climate change, water management, and food security in the northern savannah ecological zone
DESCRIPTION
CLIMATE CHANGE, WATER MANAGEMENT, AND FOOD SECURITY IN THE NORTHERN SAVANNAH ECOLOGICAL ZONE. Water Resources Commission Three Dimensional Model (P3DM) Presentation Workshop. RCC _Bolgatanga May 27, 2011. CLIMATE CHANGE. Evidence. Increase in Mean Annual Temperature. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CLIMATE CHANGE, WATER MANAGEMENT, AND FOOD SECURITY IN THE NORTHERN
SAVANNAH ECOLOGICAL ZONE
Water Resources Commission
Three Dimensional Model (P3DM) Presentation Workshop.
RCC _Bolgatanga
May 27, 2011
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CLIMATE CHANGE
Evidence
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NIncrease in Mean Annual Temperature
• Gradual increase in Temp. by 1.9oC
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NMean monthly rainfall
• Reduction in rainfall over the decades.
0
100
200
300
April May June July Aug Sept Oct
Month
Rain
fall (
mm
)
1961-1975 1976-1990 1991-2003
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NEvapotranspiration (Navrongo)
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N– The NSEZ experiences a single rainfall regime in a year
from April/May to October with a peak in September.
– More than 80% of the total annual rainfall is
recorded in just four months (June to Sept)
– During the dry season (November to March)
there is very little or no rainfall at all
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Daboya gauging station
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
01/0
1/20
06
01/0
2/20
06
01/0
3/20
06
01/0
4/20
06
01/0
5/20
06
01/0
6/20
06
01/0
7/20
06
01/0
8/20
06
01/0
9/20
06
01/1
0/20
06
01/1
1/20
06
01/1
2/20
06
Dai
ly f
low
(m
3 /s)
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COUPLED WITH
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Land use (Cultivating along River banks)
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RESULTS IN EXTREME EVENTS
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NFloods during rainy season
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N
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N... And droughts during the dry season
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Key Factors in WRM
Interactions among these factors determine the environmental quality of the RIVER BASIN
PEOPLEWATER RESOURCES
ENVIRONMENT
DEGRADATION
POLLUTION
POLLUTIONDEGRADATION
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NIWRM – Linking Water use Sectors
Eco
-sys
tem
Ind
ust
ry &
Oth
ers
Fo
od
Peo
ple
WATER USE SECTORS IW
RM
CROSS-SECTORAL DIALOGUE
IWRM is the ‘integrating handle’ leading from
Sub-sectoral to cross-sectoral water management
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Constraining factors in ensuring Food Security:
• Soil nutrients
• Water• Energy• Capital• Labour• Markets
farming systems more resilient to rainfall variability
Increase buffering capacity:
- control over water
- capital goods: grain, livestock
-financial insurance
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NConservation and Protection of source
• Create a buffer• Keep good soil and water managment practices
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NReservoirs
xx
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NSmall reservoirs
xx
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Structural measures:- Multipurpose Dams and reservoirs,- Channel improvements.
Non-structural: flood forecasting and warning;flood plain regulation;development policies (master plans)information and education
Preserving the natural resources of flood plains through flood plain zoning and regulation
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NSustainable Water Management for
Food Security involves all
Research
Basin Management
Technical Services
NGOs and Civil Society
Chiefs & Land Owners
Women’s Groups
Youth
Farmers and herdsmen
Traditional Authorities
Metropolitan/Municipal/District
Assembly
Water User association
Nat. res. User group
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NPossible Challenges
• Diversity in institutional mandates and interests• Human and Financial Resources • Linking water governance to the MDGs• Administrative boundary thinking and planning• Active involvement of Research • Transboundary water management Issues• Bringing the communities along as partners, is
important for sustainability but slow and expensive
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NConclusion
• Integration of downstream and upstream, quantity and quality, surface water and groundwater issues
• Integration of land use and water resources in a practical manner.
• Integration of environmental and socio-economic issues into evolving management plans and regulatory decisions.
• Facilitates the practical integration of downstream and upstream as well as basin-wide issues
• Address the linkages between water resources management and the management of land and other related resources