climate change migration urbanization...capacity building workshop by the working group on...

Climate Change – Migration – Urbanization

Migration and SDGs in the Arab Region I Capacity Building Workshop by the Working Group on International Migration in the Arab Region

16 – 17 July 2018 I Cairo, Egypt

Regional Office for Arab States, Cairo – Egypt ([email protected])


Reference: Google Earth (15 July 2018)

migration

urbanization

environment –

climate change


Introduction

migration

urbanization

environment –

climate change

migration

urbanization

environment –

climate change

migration

urbanization

environment –

climate change


Introduction - Migration and Cities

- Cities as social hubs and centers of wealth and economic development.

- Ultimate movement towards cities in search for livelihood opportunities, security, and a decent life.

- Unfortunately, due to lack of planning and resources, many end up in overcrowded and underserved settlements or in remote urban areas that lack basic infrastructure, social services and connectivity to labor markets.

- Denied access to formal job opportunities and social protection systems and excluded from the urban advantages that they are seeking in cities, migrants, particularly the most vulnerable ones, are often stigmatized as a problem rather than recognized for their energy and potential contribution to urban life.

Arab region: core of present global debate on migration and cities - Arab region has witnessed migration movements over centuries – “experienced” urban

areas

- Migratory flows from, through and within the region are diverse, complex and vast:

- conflicts in Syria, Iraq, Libya, Sudan, Yemen and Palestine contributed to one of the world’s biggest displacement crises.

- one third of the world’s IDPs

- significant number of international labor migrants.

- Great majority of migrants in Arab hosting countries live in urban areas or on the urban periphery.

migration

urbanization

environment –

climate change


- Half of population in Arab countries live in urban areas, expected to increase by more than twofold over the next four decades.

- Unprecedented increase in urban population numbers, accelerated by massive migratory inflows poses challenges:

Physical and environmental challenges:increased pressure on infrastructure and basic urban services, affordable housing and public transportation systems, increased demand for urban land, public space and social facilities (mainly schools and health facilities), depletion of natural resources and the increase of pollution;

Socio-economic challenges:increased urban poverty rates, fragile labor markets, high unemployment levels (especially among women and youth), and competition between host and migrant communities over job opportunities (particularly seasonal and informal jobs);

Fiscal challenges:strains on municipal budgets and inability of many local authorities to raise their own funds to effectively cope with urban problems;

Urban governance challenges:centralized decision-making and weak local institutions that do not have the sufficient tools and resources to administer city growth and maintain urban security and social cohesion.

Introduction - Migration and Cities

https://unhabitat.org/books/migration-and-inclusive-cities-a-guide-for-arab-city-leaders/



Urbanization

battleground for

sustainable development

prosperity at local, regional and national levels…

engines of economic growth…

- Urbanization one of most powerful and irreversible forces in 21st century

- Impossible to stop movement of people into cities and towns


Why? Urban SDG Targets

SDG11: “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”

- 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development gives prominent role to urbanization and cities

- recognition that cities are a string that connects all other goals together - their density and economies of agglomeration link economy, energy, environment, science, technology and social and economic outputs

- interactions important to formulate integrated policies that enhance the transformative role of urbanization and contribute to achieve sustainable development

- one third of SDGs indicators have an urban component: Global Monitoring Framework adopted by the Statistical Commission (231 indicators) to be measured at local level -direct connection to urban policies and clear impact on cities and human settlements

- effective implementation of 2030 Development Agenda and monitoring and reporting of related indicators require better articulation of Goal 11 with other SDGs indicators that have an urban component

Stand Alone Goal On Cities

11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums

11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons.

11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries

11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage

11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations

11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management

11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities

11.A Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, per-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning

11.B By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at alllevels

11. C Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials


SDG11


Migration and Urbanization in SDGs

“Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”

“Reduce inequality within and among countries”

2015: Paris Agreement

UNFCCC

2015: Sendai Framework

for Disaster Risk Reduction

2015:2030 Sustainable

Development Agenda

2016:New Urban

Agenda

2018:Global Compact

on Migration


Global Agreements > National Commitments > Local Impact

Arab Strategy for Housing and

Sustainable Urban Development 2030

Towards an Arab Urban Agenda

National and local Implementation

Plans

- Highlights impact of humanitarian crisis and forced displacement of people on development progress

- Calls for empowerment of vulnerable groups, including refugees, internally displaced persons and migrants

- Calls for access by all – including migrants – to life-long learning opportunities

- Commits to eradicating forced labor and human trafficking and to end child labor

- Recognizes the positive contribution of migrants for inclusive growth and sustainable development


New Urban Agenda

Paragraph 28.

We commit to ensure the full respect for human rights and humane treatment of refugees, internally displaced persons, and migrants, regardless of migration status, and support their host cities in the spirit of international cooperation, taking into account national circumstances, and recognizing that, although the movement of large populations into towns and cities poses a variety of challenges, it can also bring significant social, economic, and cultural contributions to urban life. We further commit to strengthen synergies between international migration and development, at the global, regional, national, sub-national, and local levels by ensuring safe, orderly, and regular migration through planned and well-managed migration policies and to support local authorities in establishing frameworks that enable the positive contribution of migrants to cities and strengthened urban-rural linkages.

Side Event at One UN Pavilion: “Managing migration well - for more inclusive and resilient cities”https://habitat3.org/the-new-urban-agenda/


New Urban Agenda

Migration and sustainable urbanization are closely linked!

New Urban Agenda• proposes commitments to support host cities, with the challenges associated with movement of large

population while recognizing the significant social, economic and cultural contributions they make to urban life

• opportunity for all of us, including migrations and refugees, and leaving no one behind

• when adopted implemented a major step forward

If migration is unplanned, unmanaged, and migrants and refugees are excluded from the planning process, it further marginalizes and discriminates those in need of protection, contributes to rising inequality and prevalence of slums.

Mayors and city leaders are placed in the difficult position of maintaining the balance of supporting respective needs of host communities and migrants, and managing potential conflict.

• Maintaining social cohesion is a key concern

• Opportunity to manage the growth of their cities

National governments have a key role to play to put everything in place to ensure sustainable urbanization. Mayors and City Governments have the will. They need national government support to deliver.

5 Strategic Frameworks

The advantages of well-planned and designed urbanization are enormous as they can contribute to the solutions to many of the problems the world is facing today, including migration.


New Urban Agenda

National Urban Policies

large movements of populations not just humanitarian

crises but also development

challenge

Urban Regulation and Legal

Frameworks

that can work with uncertainty and fast changing

context

Urban Planning and Design

to facilitate physical and social

integration as cities and towns are transforming

and growing

Urban Financing Mechanisms and Urban Economic

Policies

to tap into the economic

potential and ensure burden

sharing

Local Implementation

Plans

at required scale and speed

-

Planned city extensions and plan city in-fills

Reference: Action Framework for the Implementation of the New Urban Agenda (April 2017)

Mainstreaming Migration…..

Mainstreaming Environment and

Climate Change …..

- Linking urban international, national and local stakeholders with migration actors.

- Implementing SDG11 on sustainable cities and communities linking it to migrant populations in vulnerable situations.

- Implementing communication strategies regarding beneficiaries and local communities.


Inclusive Cities




1• Assessment (Reliable Data)

2• Analysis

3• Prioritization of Interventions (short, medium, long term)

4• Collective Action for Comprehensive Response

5• Upscaling (Replicability Potential)

Pri

nci

ple

s:(a

) En

gage

men

t o

f al

l Key

Sta

keh

old

ers

(b)

Cap

acit

y B

uild

ing

(c)

Inst

itu

tio

nal

Co

ord

inat

ion

Inclusive Cities…

… Local Social, Environmental and Economic Development

Pillars of Inclusive Local Action


CPI - Global Monitoring Framework for SDG11 and New Urban AgendaCity Prosperity Index- cities as focus for change and venue where policies are realized

- forge new linkages among actors and offer innovative solutions, with the potential to be part of national agendas, and to influence regional and global development

- poor planning, absence of effective governance and legal frameworks, fragile institutions, low capacity of local authorities, and lack of a sound monitoring mechanism, diminishes the possibility to promote long-term sustainable urban development

- fundamental towards achieving higher levels of urban prosperity and sustainable urban development for all: data and metrics for decision-making on best policies to adopt, assist in tracking changes, whilst systematically documenting performance at outcome level

- enables city authorities, as well as local and national stakeholders, to identify opportunities and potential areas of intervention for their cities to become more prosperous

- six dimensions serves to define targets and goals that can support the formulation of evidence-based policies, including the definition of city-visions and long- term plans that are both ambitious and measurable

- global monitoring mechanism, adaptable to national and local levels that can provide a general framework that allows cities, countries, and the international community to measure progress and identify possible constraints

https://unhabitat.org/urban-initiatives/initiatives-programmes/city-prosperity-initiative/


CPI - Global Monitoring Framework for SDG11 and New Urban Agenda

… a holistic approach to prosperity

- Prosperity (definition by UN-Habitat) is a social construct that materializes in the realm of human actions

- Builds on the conditions prevailing in a city at any time, despite its size or location

- Policies for well-balanced, harmonious development in a fair and just environment.

Elements:1. Productivity2. Infrastructure3. Quality of life4. Equity and inclusion5. Environmental sustainability6. Governance and legislation

Fundamental principles of human rights need to be measured:- process of urbanization to adhere to human rights principles- city, outcome of urbanization, to meet human rights standards - access to adequate housing, water and sanitation or any other civic,

cultural, economic, political and social right are integral partshttps://unhabitat.org/urban-initiatives/initiatives-programmes/city-prosperity-initiative/


Climate Induced Displacement

Towards Sustainable, Safe, Resilient and Inclusive Urbanization in the Context of Climate Migration in North Africa

Prepared by IOM and UN-Habitat Regional Offices,Cairo – Egypt

Main objective:1. Enhance understanding of correlation between migration, climate

change and urbanization in five different countries in North Africa;2. Provide policy guidance on mainstreaming this issue in National Urban

Policies;3. Implement adaptive pilot initiatives at local level;4. Regional exchange, peers learning (national and local level, among

various stakeholder groups).

Focus on five countries: (1) Morocco, (2) Algeria, (3) Tunisia, (4) Egypt and (5) Sudan.

Three-tier approach:(1) preparatory, (2) implementation and (3) evaluation.

migration

urbanization

environment –

climate change


Reference: Google Earth (15 July 2018)

thank you

climate change migration urbanization...capacity building workshop by the working group on...

Documents