 ukirt ef kid` hrej gnr z`k`nrenf ng 23;3& Ef lntz ditkt! z`k lkjeif wia{k ng z`k sirilkzkr xit ifiaukj it xkaa itz`k ;z` ifj 5;z` skrdkfzeak ef nrjkr zn jkzkrlefk 23,ukir kpzrklkt ng z`k hewkf ihrndaelized

efjkp& Z`k wia{kt ef z`k 93 p 93 ml hrejt xkrk rk,hrejjkj iz 9p9 ml rktna{zenf {tefh dn,mrehefh zkd`fey{kt xez` iazez{jk {tkj it if ijjezenfia sirilkzkr&

Kggkdzewk hanbia rijeizenf gnr drns hrnxz`

Z`k t{l ng z`k kggkdzewk hanbia rijeizenf xit diad{aizkj it z`k t{l ng hanbia rijeizenfj{refh z`k skrenj xez` lkif ier zklskriz{rk dnfzef{n{tau ibnwk ;D ifj xez`n{z tfnxdnwkr nr grntz ndd{rrkfdk% ifj xez` t{ggedekfz tnea xizkr iwieaibak gnr kwisnzriftserizenf

Geh& 94& T{l ng kggkdzewk hanbia rijeizenf ef Dkfzria,Kitzkrf K{rnsk gnr i% bitkaefk 9579,9553% ifj gnr efdrkitk ng hanbia lkif zklskriz{rk bu 2&4D xez` z`rkk tzifjirjekjtdkfirent bitkj nf @ijDL! KD@IL ifj FDIR hanbia daelizk lnjkat b,j%&


19/28


rizen bkzxkkf z`k idz{ia ifj snzkfzeia kwisnzriftserizenf ìj zn bk ibnwk 3&:%& Z`kzklskriz{rk z`rkt`najt {tkj gnaanxkj t{hhktzenft bu Brnxf 9587%! D`lekakxtmu ifjM`f 2333%! Lezd`kaa ' @{alk 2332%! ifj Aird`kr 2334%& Z`k jerkdz kggkdz ng jrn{h`z tzrkttnf drns hrnxz` et ngzkf kpsrkttkj it z`k rizen bkzxkkf idz{ia ifj snzkfzeia zriftserizenf

wif Ezzkrt{l kz ia&! 2334%& @nxkwkr! ef tez{izenft x`krk kwisnrizenf grnl tnea et fnz i airhkdnlsnfkfz! z`k {tk ng kwisnzriftserizenf wia{kt xeaa srnwejk rkitnfibak rkt{azt& Iddnrjefhzn i f{lbkr ng tz{jekt k&h& Kaeittnf kz ia&! 2338%! hrnxz` ng z`k drns nf i hewkf jiu et fnzdnftejkrkj xizkr aelezkj eg z`k rizen ng jieau idz{ia ifj snzkfzeia kwisnzriftserizenf kpdkkjt3&;& Gnr zèt tz{ju xk jkaebkrizkau d`ntk i anxkr z`rkt`naj 3&:%! zn aelez nwkr,rksnrzefhjrn{h`z bu z`k {tkj efjedkt&Iddnrjefh zn z`k issaekj daelizk tdkfirent z`k iff{ia t{l ng kggkdzewk hanbia rijeizenf xeaaefdrkitk z`rn{h` efdrkitkt ef z`k j{rizenf ng z`k snzkfzeia hrnxefh skrenj e&k& xez` lkifier zklskriz{rkt dnfzef{n{tau ibnwk ;D%& Ijjezenfiaau! z`k kggkdzewk iff{ia hanbiarijeizenf xn{aj bk iggkdzkj ef tnlk ditkt bu z`k efdrkitk ef hanbia rijeizenf it i rkt{az ngjkdrkitkj dan{jefktt ittndeizkj xez` srkdesezizenf jkdrkitkt! ktskdeiaau j{refh z`k t{llkrlnfz`t& Iaz`n{h` z`ktk dìfhkt liu efdrkitk drns srnj{dzenf snzkfzeia z`k jkdrkitk efsrkdesezizenf iatn efdrkitkt z`k srnbibeaezu ng xizkr jkgedez! akijefh zn i anxkr nwkriaa wia{kng zèt mku sirilkzkr& It t`nxf ef Geh& 94i {fjkr srktkfz dnfjezenft z`k tn{z`krf ifjtn{z`,kitzkrf sirzt ng z`k jnlief ìwk z`k èh`ktz wia{kt ng kggkdzewk hanbia rijeizenf!efjedizefh z`k snzkfzeia srnj{dzewezu ng riefgkj ihred{az{rk& Ez et z`k xktzkrf ifj fnrz`krfsirzt ng z`k jnlief zìz xn{aj bkfkgez lntz grnl z`k dìfhkj daelizk dnfjezenft! xezìrkit ef Hkrlifu! Snaifj! sirzt ng I{tzrei! Tanwimei ifj Dkd` Rks{baed t`nxefh t{tziefkjefdrkitk ef z`k wia{kt ng zèt sirilkzkr Geh& 94b,j%& Z`k airhktz jkdrkitkt irk zn bk kpskdzkjxezèf z`k Siffnfei anxaifj! xèd` efda{jkt ialntz iaa ng @{fhiru! fnrz`krf Tkrbei ifjDrnizei it xkaa it sirzt ng tn{z`krf Tanwimei! kitzkrf I{tzrei ifj xktzkrf sirzt ng Rnlifei&

Z`k lntz lirmkj dìfhkt bnz` sntezewk ifj fkhizewk ef rkhirj zn hrnxefh dnfjezenft%xezèf z`k rkhenft irk zn bk kpskdzkj {fjkr @ijDL,jrewkf tdkfirent! xèak z`k FDIR,bitkj rkt{azt efjedizk i l{d` anxkr rizk ng dìfhk& Z`k nwkriaa tsizeia sizzkrf ng z`ktkdìfhkt rklieft z`k tilk rkhirjaktt ng z`k tdkfiren {tkj&

Jrn{h`z efzkftezu

It if efjediznr z`k iwieaibeaezu ng xizkr xit ittkttkj xez` z`k `kas ng daeliznanhedia xizkrbiaifdk e&k& jeggkrkfdk bkzxkkf rkgkrkfdk kwisnzriftserizenf KZr ifj z`k srkdesezizenf%j{refh z`k tsrefh e&k& skrenj grnl Lird` zn Liu LIL% it xkaa it j{refh z`k t{llkr OOI%x`kf zèt jkgedez et {t{iaau z`k èh`ktz&

Z`k tsizeia sizzkrft ng 23,ukir jrn{h`z efzkftezu j{refh tsrefh LIL% ifj t{llkr OOI%lnfz`t irk teleair Geh& 9:i,b% xez` z`k èh`ktz xizkr jkgedez bkefh gn{fj ef Siffnfeifrkhenf ifj anxktz ef z`k Iast ifj ln{fzief rkhenft ef hkfkria& Z`k daelizk dìfhksrktkfzkj `krk bu @ijDL bitkj tdkfiren% t`nxt if efdrkitk ef z`k srktkfz tsizeiahrijekfzt j{refh tsrefh e&k& jru irkit bkdnlk jrekr ifj xkz xkzzkr%! xèak ef t{llkrlnfz`t tehfegedifz dìfhkt irk zn bk kpskdzkj nwkr z`k x`nak rkhenf Geh& 9:d,j%& Z`klihfez{jk ng z`k dìfhkt ìt i tn{z`,kitz hrijekfz! x`krk z`k iribak aifj ef z`k Dkd`Rks{baed xn{aj bk iggkdzkj akitz! ifj @{fhiru ifj Tanwkfei t`nx z`k lntz lirmkjdìfhkt& Nf z`k nz`kr ìfj! ef z`k FDIR tdkfiren i taeh`z kitefh ng z`k 23,ukir jrn{h`zefzkftezu ef z`k Dkd` Rks{baed! I{tzrei! Tanwimei ifj Tanwkfei et t`nxf! akiwefh nfau z`kiribak aifjt ef @{fhiru xnrtk ngg&


20/28


Xefk hrnxefh dnfjezenft

Z`k @{haef efjkp @E% kfibakt jeggkrkfz wezed{az{ria rkhenft zn bk daittegekj ef zkrlt ng z`kt{l ng zklskriz{rkt rky{erkj gnr wefk jkwkanslkfz ifj hrisk reskfefh @{haef! 9580%& Z`k@E wia{k xit diad{aizkj gnr z`k skrenj grnl Isrea 9 {fzea Tkszklbkr 43 {tefh z`k gnaanxefhgnrl{ai?

@E


21/28


lkif wia{k ng @{haef efjkp xn{aj fnz iaanx i skrlifkfz t{ddkttg{a srnj{dzenf ng hrisktidrntt lntz ng z`k jnlief kpdksz ef irkit ktzibaet`kj it xefk hrnxefh rkhenft iarkiju ifjz`ntk wkru hnnj z`krlia dnfjezenft gnr xefk hrnxefh irk zn bk gn{fj ktskdeiaau ef z`ktn{z`kitzkrf sirz ng z`k jnlief& [fjkr z`k dìfhkj daelizk! z`k snzkfzeia xefk hrnxefh

irki xn{aj efdrkitk t{btzifzeiaau! srnwejefh @{haef efjkp wia{kt t{ggedekfz gnr xefksrnj{dzenf idrntt l{d` ng z`k rkhenf xez` z`k kpdkszenf ng ln{fziefn{t irkit `nxkwkr!nz`kr aelezizenft t{d` it tnea dnfjezenft ifj tliaa tdiak andia daelized wireizenft bitkj nfzkrrief kggkdzt t{d` it z`k tansk kggkdzt nf zklskriz{rk nr dnaj ier aimk dnfjezenft irk fnzdnftejkrkj ef zèt tz{ju%& Ez l{tz bk tzrkttkj zìz z`k @{haef efjkp zimkt efzn iddn{fz nfauzklskriz{rk rky{erklkfzt j{refh z`k t{llkr skrenj! xèd` et fnz bu ifu lkift i tnakgidznr iggkdzefh xefk srnj{dzenf& Z`k rkt{azt dakirau t`nx zìz z`k srktkfz xefk hrnxefhrkhenft ef Dkfzria K{rnsk xeaa bk gidkj nwkriaa xez` l{d` xirlkr dnfjezenft! rky{erefh eftnlk ditkt jeggkrkfz d{azewirt zìf z`ntk hrnxf fnxijiut& Z`ku iatn efjedizk zìz z`krk et isrntskdz ng xefk hrnxefh kwkf ef z`k fnrz`krf aizez{jkt x`krk xefk srnj{dzenf et ngg aeleztj{k zn z`k srktkfz daelizk&

Geh& 9;&Wia{k ng @[HAEF efjkp tkrwefh it i srnpu gnr xefk d{azewir t{ezibeaezu ef Dkfzria,Kitzkrf K{rnsk gnr i% bitkaefk 9579,9553% ifj gnr efdrkitk ng hanbia lkif zklskriz{rk bu2&4D xez` z`rkk tzifjirjekj tdkfirent bitkj nf @ijDL! KD@IL ifj FDIR hanbiadaelizk lnjkat b,j%&

Ihrndaelized dnfjezenft j{refh xefzkr

Z`k f{lbkr ng jiut xez` tfnx dnwkr xit ktzelizkj xez` z`k `kas ng TfnxLI[T lnjkaZrfmi kz ia&! 2393% zìz ktzelizkt tfnx dnwkr ibtkfdk.srktkfdk {tefh jieau zklskriz{rk ifjsrkdesezizenf znzia&


22/28


Z`k jiut bkzxkkf Tkszklbkr,Isrea j{refh xèd` lefel{l jieau zklskriz{rk iz 2 l`keh`z% jkdrkitkj bkanx ,93 D ifj z`krk xit fn tfnx dnwkr xkrk kwia{izkj it skrenj xezàemkau grntz jilihk zn gekaj drnst {tefh iatn issrnid` jktdrebkj ef lnrk jkziea bu Zrfmi kzia& 2393%&

Z`k kggkdz ng dìfhkj daelizk nf z`k f{lbkr ng jiut xez` z`k tfnx dnwkr Geh& 97i!d%efjedizkt zìz bu 23;3 lnrk zìf 03+ ng z`k jnlief xeaa ìwk nf iwkrihk tfnx dnwkr nf akttzìf ;3 jiut xèak iz nfk zèrj ng z`k jnlief ez et hnefh zn bk aktt zìf 2; jiut& Z`k rkaizkjretm ng tkwkrk grntz jilihk zn gekaj drnst bu anx zklskriz{rkt aktt zìf ,93D% et aemkau znjkdrkitk Geh& 97b!j% it xkaa idrntt lntz ng z`k jnlief jktsezk z`k rkj{dzenf ng tfnx dnwkrzìz idzt it y{ezk rkaeibak srnzkdzenf ef z`ktk kwkfzt& Nf z`k nz`kr ìfj z`k ndd{rrkfdk ng aizkgrntz ktskdeiaau rijeizenf zusk grntz% et aemkau fnz zn iazkrkj tn tehfegedifzau zìz xeaa sntkjeggkrkfz tnrz ng retm zn gekaj b{z ktskdeiaau zn skrkffeia drnst t{d` it nrdìrjt% zìz xeaazkfj zn tzirz z`ker hrnxefh tkitnf kiraekr ifj it i dnftky{kfdk xeaa antk z`ker grntz znakrifdk&

Geh& 97& i% Lkif f{lbkr ng jiut xez` tfnx dnwkr ef Dkfzria,Kitzkrf K{rnsk gnr bitkaefke&k& skrenj bkzxkkf 9579 ifj 9553 ifj b% kpskdzkj dìfhk gnr efdrkitk ng hanbia lkifzklskriz{rk bu 2&4D xez` @ijDL tzifjirjekj tdkfiren= d% f{lbkr ng jiut xez` èh` retmng grntz jilihk xez` 23,ukir rkz{rf skrenj gnr z`k bitkaefk skrenj ifj j% kpskdzkj dìfhkgnr efdrkitk ng hanbia lkif zklskriz{rk bu 2&4D xez` @ijDL tzifjirjekj tdkfiren

7& Dnfda{tenft

Ez dif bk dnfda{jkj zìz riefgkj ihred{az{rk ef Dkd` Rks{baed it rksrktkfzizewk ng LejjakK{rnsk rkhenf liu gidk èh`kr daelizk,rkaizkj retmt& @nxkwkr! z`k ifiaukj ihrndaelizedefjediznrt xeaa aemkau rklief iz akwkat zìz skrlez iddkszibak uekajt ef lntz ukirt&


23/28


Dnfd{rrkfzau! n{r gefjefht iatn t{hhktz zìz z`k retm ng kpzrklkau {fgiwnribak ukirt!rkt{azefh ef snnr kdnfnled rkz{rft! et aemkau zn efdrkitk ef lifu ukirt& Zèt srnokdzkjefdrkitk ef z`k wireibeaezu ng daelized t{ezibeaezu gnr drns srnj{dzenf et sirzed{airaudìaakfhefh gnr drns lifihklkfz ifj gnr ihred{az{ria snaedu! xèd` ielt zn kft{rk tzibak

gnnj srnj{dzenf ifj weibak dnfjezenft gnr girlkrt& Zèt z`krkgnrk t{hhktzt zìz ihred{az{riasnaedu t`n{aj kfdn{rihk z`k ijnszenf ng bnz` ihrnkdnanhedia zkd`fey{kt ifj ijewkrtegedizenf ng srnj{dzenfZn efdrkitk drns rkteaekfdk zn daelized wireibeaezu it xkaa it z`k elsaklkfzizenf ng wiren{teftzifdk td`klkt k&h& tzrizkhed hrief tzndmt! girlkr jrn{h`z ifj gannj eft{rifdkt% ifjelsrnwklkfzt ef z`k kggedekfdu ng ihred{az{ria xizkr {tk& If ifiautet ng uekaj jkwkanslkfz!ihrnlkzknrnanhedia dnfjezenft ef dnlbefizenf xez` ihrndaelized srnokdzenft {fjkr jeggkrkfzdaelizk,dìfhk tdkfirent idrntt K{rnsk nggkrt z`k snttebeaezu ng t{ssnrzefh kirau jkdetenf,limefh xez` rkhirj zn nssnrz{fezekt ifj retmt& Z`k ifiautet srktkfzkj `krk t`n{aj bkdnfj{dzkj iz rkhenfia ifj andia akwkat zn bkzzkr rkgakdz `nx tskdeged andiaezekt liu bkiggkdzkj&

8& Idmfnxakjhklkfz

Xk hrizkg{aau idmfnxakjhk z`k t{ssnrz ng z`k Rktkird` saif Fn& LTL729;7:053;Benanhedia ifj zkd`fnanhedia itskdzt ng t{tziefibeaezu ng dnfzrnaakj kdntutzklt ifj z`kerijiszibeaezu zn daelizk dìfhk ifj Fizenfia Ihkfdu gnr Ihred{az{ria Rktkird` srnokdz Fn&YE59D3;:! Dkd`Hanbk Dkfzrk gnr Hanbia Daelizk Dìfhk Elsidzt Tz{jekt! Rkh& Fn&D_&9&3;.9&9&33.32&3384! srnokdz MNFZIMZ A@99393 Efzkhrizkj tutzkl gnr jrn{h`zt{rwkeaaifdk%! 8z` GS K[ srnokdz DAELTIWK Daelizk Dìfhk Efzkhrizkj IttkttlkfzLkz`njnanhu gnr Drntt,Tkdznria Ijiszizenf ifj W{afkribeaezu ef K{rns dnfzridz fn&

2::349%! xèd` kaskj zn kpkd{zk z`k srktkfzkj tz{ju&

0& Rkgkrkfdkt

Ieftxnrz`! K& I& ifj Anfh! T& S& 233;%& Xìz ìwk xk akirfkj grnl 9; ukirt ng grkk,ier DN2kfred`lkfz GIDK%> I lkzi,ifiauzed rkwekx ng z`k rktsnftkt ng s`nzntufz`ktet!difnsu srnskrzekt ifj saifz srnj{dzenf zn retefh DN2& Fkx Sùzna&! 97;&4;9482&

Iakpifjrnw! W&! @nnhkfbnnl! H& 2333%& Z`k elsidz ng daelizk wireibeaezu ifj dìfhk nfdrns uekaj ef B{ahirei&Ihred& Gnr& Lkzknrna&! 2333! wna& 93:! 49;,428&

Ilz`nr! O& T&! 2339%& Kggkdzt ng izlnts`kred DN2 dnfdkfzrizenf nf x`kiz uekaj? rkwekx ngrkt{azt grnl kpskrelkfzt {tefh wiren{t issrnid`kt zn dnfzrna DN2 dnfdkfzrizenf&

Gekaj Drnst Rktkird`! 84? 94:&Biak! O&T&! Litzkrt! H&O&! @njmeftnf! E&J&! Ixlidm! D&! Bkklkr! Z&L&! Brnxf! W&M&!B{zzkrgekaj! O&! B{tk! I&! Dn{atnf! O&D&! Girrir! O&! Hnnj! O&K&H&! @irrefhznf! R&!@irzaku! T&! Onfkt! Z&@&! Aefjrnz`! R&A&! Srktt! L&D&! Tullen{jet! E&! Xizz! I&J& ifjXèzzimkr! O&B 2332%? @krbewnru ef hanbia daelizk dìfhk rktkird`? jerkdz kggkdzt ngretefh zklskriz{rk nf eftkdz `krbewnrkt& Hanb Dìfhk Bena 0?997&

Bizzt! H& R&! Lnretnf! O& E&! A! Kaaet! R& @&! @ijaku! S&! X`kkakr! Z& R& 9558%& Kggkdzt ng DN2 ifjzklskriz{rk nf hrnxz` ifj uekaj ng drnst ng xefzkr x`kiz nwkr gn{r tkitnft&K{rnskif On{rfia ng Ihrnfnlu! 8? :4;2&


24/28

Daelizk Dìfhk Tndenkdnfnled Kggkdzt28:

Bkaa! F&A&! Xeaan{h`bu! B&K& 2334%? I rkwekx ng z`k rnak ng srkjiznru lezkt ef z`k benanhediadnfzrna ng A{dkrfk gaki! Tlefz`{r{t werejet A&% Dnaaklbnai? Tlefz`{rejik% ifj z`kersnzkfzeia {tk ef Fkx _kiaifj& Fkx _kia O Ihre Rkt :7?9:99:7&

Bkrfztkf! O&! Skzkrtkf! B& L&! Naktkf! O& K& 2337%& Tel{aizefh zrkfjt ef drns uekaj ifj tnea

dirbnf ef i anfh zkrl kpskrelkfz kggkdzt ng retefh DN2! F jksntezenf ifj elsrnwkjd{azewizenf& Saifz ifj Tnea! 208? 24;2:;&

Bkrru! S&L&! Jixtnf! Z&S&! @irretnf! S&I&! Skirtnf! H& 2332%& Lnjkaaefh snzkfzeia elsidzt ngdaelizk dìfhk nf z`k bendaelized kfwkansk ng tskdekt ef Brezief ifj Erkaifj& HanbiaKdna& Benhknhr&! 99! :;4,:72&

Brnxf! O&I&! T`nrzkfefh ng hrnxefh tkitnf ef z`k [&T& dnrf bkaz! Fiz{rk! 9587%& 273! :23,:29&Dirskfzkr! H&! Heaaetnf! I&F&! Xefzkr! O& I! 9554%& Gakpebak lnjkaaefh srndkj{rk gnr

lissefh snzkfzeia jetzreb{zenft ng saifzt ifj ifeliat& Benjewkrt& Dnftkrw&! 2! 778,703&

J{brnwtm L&! B{d`zkak O&! ia{j _& 233:%& @eh`,Grky{kfdu ifj Anx,Grky{kfdu Wireibeaezuef Tzndìtzed Jieau Xkiz`kr Hkfkriznr ifj Ezt Kggkdz nf Ihred{az{ria ifj@ujrnanhed Lnjkaaefh& Daelized Dìfhk 74 Fn&9,2%! 9:;,985&

J{brnwtm L&! Fklknw E&! Miawnw O&! 233;%& [fdkrziefzekt ef daelizk dìfhk tdkfirent gnrz`k Dkd` Rks{baed& Daelizk Rktkird` 25! 945,9;7&

J{brnwtm L&! ia{j _&! itzf L& 2333%? Tkftezewezu ng DKRKT,Liek uekajt zn tzizetzediatzr{dz{rk ng jieau xkiz`kr tkrekt& Daelized Dìfhk :7! ::8, :82&

J{brnwtm! L& Twnbnji! L& Zrfmi! L& @iukt! L& Xeaèzk! J& ia{j! _& @aiwefmi! S& 2335%&Issaedizenf ng Rkaizewk Jrn{h`z Efjedkt zn Ittktt Daelizk Dìfhk Elsidz nfJrn{h`z Dnfjezenft ef Dkdèi& Z`knrkzedia ifj Issaekj Daeliznanhu& && 57!& 9,2! 9;;,,989&

J{brnwtm! L& 9558%& Drkizefh Jieau Xkiz`kr Tkrekt Xez` [tk ng z`k Xkiz`kr Hkfkriznr&

Kfwernflkzredt&! 0? :35:2:&Kezefhkr! O&! Zrfmi! L&! @td`! O&! ia{j _&! J{brnwtm! L& 233:%& Dnlsiretnf ng DKRKT!XNGNTZ ifj TXIS lnjkat ef tel{aizefh tnea xizkr dnfzkfz j{refh hrnxefhtkitnf {fjkr jeggkrkfz tnea dnfjezenft& Kdnanhedia Lnjkaaefh 989? 2242:7&

Kaeittnf I&! Zkrrkt O&L&! Bilst D& Kjt%! 2338%& Dnllnf Bensùtedia Drezkrei gnr JkgefefhIrkit xèd` irk Aktt Giwn{ribak gnr Ihred{az{rk ef K{rnsk! Srndkkjefht grnl z`kKpskrz Lkkzefh 95,23z` ng Isrea! 2338 Z`k Eftzez{zk gnr Kfwernflkfz ifjT{tziefibeaezu Onefz Rktkird` Dkfzrk! Etsri Eziau%! s& 54

KSSN K{rnskif ifj Lkjezkrrifkif Saifz Srnzkdzenf Nrhifeizenf% Saifz Y{irifzefk JiziRkzrekwia Tutzkl! SYR! wkrtenf :&7& xxx&kssn&nrh.JIZIBITKT.syr.syr&`zl!iddkttkj 9: Ndz 2335&

Hitznf! M&O&! Xeaaeilt! S&@& 9557% Tsizeia sizzkrft ef zipnfnled jewkrtezu& Ef? Benjewkrtezukj& Hitznf MO%! ss& 232,225& Baidmxkaa Tdekfdk! Npgnrj&Hnjxef! J&D&! Rezdèk! O&Z&! Tefh`! [&! @{fz! A& 9505%& I [tkrt H{ejk zn DKRKT X`kiz,

W2&93& Efzkrfizenfia Gkrzeaekr Jkwkanslkfz Dkfzkr! L{tdak T`niat! IA&@irk! O&J& 9553%& Kdnanhu ifj lifihklkfz ng z`k Dnanrijn snzizn bkkzak&Iff{ Rkw Kfznlna

4;?09933&@irretnf! S&I&! Snrzkr O&R&! Jnxfefh! Z&K& 2333%& Tdiaefh,{s z`k IGRDX@KIZ2 lnjka zn

ittktt s`kfnanhedia jkwkanslkfz gnr x`kiz ef K{rnsk& Ihred Gnrktz Lkzknrna 939?978907


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Daelizk Dìfhk Elsidzt nf Dkd` Ihred{az{rk 28;

@irwku! A&J&J&! Hrkhnru! O&! @nggkrz! L&! Oief! I&! Aia! L&! Akklift! R&! Riskr! T&B&D&! Xehaku!Z&L&A&! Jk Xnajk! O& If efzrnj{dzenf zn telsak daelizk lnjkat {tkj ef z`k ESDDTkdnfj Ittkttlkfz Rksnrz? ESDD Zkd`fedia Siskr 2 kjt& O&Z& @n{h`znf! A&H& LkeriGea`n! J&O& Hrehht! L& Fnh{kr%! Efzkrhnwkrflkfzia Sifka nf Daelizk Dìfhk! 9558!

Hkfkwi! Txezkraifj! ss&;3&@aiwefmi! S&! Zrfmi! L& Kezefhkr! O& Tl{zfu! W& Zìakr T&! ia{j! _& Retd bkdm S&! Mkf! &

2393%& Z`k skrgnrlifdk ng DKRKT,Biraku ifj DKRKT,X`kiz {fjkr wiren{t tneadnfjezenft ifj zeaaihk sridzedkt ef Dkfzria K{rnsk& Jek Bnjkfm{az{r& Wna{lk 79 9%!;,98! ETTF 3337,;:89&

@njjak! L&T& 233:%& Z`k snzkfzeia ijwkfzewk hknhrisèd rifhk ng haittu,xefhkjtìrst`nnzkr! @nlianjetdi dnih{aizk ifj z`k hrisk siz`nhkf Puakaai gitzejenti?elsaedizenft gnr Diaegnrfei ifj nz`kr hrisk hrnxefh rkhenft ng z`k xnraj& Drns Srnz24?759755&

@nnhkfbnnl! H&! Onfkt! O&X&! Xeamkft! S&X&! Bizd`kanr! X&J&! Bnxkf! X&Z&! @{fz! A&I&!Sedmkrefh! F&B&! Tefh`! [&! Hnjxef! J&D&! Bkir! B&! Bnnzk! M&O&! Rezdèk! O&Z&! Xèzk!O&X& 955:%& Drns Lnjkat! JTTIZ Wkrtenf 4&3& Efzkrfizenfia Bkfd`lirm TezktFkzxnrm gnr Ihrnzkd`fnanhu Zriftgkr! [fewkrtezu ng @ixiee! @nfna{a{! 752 ss&

@{haef S& 9580%& Fn{wki{ lnjk jwia{izenf jkt snttebeaezt àenz`krley{kt j{f leaek{wezednak& Dnlszkt Rkfj{t jk aIdijlek jIhred{az{rk! Grifdk 9998,9927&

@{alk! L! Xehaku! Z&L&A&! Birrnx! K&L&! Riskr! T&D&B&! Dkfzkaai! I&! Tlez`! T&! Dèsiftè!I&D& 2333%& [tefh i daelizk tdkfiren hkfkriznr gnr w{afkribeaezu ifj ijiszizenfittkttlkfzt? LIHEDD ifj TDKFHKF Wkrtenf 2&: Xnrmbnnm& Daelized Rktkird`[fez! Fnrxed`

D`lekakxtme! G&L&! M`f! X& 2333%& Elsidz ng xkiz`kr nf uekaj ifj uekaj dnlsnfkfzt ngxefzkr ruk&Ihred{az{rk ifj Gnrktz Lkzknrnanhu! 932! 939,992&

Mndlfmnw! K&! Zrfmi! L&! Kezefhkr! O&! J{brnwtm! L&! z

sfkm! S&! Tklkrjnw! J&!Biakm! O&! Tmiam! S&! Girji! I&! O{rnd`! O&! ia{j! _& 2399%? _& Ktzelizefh z`k elsidzng daelizk dìfhk nf z`k ndd{rrkfdk ng tkakdzkj sktzt iz i èh` tsizeia rktna{zenf ,i fnwka issrnid`& Z`k On{rfia ng Ihred{az{ria Tdekfdk& 9:5?90;,95;& ETTF 3329,0;57&

Mrezednt! J&O&! T{z`krtz! R&X&! Brnxf! O&R&! Ijmeft! T&X&! Liuxiaj! H&G& 2334%& Daelizkdìfhk ifj z`k snzkfzeia jetzreb{zenf ng if efwitewk iaekf saifz? Ididei feanzedi tts&efjedi ef I{tzriaei& O Issa Kdna :3?99992:&

Mr{eoz! B&! Xezzk! O&,S&L&! Oidnbt! D&L&O& Ifj Mrnnf! Z& 2330%& Kggkdzt ng retefh izlnts`kredDN2 nf kwisnzriftserizenf ifj tnea lnetz{rk? I sridzedia issrnid` gnr z`kFkz`kraifjt&On{rfia ng @ujrnanhu! 4:5? 2;8,278&

Aird`kr! X& 2334%&! Sùtenanhedia Saifz Kdnanhu&Tsrefhkr! :z` Kjezenf!Bkraef! s& ;94&

Andmkzz! D&O&! Sialkr! X&I& 2334%& Rkirefh ifj rkakitk ng @nledànji birmkre Oidnbu%Dnaknszkri? D`rutnlkaejik? Iazedefik% gnr z`k benanhedia dnfzrna ng sredmau ididei!Ididei feanzedi tts efjedi Lelntidkik% ef I{tzriaei&I{tz O Kfznlna :2?208254&

Lezd`kaa! R& I& D&! Baidm! D& R&! B{rmirz! T&! B{rmk! O& E&! Jnffkaau! I&! Jk Zklllkrlif! A&!Gifhlkekr! I&! L{a`naaifj! B& O&! Z`knbiaj! O& D& Wif Neokf! L&! 9555%&S`nzntufz`kzed rktsnftkt ef tsrefh x`kiz hrnxf {fjkr kakwizkj DN2dnfdkfzrizenft ifj tzrktt dnfjezenft ef z`k K{rnskif! l{azesak,tezk kpskrelkfzKTSIDKx`kiz& K{r& O& Ihrnf&! 93? 23;29:&

Lezd`kaa! Z&J&! @{alk! L&! 2332%& Akfhz` ng hrnxefh tkitnf! Xkiz`kr! ;8! 957,950&


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Fep! @& 9507%& I Benhknhrisèd ifiautet ng I{tzriaif Kaisej tfimkt& Ef? Anfhlnrk! R& Kj&%!Tfimkt? Izait ng Kaisej tfimkt ng I{tzriaei& B{rrki{ ng ganri ifj Gi{fi! Difbkrri! ss&:93&

Nkrmk! K&D& 2337%& Drns anttkt zn sktzt&On{rfia ng Ihred{az{ria Tdekfdk! Dilbrejhk 9::! 49:4&

Naktkf! O& K&! Dirzkr! Z& R&! Jei,Ilbrnfi! D& @&! Grnkm! T&! @kejliff! Z&! @edmakr! Z&! @naz!Z&! Lefh{k! L& E&! Lnriakt! S&! Sia{zemng! O&! Y{kliji! L&! R{e,Rilnt! L&! R{bim!H&! Ti{! G&! Tlez`! B&! Tumkt! L&! 2338%& [fdkrziefzekt ef srnokdzkj elsidzt ngdaelizk dìfhk nf K{rnskif ihred{az{rk ifj kdntutzklt bitkj nf tdkfirent grnlrkhenfia daelizk lnjkat& Daelized Dìfhk! 09? 9249:4&

Naktkf! O& K&! Okftkf! Z&! Skzkrtkf! O&! 2333%& Tkftezewezu ng gekaj tdiak xefzkr x`kiz srnj{dzenfef Jkflirm zn daelizk wireibeaezu ifj daelizk dìfhk& Daelizk Rktkird` 9;? 229240&

Nagkrz! N&! Xkett! R&L& 2337%& Elsidz ng daelizk dìfhk nf snzkfzeia jetzreb{zenft ifjrkaizewk ib{fjifdkt ng N{akli lkaifns{t! Lkaehkz`kt werejktdkft ifj Dk{znrùfd{tnbtzredz{t ef Difiji&Ihred Kdntutz Kfwernf 994?25;439&

Nraifjefe! T= Fkokjaem! S= Kezefhkr! O= Iakpifjrnw! W= Zn{aent! A= Diaifdi! S= Zrfmi! L=Naktkf! O&K 2330%& Elsidzt ng daelizk dìfhk ifj wireibeaezu nf K{rnskifihred{az{rk? rkt{azt ng efwkfznru ifiautet ef DNTZ 84: dn{fzrekt& Iff F U Idij Tde&2330= 99:7:%?440,4;4

Nzzkr,Fidmk! T&! Rezdèk! O&Z&! Hnjxef! J&D&! Tefh`! [& 9559%& I [tkrt H{ejk zn DKRKTBirakuW2&93& Efzkrfizenfia Gkrzeaekr Jkwkanslkfz Dkfzkr Tel{aizenf Lif{ia!EGJD,TL,4& 08 ss&

Skirtnf! R&H&! Jixtnf! Z&S&! Bkrru! S&L&! @irretnf! S&I&! 2332%& I Tsizeia Kwia{izenf ngDaelizk Elsidz nf z`k Kfwkansk ng Tskdekt& Kdnanhedia Lnjkaefh! 9;:? 205,433&

Skirtnf! R&H&! Jixtnf! Z&S&! Ae{! D& 233:%& Lnjkaaefh tskdekt jetzreb{zenft ef Brezief? ièkrirdèdia efzkhrizenf ng daelizk ifj aifj,dnwkr jizi& Kdnhrisù! 233:! 28! 20;50&

Skrjehn! W&! E& T{ssez Kjt&% 9555%& If Kirau Drns Uekaj Ktzelizenf Lkz`nj gnr Geffet`Dnfjezenft? Z`k drns hrnxz` lnfeznrefh tutzkl ng z`k Onefz Rktkird` Dkfzrk xezìfj xez`n{z Rklnzkau Tkftkj ifj nz`kr Ijjezenfia Efs{z jizi& K[R,9058; KF9555! s& 9::&

Skzùbrejhk! T&O&F&! Xeatnf! L&K& 2334%& Gnrkditzefh daelizk t{ezibeaezu ng I{tzriaeif `ns,hrnxefh rkhenft gnr ktzibaet`lkfz ng `ns snxjkru ifj jnxfu leajkxt& I{tzriaitSaifz Siz`na 42?:54:58&

Snaairj! K&! Lntt! J&! Uizkt! Z&O& 955;%& Sns{aizenf zrkfjt ng dnllnf Brezet` b{zzkrgaekt izlnfeznrkj tezkt&On{rfia ng Issaekj Kdnanhu 42! 597&

Snrzkr! O&@&! Sirru! L&A&! Dirzkr! Z&R& 9559%& Z`k snzkfzeia kggkdzt ng daelized dìfhk nfihred{az{ria eftkdz sktzt&Ihred{az{rk ifj Gnrktz Lkzknrnanhu ;8! 2292:3&

Rigntt! Z&! Tz`rk! L&H& 2334%& Tsizeia ifj zklsnria jetzreb{zenf ng bendaelized snzkfzeia gnrz`k dnjaefh lnz` ifj z`k Dnanrijn snzizn bkkzak ef Fnrxiu? lnjka srkjedzenftwkrt{t daelizk ifj gekaj jizi grnl z`k 9553t&Ihred Gnr Kfznlna ;? 8;0;&

Rhferk! O&! Tìrnw! I& 9550%& S`kfnanhu ng Aulifzrei jetsir Aksejnszkri? Aulifzreejik%!liak gaeh`z ifj z`k kggkdz ng lnz` jetskrtia ef `kzkrnhkfn{t aifjtdiskt& Efz OBenlkzknrna! :9?979970&

Rhferk! O&= Dnnmk! B&= Bkrhkrnf! W& 955;%& BenTEL? I dnls{zkr,bitkj jkdetenf t{ssnrz znnagnr tkitnfia saiffefh ng sktz lifihklkfz idzewezekt& [tkrt Lif{ia& Dif& Gnr& Tkrw&Efg& Rks& AI[,P,997&


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Refiaje! L& 233:%& Xizkr iwieaibeaezu iz tnxefh ifj fezrnhkf lifihklkfz ng j{r{l x`kiz?i tkitnfia ifiautet xez` z`k DKRKT,X`kiz lnjka& Gekaj Drnst Rktkird` 05? 2848&

Rnjji! H& @&! Rkkj! R&F& ' Oirfkwed`! D& T& 2338%& Daelizk lizdèfh it i znna gnr srkjedzefhsnzkfzeia fnrz` Ilkredif tsrkij ng brnxf zrkktfimkt& Ef Lifihefh Wkrzkbrizk

Efwitewk Tskdekt? Srndkkjefht ng if Efzkrfizenfia Tulsnte{l! Gnrz Dnaaeft!Dnanrijn! 85 I{h{tz 2338 Kjt H&X& Xezlkr! X& D& Sezz ' M&I& Gihkrtznfk%! ss&9489:;& Gnrz Dnaaeft! DN? Fizenfia Xeajaegk Rktkird` Dkfzkr&

Tifzkr BJ! Xehaku ZLA! Tdàktefhkr LK! Lezd`kaa OGB& 9553%& Jkwkansefh daelizk tdkfirentgrnl ky{eaebre{l HDL rkt{azt& Lip Saifdm Eftzez{zk gr Lkzknrnanhek! RksnrzFn&:8! @ilb{rh! Hkrlifu

Td`{az! @&R&! @nssliff! J&! @ngliff! L& 233;%& Jkr Kefga{tt maelizetd`krWkrfjkr{fhkf i{g jek s`fnanhetd`k Kfzxedma{fh jkr Rkbk! jek Tnrzkfkehf{fhtnxek Lntzhkxed`z {fj T{rktzr{mz{r jkr Zri{bkf& Bkezrih {l EfzkhrekrzkkfMaelitd`{zsrnhrill jkt Aifjkt @kttkf EfMael 2392% jkt Gid`hkbekzt Xkefbi{jkr Gnrtd`{fhtiftziaz Hketkf`kel& xxx&à{h&jk.lkjekf.a{gz.efmael.jnm{lkfzk.kfjbkred`zk.xkefbi{&sjg%

Tmiam S&! zsfkm S& 2330%& Wiaejizenf ng IAIJEF,Daelizk.D_ Srktkfz DaelizkTel{aizenft! XJT(30 Srndkkjefht ng Dnfzreb{zkj Siskrt! Sirz EEE! ;3;:!xxx&lgg&d{fe&d.wkji.mnfgkrkfdk.&&&.XJT30^430^g0^Tmiaim&sjg%

T{z`krtz! R&X& 2333i%& Daelizk dìfhk ifj efwitewk tskdekt , i dnfdksz{ia grilkxnrm& EfLnnfku @I! @nbbt R&O& kjt% Efwitewk tskdekt ef i dìfhefh xnraj& Etaifj Srktt!Xitèfhznf JD! 2992:3&

T{z`krtz! R&X& 2333b%& Daelizk wireibeaezu! tkitnfia gnrkditzefh ifj efwkrzkbrizk sktzt ,z`kfkkj gnr i tufnszed wekx& Ef? @illkr HA! Fed`naat F! Lezd`kaa D kjt%Issaedizenft ng tkitnfia daelizk gnrkditzefh ef ihred{az{ria ifj fiz{ria kdntutzklt&

Z`k I{tzriaeif Kpskrekfdk& Ma{xkr! Jnrjrkd`z! 409458&T{z`krtz! R&X& 2334%& Srkjedzenf ng tskdekt hknhrisèdia rifhkt&O Benhknhr43?03;097&T{z`krtz! R&X&! Liuxiaj! H&G&! Bnzznlaku! X&! Bn{rfk! I& 2339%& DAELKP w2 {tkrt h{ejk!

DTERN Kfznlna 94?209255&Zimi! O&! emi! B& 2330%& Daelizk dìfhk elsidz nf tsrefh biraku ifj xefzkr x`kiz uekajt

nf jif{beif anxaifj Ef? Kjt& Tzkadnwi! M& kz ia&? Bendaeliznanhu ifj Fiz{riaìirjt& Tsrefhkr,Wkraih! Jnrjrkd`z? Tsrefhkr? 204200! 2335%&

Zrfmi L&! Mndlfmnw K&! Biakm O&! Kezefhkr O&! R{hkz G&! Gnrliukr @&! @aiwefmi S&!Tdì{lbkrhkr I&! @nrmnw W&! Lnf L& 2393%& Telsak tfnx dnwkr lnjka gnrihrnlkzknrnanhedia issaedizenft!Ihred{az{rk ifj Gnrktz Lkzknrnanhu! 9;3! 999;,9928

Zrfmi! L&! J{brnwtm! L&! Tklkrjnw! J&! ia{j! _& 233:%& Srnokdzenft ng {fdkrziefzekt ef

daelizk dìfhk tdkfirent efzn kpskdzkj xefzkr x`kiz uekajt& Z`knrkzedia ifj IssaekjDaeliznanhu 88? 2252:5&Zrfmi! L&! J{brnwtm! L&! ia{j! _& 233:i%& Daelizk Dìfhk Elsidzt ifj Ijiszizenf

Tzrizkhekt ef Tsrefh Biraku Srnj{dzenf ef z`k Dkd` Rks{baed& Daelized Dìfhk! wna&7:Fn& 9,2%! 228,2;;&

Zrfmi! L&! L{mi! G&! Tklkrjnw! J&! J{brnwtm! L&! Mndlfmnw! K&! ia{j! _& 2338%&K{rnskif Dnrf Bnrkr aegk tzihk lnjka? Rkhenfia ittkttlkfzt ng sktz jkwkanslkfzifj tsizia jetzreb{zenf {fjkr srktkfz ifj g{z{rk daelizk& Kdnanhedia Lnjkaaefh! 49,0:&


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Zrfmi! L&! Naktkf! O& K&! Mkrtkbi{l! M& D&! Tmokawih! I& N&! Kezefhkr! O&! Tkh{ef! B&! Skaznfkf,Tiefen! S&! Rnzzkr! R&! Ehakteit! I&! Nraifjefe! T&! J{brnwtm! L&! @aiwefmi! S&! Biakm!O&! Kdmkrtzkf! @&! Dansskz! K&! Diaifdi! S&! Hnbef! I&! W{dkzed! W&! Fkokjaem! S&!M{lir! T&! Aiaed! B&! Lktzrk! I&! Rntte! G&! Mnuri! O&! Iakpifjrnw! W&! Tklkrijnwi!

J& ia{j! _& 2399%& Ihrndaelized dnfjezenft ef K{rnsk {fjkr daelizk dìfhk&Hanbia Dìfhk Benanhu! 98? fn& jne? 93&9999.o&947;,2:07&2399&32457&p

Z{bekaan! G&F&! Jnfizkaae! L&! Rntkfxkeh! D&! Tzndmak! D&N& 2333%& Kggkdzt ng daelizk dìfhkifj kakwizkj DN2 nf drnssefh tutzklt? lnjka srkjedzenft iz zxn Eziaeif andizenft&K{rns O Ihrnf 94? 985905

[ssiai! T& L&! S& X& Maabkrh! I& O& Tellnft! [& Ifjrik! W& Ji Dntzi Bkd`znaj! L& Genrefn! O&M& Hebtnf! O&! @itkakr! I& @krfifjk! H& I& Mkaau! P& Ae! M& Nfnhe! T& Tiirefkf! F&Tnmmi! R& S& Iaaif! K& Ifjkrttnf! M&! Irsk! L& I& Bialitkji! I& D& L& Bkaoiirt! A&Wif Jk Bkrh! O& Bejanz! F& Bnrliff! T& Dierkt! G& D`kwiaaekr! I&! Jkz`ng! L&Jrihntiwid! L& Get`kr! L& G{kfzkt! T& @ihkliff! K& @al! B& O& @ntmeft! A&Etimtkf! S& I& K& L&! Oifttkf! R& Okffk! I& S& Ldfiaau! O&,G& Li`gn{g! O&,O& Lnrdrkzzk!F& I& Riufkr! R& X& Ti{fjkrt! S& Telnf! I&! Tzkra! M& K& Zrkfbkrz`! I& [fzd`! J&Witeaokwed! S& Wezkrbn! O& Xnnaakf! Z`k Kri,:3 Rk,Ifiautet! Y{irzkrau On{rfia ng RnuiaLkzknrnanhedia Tndekzu! 233;%& 949! 2579,4392

Wif Ezzkrt{l L&M&! Akggkaiir S&I&! Wif Mk{akf @&! Mrnsgg L&O&! Bitzeiift A&! Hn{jreiif O&!2334%& Nf issrnid`kt ifj issaedizenft ng z`k Xihkfefhkf drns lnjkat! K{rnskifOn{rfia ng Ihrnfnlu! 90? 239,24:

Xiamkr! S&I&! Dndmt! M&J& 9559%& @IBEZIZ I Srndkj{rk gnr Lnjkaaefh i JetonefzKfwernflkfzia Kfwkansk gnr i Saifz nr Ifelia Tskdekt& Hanbia Kdnanhu ifjBenhknhrisù Akzzkrt! Wna& 9! Fn& :! ss& 930,990&

Xnag! O&! Kwift! A&H&! Tklkfnw! L&I&! Kdmkrtzkf! @! Ehakteit! I& 9557%& Dnlsiretnf ng x`kiz

tel{aizenf lnjkat {fjkr daelizk dìfhk E Lnjka diaebrizenf ifj tkftezewezuifiautkt& Daelizk Rktkird`! wna& 8! 2;4,283&Uilil{ri! M&! Unmnixi! L& 2332%& Srkjedzenf ng i hknhrisèdia tègz ef z`k srkwiakfdk ng

redk tzresk wer{t jetkitk zriftlezzkj bu z`k tliaa brnxf saifz`nsskr! Ainjkasìptzreizkaa{t Giaakf% @kleszkri? Jkasìdejik%! {fjkr hanbia xirlefh& IssaekjKfznlnanhu ifj _nnanhu! 48! 909953&

_ia{dme! L&S&! G{ranfh! L&O& 233;%& Gnrkditzefh @kaednwkrsi sns{aizenft ef I{tzriaei? idnlsiretnf ng rkhrkttenf bitkj lnjkat ifj i ben,daelized bitkj lnjkaaefhissrnid`& Eftkdz Tde 92?:;;7&

ia{j! _&! J{brnwtm L& 2332%& Lnjkaaefh daelizk dìfhk elsidzt nf liek hrnxz` ifjjkwkanslkfz ef z`k Dkd` rks{baed& Z`knrkzedia ifj Issaekj Daeliznanhu! 82! 0;,932&

climate change impacts on czech agriculture(intech)

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