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ZSK – Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

Centre for Urban Ecology and Climate Adaptation (ZSK), TUM

Project 1: Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

Climate-proofing via urban green infrastructure?

Evaluation of heat mitigation measures at the micro-scale

Teresa Zölch, Johannes Maderspacher, Christine Wamsler, Stephan Pauleit

ZSK – Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

Background

• Summerly heat in cities affects thermal comfort of citizens

• City centres are especially affected UHI effect

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http://www.wz.de/landscape_550/onlineImage.jpeg

• Climate change is likely to

amplify these effects

• Adaptation by urban green

infrastructure increasingly

promoted

ZSK TP 1

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ZSK – Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

Trees Roof greening Facade greening

Objective

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What type of green infrastructure should be

implemented for heat mitigation and how

much of it?

Scenario modelling:

• 3 types of green infrastructure

• Implementation in different quantities

• Under current and future climate conditions (REMO A1B)

ZSK – Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

Approach

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ENVI-met model V4

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Output:

PET data

Average and

spatially distributed

© Microsoft BingTM Maps screen shot reprinted with permission from Microsoft Corporation

Thermal comfort measured by PET index (Physiological Equivalent Temperature)

comfort at 18 – 23 °C

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ZSK – Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

Approach

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ENVI-met model V4

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°C

Output:

PET data

Average and

spatially distributed

Thermal comfort measured by PET index (Physiological Equivalent Temperature)

Comfort at 18 – 23 °C In 1.4 m height at 3 pm

ZSK – Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

Approach

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0200 m

eter

Realistic trees 22% tree

cover Maximum trees 34% tree

cover

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ZSK – Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

Results

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Baseline

• Current climate = 42.8°C PET

• Future climate = 45.2°C PET + 6.3% increase

Scenarios Current climate Future climate

TreeR = Realistic trees - 10.3 - 4.0

RoofR = Realistic green roofs 0.0 + 6.3

FacadeR = Realistic green

facades

- 5.1 + 0.9

TreeM = Max. trees - 13.0 - 7.1

RoofM = Max. green roofs - 0.5 + 6.3

FacadeM = Max. green

facades

- 9.8 - 4.1

Relative changes in PET at 1.4 m at 3 pm compared to baseline

ZSK – Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

Results

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Baseline

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ZSK – Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

Results

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Baseline Realistic trees - 10 %

ZSK – Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

Results

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Max. green facades

- 10 % Baseline

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ZSK – Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

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"0" Baseline TreeR RoofR FacadeR TreeM RoofM FacadeM

PE

T (

°C)

at 3pm

in 1

.4 m

heig

ht

Scenarios

Today Future Baseline today

Climate-proof via urban green infrastructure?

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ZSK – Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

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"0" Baseline TreeR RoofR FacadeR TreeM RoofM FacadeM

PE

T (

°C)

at 3pm

in 1

.4 m

heig

ht

Scenarios

Today Future Baseline today

Climate-proof via urban green infrastructure?

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ZSK – Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

Conclusion

• Green infrastructure influences thermal comfort differently

Major parameters: shading and evapotranspiration

Trees and green facades have potential to offset climate change

• Practical implications for urban planners

Prioritize tree plantings

Add green facades where trees are not an option (i.e. limited space)

Consider green roofs as multifunctional measure (for biodiversity, stormwater retention etc.)

• Green infrastructure supports effective adaptation to climate change and the improvement of outdoor thermal comfort

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ZSK – Climate mitigation and urban green infrastructure

Centre for Urban Ecology and Climate Adaptation (ZSK) Technical University of Munich

Arcisstrasse 21

D-80333 München www.zsk.tum.de info@zsk.tum.de

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Thanks for your attention! Comments? Questions?

Acknowledgements To the team for the great support during the study To the Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Consumer Protection for the funding