climate change presentation

O u t l i n e• General Definitions• Parts of the Climate System• Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming• How does/will Global Warming and Climate

Change effect the Philippines?• What we can do to reduce this effect!

O u t l i n e• General Definitions• Parts of the Climate System• Greenhouse Affect & Global Warming• How will CC affect the Philippines?• What we can do!

What is the difference between "global warming" and "climate change?"

Global Warming• Increase of Earth’s average

surface temperature• Due to build-up of

greenhouse gases – Ex: Carbon Dioxide,

Methane, Water Vapor, Chlorofluorocarbons

Climate Change• Long-term changes in

climate• Includes average

temperature and precipitation levels

• Global warming is one type of climate change

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Weather• Short-term• Daily Change• Includes:

– Precipitation– Barometric pressure– Temperature– Wind conditions

Climate

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Weather• Short-term• Daily Change• Includes:

– Precipitation– Barometric pressure– Temperature– Wind conditions

Climate• Long-term• Years• Includes:

– Average weather conditions

– Regular weather sequences– Special weather events

All of these together effect the movement of heat around Earth’s

surface!

• Oceans

• Land

• Ice

• Biosphere

• Atmosphere

Oceans

• Cover 70% of Earth’s Surface

• Oceans buffer and regulate temperature – energy absorbed or lost by the oceans results in a smaller surface temperature change than would occur over land.

• Currents: Long Term (Thermohaline Circulation) Short Term (El Nino)

Oceans

• The atmosphere and ocean constantly exchange energy and matter.

• Water evaporates from the oceans into the atmosphere. This moisture then falls back to the Earth as precipitation – rain, snow, sleet

Land

• Land covers 27% of Earth's surface

• Topography influences weather patterns-Ex:Weather difference between mts. and plains-Plate tectonics!

Ice

• Ice is the world's largest supply of freshwater.

• It covers the remaining 3% of Earth's surface including most of Antarctica and Greenland.

• Ice plays an important role in regulating climate because of its insulating properties and high reflectivity

Biosphere

• Part of Earth's atmosphere, land, and oceans that supports any living plant, animal, or organism

• Large quantities of CO2 are exchanged between the biosphere and the atmosphere as plants take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen, and animals inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.

Atmosphere• Thin layer of mixed gases

– Greenhouse Effect

• Makes up the air we breathe

• Keeps the Earth at stable temperature– Hindi sobrang init o sobrang lamig, tamang-tama!

• Weather systems develop in the lower atmosphere

Global Warming• Atmosphere = 78% nitrogen + 21% oxygen

• Greenhouse gases (GHGs) make up last 1% and include: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxides and fluorinated carbons (CFCs)

• GHGs have dramatically increased over the last 200 years and are at their highest levels in 420,000 years

• Scientists believe the average global temperature will rise 2-5 degrees Celsius by 2100.

CO2

• Naturally occurring• CO2 levels have increased 31% in

the last 250 years• Produced from burning fossil fuels

like coal and gas• Also produced from burning

organic materials, like trees and plants

• Trees absorb CO2, so cutting them down to burn is doubly damaging

Methane

• Also known as natural gas• Produced in excess by

decomposing garbage in landfills, livestock, farming, coal mining and burning fossil fuels

• Has increased in our atmosphere by 50% in the last 250 years.

Chlorofluorocarbons• Chlorofluorocarbons is found in aerosol sprays, in air-

cons and refs, in the production of plastic and in other industrial applications

• Thousands of times better at trapping heat than CO2

• Largely responsible for the hole in the ozone layer• Now banned in most countries, or heavily regulated

What are the effects of Global Warming?

• A rise in global sea levels– When water is heated, it expands– Sea levels rose 25cm in the 20th

century– Sea levels predicted to rise 80cm+

in the 21st century (not including ice melt)

– Melting glaciers and polar ice caps– A rise in the ocean of 1m will

displace millions of people and swamp cities and even some whole countries


• Changing agricultural areas and growing seasons– Some areas will become too

hot to grow their traditional crops

– Northern areas might now be warm enough to grow certain crops


• Changing wildlife and plant ranges– Many animals and plants are

sensitive to even small temperature changes

– Upwards of 1 million species could be extinct by 2050

– Increase of “pest insects” like mosquitoes due to warmer temperatures

– Coral bleaching


• More unpredictable and harsher weather patterns– Increase in ocean and air

temperatures will increase droughts, typhoons and heavy precipitation, which can lead to flooding and landslides

– Increased temperatures might even change regional climates!

Satellite image of Africa during a period

of normal rainfall

Satellite image of Africa during a period

of normal rainfall

Satellite image of Africa during a drought

Satellite image of Africa during a drought

Some examples…Some examples…

Some examples…Some examples…

Flooding in one part of China…

…at the same time as a drought in another part of the country

The Philippines ranks 4th

on the Global Climate Risk

Index!

How will Climate Change affect the Philippines?

• More downpours, typhoons & landslides– Typhoons and landslides in

2006 cost at least 2,500 lives and Php 20 billion

– More than 300 weather related disasters over the last 25 years, costing 21,700 lives and at least Php 215 billion


• A rise in sea levels of 1m will:– Affect 16 regions– Affect 64 out of 81 provinces– Cover 703 out of 1,610 municipalities– Swamp 70,000 hectares (700 km2) of land– Potentially displace 1.5 million people– Cover 5,000 hectares of Manila, effecting 2.5

million people


• Farming and fishing– 2/3 of the population depends on

agriculture for their livelihood• Change in climate affects crops• More typhoons means more crop

damage

– One million fishermen• Coral bleaching leads to fewer fish• Increased ocean temperatures will

change where fish live


• Other potential problems– Dead coral and destroyed beaches

could reduce tourism, which could cause losses of up to Php 225 billion

– Wetter, warmer climate = more mosquitoes = more malaria and dengue

– Less land to farm and more people could increase poverty

Think Globally, Act Locally!

What Can We Do? Conserve Energy

• Conserving energy is the first step!

• Change incandescent light bulbs to compact fluorescent bulbs.

• Use natural sunlight!

• Turn off lights and fans, turn down your ref, buy energy efficient appliances


• Why not settle for fan instead of aircon?

• Ceiling fans reduce cooling costs by more than half!


• Keep the ref. at a constant temp. Even one degree makes a difference.

• Make sure that the doors are completely shut.

What Can We Do? Conserve Water

•Although the supply of drinkablewater may seem unlimited here, it actually is a limited resource.

•Turn off the water when brushing your teeth.


• Buy and use energy- saving appliances

• Big users of energy are hot water heaters, air cons., washer and dryers, and dishwashers

Look for thislabel when you buy an appliance

What Can We Do?Conserve Energy

• Use natural and renewable energy as much as possible.

• Go Green!

• Encourage renewable energy use: Solar, Wind, Hydro, Geothermal

What Can We Do?

•Plant trees! -Stop illegal cutting -Educate and inform officials

•Use recycled rainwater to water plants.

What Can We Do?

• Proper car maintenance is encouraged!

• Walk or ride a bike: Economical and healthy!– Always share a ride– Buy 4-stroke instead of 2-stroke motorcycles, because

2-stroke engines are up to 4 times more polluting

What Can We Do?

• Go organic! Composts are better than pesticides and chemically-based fertilizers.

• Use green charcoal: substitute from burnt wood.

• Use organic home-made fertilizers instead of synthetic

What Can We Do?

• Recycling is still the tested and proven way to help maintain a cleaner and greener environment.

• Buy recycled products

What Can We Do?

• Keep life simple. Vanity often leads to destruction.

• Practice the 3 R’s: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

• Avoid products that are damaging to the environment like kaingin rice, plastic bags and Styrofoam

What Can We Do?• Don’t burn!

– Household burning of garbage releases toxic chemicals– Start a compost pile at your house, your barangay,

your school– Spread the message about composting, taking garbage

to the dump, or putting it out for collection, instead of burning

What Can We Do?

• Be active!– Talk about conservation and global warming

with your friends, family, school staff, politicians, anyone who will listen

– Educate yourself: Learn more about the laws in the Philippines, about global warming and about alternative technologies, like solar and wind power

You Can Make A Difference!• More power!

• You are not alone!– WWF - Philippines– Conservational International - PH– Haribon Foundation - Philippines– Philippines Environmental NGO Network– DENR, PENRO, MENRO,

Keep BATA NHS Clean!

Have everyone take out their web link sheets and look at them. Explain that these are just some of the organizations out there that are helping fight for the environment, and against global warming. This hopefully will help people get over the “What can I do, I’m just one person?!” mind-set. Encourage people to visit these websites, to look at the work these organizations are doing and maybe to consider volunteering with them, or asking them for help and/or information. If you can get free hand-outs from some or all of the organizations, or print info from their websites that you can hand out, all the better. The point of this presentation is not just to educate, but motivate.

climate change presentation

Documents

effects of global warming

average global temperature

weather difference

global warmingatmosphere

climate change effect

weather systems

global sea levelswhen

type of climate changewhat