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BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
Climate Change – what the Automotive Industry can do.
Dr. Klaus ScheuererRepresentative of the Board for Traffic and Environment.
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
Page: 2
Climate Change – what the Automotive Industry can do.
CO2 Emissions – a Challenge for the Automotive Industry.
The BMW WayShort and mid term: Optimisation of existing Technologies.
Long term: Hydrogen.
Summary and Conclusion.
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
Page: 3
Global Anthropogenic CO2-Emissions. Private Road Transport covers 7 %.
Sources: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, WG III, 2007. World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 2004.
Power-/Heat Plants
27 %
7 % Cars
Private households,Small enterprises
9 %
Deforestation22 %
Industry25 %
2004: 37 Gt CO2
4 % Road haulage1 % Busses0,5 % Motorcycles
0,5 % Railway2 % Air traffic
2 % Ship
Transport17 %
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
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Global Anthropogenic CO2-Emissions. Power-/Heat-Plants and Deforestation with highest Increase.
Source: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, WG III, 2007. Values are rounded.
Power-/Heat Plants
Transport
Households, Small Enterprises
Deforestation
Industry
7,2 + 45 %
4,8 + 29 %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3,2 0 %
8,2 + 11 %
5,6 + 45 %
Year 1990 Year 2004
Data in Gt CO2
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
Page: 5
Climate Change – what the Automotive Industry can do.
CO2 Emissions – a Challenge for the Automotive Industry.
The BMW WayShort and mid term: Optimisation of existing Technologies.
Long term: Hydrogen.
Summary and Conclusion.
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
Page: 6
Climate Change – what the Automotive Industry can do.The Triple “S” Strategy
• Increased Efficiency• Lightweight Construction• Aerodynamics• Energy Management
• 2nd Generation Bio-Fuels
Long-term: - Substitute carbon-containing fuels
Midterm:- Supplement existing fuels
Shortterm:- Save Energy
Time Horizon: Action:
• H2 • electrical Energy
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
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The BMW Way.Short-, mid- and long-term Solutions.
2006 > 2020
Short-term
Long-term
Mid-term
Lightweightconstruction
Drive technologies
Energy Management,Electrificationof the power-train
Hydrogen Vehicles
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
Page: 8
Climate Change – what the Automotive Industry can do.
CO2 Emissions – a Challenge for the Automotive Industry.
The BMW WayShort and mid term: Optimisation of existing Technologies.
Long term: Hydrogen.
Summary and Conclusion.
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
Page: 9
A Variety of Control-Levers to provide short- and mid-term Solutions.
Improvement of existing drive technologies
Lightweight construction,
Aerodynamics
Electrificationof the power-train
Energymanagement
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
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Thermal Energy
ElectricalEnergy
HydraulicEnergy
PneumaticEnergy
MechanicalEnergy
Functions
PrimaryEnergy
PrimaryEnergyConverter
SecondaryEnergyStorage
SecondaryEnergyConverter
PumpBattery
Engine Driving
Accelerating
Cushioning
Springing
Heating
Cooling
Braking
Steering
Eng. Cooling
...
Mid-term: Intelligent Energy Management. Example: Brake Energy Regeneration.
Fuel
Air
Compressor
ElectricalMotor
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
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Thermal Energy
ElectricalEnergy
HydraulicEnergy
PneumaticEnergy
MechanicalEnergy
Functions
PrimaryEnergy
PrimaryEnergyConverter
SecondaryEnergyStorage
SecondaryEnergyConverter
Pump
Compressor
ElectricalMotor
Engine Driving
Accelerating
Cushioning
Springing
Heating
Cooling
Braking
Steering
Eng. Cooling
...
Mid-term: Intelligent Energy Management.Example: Electric assisted Driving and Steering.
Fuel
Air
Reduction of consumption
Battery
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
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Electrification of Drive-trains is not enough to reach the Targets: ZEV and CO2 Neutrality.
CO2 free
- 12 %
- 20 %
100 %
-3 to
- 15 %
4 valve,BMW Bi-Vanos
Hybrid & Energy Management
BMW CleanEnergy
BMW VALVETRONIC
BMW High Precision Injection
Intelligent management of energy flows
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
Page: 13
Climate Change – what the Automotive Industry can do.
CO2 Emissions – a Challenge for the Automotive Industry.
The BMW WayShort and mid term: Optimisation of existing Technologies.
Long term: Hydrogen.
Summary and Conclusion.
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
Page: 14
Possible Types of Energy for Passenger Cars.From Primary Energy to Fuel.
Propane/Butane
MethaneBattery power
HydrogenDiesel
Ethanol
Petrol
Seed oil
Methanol
Exhaustible energy Renewable energy
Petroleum, Natural Gas, Coal Nuclear fuel Solar irraditation, Hydro-electric power, Wind power
Bio-mass
Electricity
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
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Efficient dynamics:
- efficiency
- power output
- weight/volume
- Near Zero Emissions
- cost efficient engine production
- open issue: H2 storage
BMW CleanEnergy: H2 ICE. Targets H2 Powertrain Development.
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
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100 %Limit0.1 g/km 1.0 g/km 0.08 g/km
EU4 NEDC
< 1.0 % < 1.0 % 2.0 %
HC CO NOx
Europe
Limited Emissions.The BMW Hydrogen 7 is the cleanest BMW Car.
0.01 g/mi 1.0 g/mi 0.02 g/mi
SULEV II FTP 75
< 1.0 % < 1.0 %
30 %Hydrogen 7bifuel
10 %Hydrogen 7 monofuel
NOxNMOG CO
USA / Canada
100 %Limit
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
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BMW CleanEnergy.Strategic Alliances.
H2
Supply Industry
Energy- and Mineral Oil- industry
R & D Institutions
Public authorities/ Politics
Automotive Industry
Gas-/ HydrogenIndustry
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
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Pioneering the H2-Infrastructure. In Europe, USA and Japan.
H2Win
Environmental Protection Agency/ DaimlerChrysler/ UPS (Michigan)
FreedomCAR/FreedomFUEL
CUTE Clean Urban Transport for
Europe & ECTOS Ecological City
Transport System & STEP
SINERGY (Singapore)
Lighthouse Projekte(EU)
NEDO
HyLights
JHFCJapan Hydrogen
and Fuel Cell Demonstration
Project
Fleet operators/ Prototypes
TESTransport Energy
Strategy
CEPClean Energy Partnership
China
HyWays
Californian Hyway
Californian Fuel Cell Partnership
DOEDepartment of
Energy
H2argemuc
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
Page: 19
Climate Change – what the Automotive Industry can do.
CO2 Emissions – a Challenge for the Automotive Industry.
The BMW WayShort and mid term: Optimisation of existing Technologies.
Long term: Hydrogen.
Summary and Conclusion.
BMW GroupTraffic and EnvironmentSeptember 2007
Page: 20
Climate Change – what the Automotive Industry can do.Summary and Conclusion.There is a variety of control-levers to provide short- and mid-term solutions: from lightweight construction to electrification of drive-trains. However, these are not enough to reach the targets: ZEV and CO2 neutrality.
Hydrogen offers diversity of primary energy and flexibility in application.
Hydrogen from renewable energy has the highest potential to substitute fossil fuels.
Hydrogen from renewable energy is carbon free, but also most expensive.
Consensus and co-operation between all stakeholders is required: industries, politics and society.