CLIMATE LITERACY 201:

Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

William Forsythe, Chief, Power Planning Branch

SWP Power and Risk Offi ce

Power vs. Energy

• POWER is the RATE at which work is performed - - energy is generated or consumed

• 1 MegaWatt = 1,000,000 Watts (MW)

• 1 MW can serve ~ 1,000 homes with electricity

One Edmonston pump uses 60 MW

Power vs. Energy

• ENERGY = amount of power produced or consumed over a period of time

• 1 MW generated for one hour = 1 MWh

To get 100,000 MWh Annually, You Need:

Typical Capacity Factor

Size of FacilityResource (MW)

Natural Gas 0.60 19

Wind 0.34 34

Solar 0.27 42

Bio Mass 0.81 14

Geothermal 0.94 12

Technology MattersCapacity Factor

SWP PUMPING AND GENERATING

SWP is the largest single power consumer in California Pumping capacity = 2,600 MW 6 million to 9.6 million MWh

consumed to move water 40% to 60% from our own hydro resources

SWP Pumping

SWP GENERATIONSWP is the third largest generator

of clean hydropower in CAGeneration capacity = 1,700 MW

4 million to 7 million MWh generated Produces about 14% of California’s hydropower

Comparison to CA Utilities

• 4% of CAISO Load

• Consumes 3% of all electricity used by CA electric utilities

• 6th largest CA electrical

consumption by utility

• Only about 9% size of PG&E

SWP Comparison to CA Utilities

Benefits to the Grid

• SWP’s off-peak pumping = fewer plants are cycling up and down

• Less on-peak pumping reduces the stress on the grid

• Limitations: Delta restrictions Water deliveries drive power schedules

Benefits to the Grid

2011 SWP Pump load8,508 Million MWh

SMALL HYDRO 4%

LARGE HYDRO 61%

MARKET PURCHASES

25%

COAL RESOURCE 10%

Energy Used to

Del iver Water

I n c . T r a n s m i s s i o n L o s s e s

D a t a f r o m S W P A O f o r A l l o c a t i n g

O ff - A q u e d u c t P o w e r F a c i l i t y C o s t s

7 / 2 0 / 1 1

  MWh per acre-foot (a)

Pumping Plants At Cumulative

  Plant from Delta

Barker Slough . 223

.223

Cordelia Benicia . 434

.657

Cordelia Vallejo . 178

.401

Cordelia Napa . 563

. 786

Harvey O. Banks (Delta) . 296

. 296

South Bay Including Del Valle .869

1.165

Dos Amigos . 138

. 434

Buena Vista .242

. 676

Teerink . 295

. 971

Chrisman . 639

1.610

A.D. Edmonston 2.236

3.846

Pearblossom .703

4.549

Greenspot . 871

5.420

Crafton Hills 1.087

6.507

Cherry Valley .224

6.731

Oso .280

4.126

Las Perillas .077

. 511

Badger Hill .200

.711

Devils' Den .705

1.416

Bluestone .705

2.121

Polonio Pass .705

2.826

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Transportation, 40.7%

Ag & Forestry, 8.3%Industrial, 20.5%

Electric Power,

21.6%

SWP,0.6%

Others, 8.3%

GHG Emissions in California

Sources of CA’s 2004 GHG Emissions By End Use Sector

• 2007 – 2009: California Climate Action Registry. Verified

• 1 of only 5 state agencies to achieve this status

• 2010 : The Climate Registry. Completing verification Reported 2011 emissions. Starting on 2012 reporting

• Annual reporting of energy use to Air Resources Board

GHG Emissions Reporting

THE CLIMATE REGISTRY

Nonprofit collaboration

sets consistent and transparent standards

to calculate, verify and publicly report GHG emissions

into a single registry

2011 Sources Million MT CO2 Percentage

SWP Energy Use

Reid Gardner Unit 4 0.721 27.05%

Contractual/Market Purchases 1.921 72.01%

2.642 99.06%

DWR Facilities 0.004 0.15%

DWR Vehicular Fuel Purchases 0.015 0.56%

DWR Back-up Generators and Other Stationary Equipment

0.006 0.23%

Grand Total 2.667 100.0%

CDWR Climate Action Plan Emissions Detail

• 50% reduction below 1990 levels

by 2020 which exceeds AB 32 goal

• 80% reduction below 1990 levels

by 2050

DWR Emission

Reduction Goals

LODI ENERGY CENTER296 MW Combined

Cycle Natural Gas Power

Plant• Highly efficient

• 13 Public Participants

• DWR share 99 MW

• 33% of facility

• $140 Million DWR investment

• Operational Nov 2012

• Fast start technology Ramp up and down quickly

• Help provide firming power for renewable energy that is generating intermittently

Termination of Coal-Fired Resource

Four units at the Reid Gardner Facility in Nevada

SWP has 67.8% equity ownership of Unit 4 (a 275 MW unit)

Expires July 25, 2013

Comparison to CA Utilities

• Feb 2013 executed 20-year power purchase agreement

• 45 MW solar project with delivery start in 2015/16

• Oct 2012 executed a 4 year power purchase agreement

• 28.3 MW geothermal and 5.3 MW landfill gas

Renewable Energy Contracts

The Future of the California Aqueduct ?

21

22

• Usable 68 acres

• ±10 MW of solar

• Higher elevation

• Already secured

area

• Env. Surveys

completed

• Interconnection application to SCE

Solar at Pearblossom Pumping Plant

• Decreased power use – 40,000 MWh annually

• Energy savings equivalent to a

24-acre solar farm

Edmonston Pump Replacement Project

Other “Green” Activities

• Wind and Solar RFPs

• Development of small hydro

• Testing of in-aqueduct hydrokinetic generation

• Governor’s Climate Action Team

Other Greening Activities

Cap and Trade

for Emission Al lowances

• Final regulation adopted by CARB 10/20/11

• Generator or importer will need to obtain and retire GHG credits equal to the amount of GHG produced beginning with 2013 emissions

• 1 allowance = 1 MT CO2e

Emiss ion Al lowances

• 90% allocated free to retail load serving utilities

• SWP specifically named in the regulation

• SWP will NOT receive any free emission allowances

• 10% retained by CARB

• Oct 2012 auction• Floor price of $10/MTCO2e • Containment reserve $50/MTCO2

Cost and Use of Allowances

• Allowances reduced by 2% per year thru 2020

• SWP Direct and Indirect Costs estimated to be $23 M in 2013

• Direct cost ~$ 8 M• Indirect cost ~$ 15 M

• Use of allowances:o Still being developed o Renewables?o Energy efficiency?o Rebates?

SWP has a GHG policy that will meet or exceed all AB-32 milestones

SWP provides strong public benefits to the California electrical grid

DWR is pursuing a suite of tools to reduce GHG:• Acquiring renewable energy resources• Refurbishing pumps and generators to improve energy efficiency

• Switching from coal to cleaner natural gas

resources

• Developing small hydro

Summary of Actions