climate responsive architecture in brazil - hcu hamburg

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Climate responsive Climate responsive Architecture in Brazil Architecture in Brazil examples from Curitiba examples from Curitiba Masterproject „Tropical Wood Architecture – Case Study Brazil“ Prof. Dr. Eduardo Krüger Gastwissenschaftler Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) – Fachbereich Bayphysik und technischer Ausbau (fbta) Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba PR, Brazil

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Page 1: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Climate responsive Climate responsive Architecture in BrazilArchitecture in Brazil – –

examples from Curitiba examples from Curitiba Masterproject „Tropical Wood Architecture – Case Study Brazil“

Prof. Dr. Eduardo KrügerGastwissenschaftler Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) – Fachbereich

Bayphysik und technischer Ausbau (fbta)Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba PR, Brazil

Page 2: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

BIOCLIMATIC APPROACHBIOCLIMATIC APPROACH

Page 3: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Bioclimatic zoning in BrazilBioclimatic zoning in Brazil

Zoneamento Bioclimático Original NBR 15220 – Desempenho Térmico de Edificações Habitacionais Unifamiliares de Interesse Social (ABNT, 2005) [terceira parte da norma: primeira versão do Zoneamento Bioclimático Brasileiro]

Page 4: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Methods used for the first version of Methods used for the first version of the Brazilian Bioclimatic Zoningthe Brazilian Bioclimatic Zoning

• Mahoney Tables

• Givoni’s Building Bioclimatic Chart (BBC)

Page 5: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Mahoney TablesMahoney TablesMethod proposed in 1970 by Carl Mahoney (AA School, London)

for bioclimatic design

• Gathering and organizing climate data (climate normals)• Analysis of data in a set of Tables• General recommendations for building design

Page 6: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Mahoney TablesMahoney TablesWikipedia:

The tables use readily available climate data and simple calculations to give design guidelines, in a manner similar to a spreadsheet, as opposed to detailed thermal analysis or simulation. There are six tables; four are used for entering climatic data, for comparison with the requirements for thermal comfort; and two for reading off appropriate design criteria. A rough outline of the table usage is:

Air Temperatures. The max, min, and mean temperatures for each month are entered into this table. Humidity, Precipitation, and Wind. The max, min, and mean figures for each month are entered into this table,

and the conditions for each month classified into a humidity group. Comparison of Comfort Conditions and Climate. The desired max/min temperatures are entered, and compared

to the climatic values from table 1. A note is made if the conditions create heat stress or cold stress (i.e. the building will be too hot or cold).

Indicators (of humid or arid conditions). Rules are provided for combining the stress (table 3) and humidity groups (table 2) to check a box classifying the humidity and aridity for each month. For each of six possible indicators, the number of months where that indicator was checked are added up, giving a yearly total.

Schematic Design Recommendations. The yearly totals in table 4 correspond to rows in this table, listing schematic design recommendations, e.g. 'buildings oriented on east-west axis to reduce sun exposure', 'medium sized openings, 20%-40% of wall area'.

Design Development Recommendations. Again the yearly totals from table 4 are used to read off recommendations, e.g. 'roofs should be high-mass and well insulated'.

Page 7: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Mahoney TablesMahoney Tables

Page 8: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Givoni’s BBC Givoni’s BBC

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T B S [ ° C ]

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ZONAS:

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TRY data plotted against BBC – Analysis Bio software

Page 9: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

BBC for selected locations in Brazil, ordered by latitude – BBC for selected locations in Brazil, ordered by latitude – predicted HEAT, COMFORT and COLDpredicted HEAT, COMFORT and COLD

Page 10: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

BBC for selected locations in Brazil, ordered by latitude – BBC for selected locations in Brazil, ordered by latitude – recommended strategiesrecommended strategies

Page 11: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

DESIGN GUIDELINES

Bioclimatic zoning in BrazilBioclimatic zoning in Brazil

Page 12: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONEVALUATION

Curitiba locationCuritiba location

Page 13: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

13

• Curitiba is a city of 1.8 million inhabitants in Southern Brazil, at 25°25’ S, 49°16’ W and 934m altitude, in a region of temperate oceanic climate (Cfb), typically with dry winter and wet summers

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About CuritibaAbout Curitiba

Page 14: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

• Widely regarded as a laboratory for innovation in urban design and urban management, Curitiba became known as an “ecological city” in the early 1990s

• The city has a long history in Brazilian urban planning

About CuritibaAbout Curitiba

Page 15: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 1BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 1Design guidelines (for social housing)

Page 16: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Thermal PerformanceThermal PerformanceEliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of occupied low-

cost houses in Curitiba

• Technological Village of Curitiba, 120 houses, 100 of them occupied, 20 show-rooms, different building systems

• Thermal monitoring Ta and RH with data-loggers in winter 2000 and in summer 2000/2001

• Results interpreted relative to buildings’ characteristics

Page 17: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Thermal PerformanceThermal PerformanceEliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of occupied low-

cost houses

DescriptionConcrete panelsWood panels Wood panels Mineralized wood boards Polystyrene plastered boards Earth cement bricks Hardwood boards Masonry, insulated Lightweight concrete panelsFiber cement panels Concrete panels with inner air layerConcrete boardsConcrete panels with inner air layerConcrete panels with polystyrene inner layerCeramic hollow blocks Concrete hollow blocksConcrete boardsConcrete panels

Page 18: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Thermal PerformanceThermal PerformanceEliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of occupied low-

cost houses (WINTER)

Page 19: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Thermal PerformanceThermal PerformanceEliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of

occupied low-cost houses (SUMMER)

Page 20: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Thermal PerformanceThermal PerformanceEliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of

occupied low-cost houses (WINTER-SUMMER / Comfort)

Page 21: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Thermal PerformanceThermal PerformanceEliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of

occupied low-cost houses HOW DID THE WOOD HOUSES PERFORM???Empresa/Estado Parede Cobertura

2 Battistella/SC Painéis de madeira com revestimento acrílico. Forro de madeira, câmara de ar com ventilação e telhas de fibrocimento.

3 Kürten/PR Painéis de madeira de pinus. Forro de madeira e telha cerâmica.7 Todeschini//MS Kit pré-fabricado de madeira de lei. Forro de madeira e telha cerâmica.

Page 22: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

How to improve???How to improve???

Low-cost, recycled Low-cost, recycled materials, reusematerials, reuse

Page 23: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

THERMAL MASS: USE OF THERMAL MASS: USE OF CONCRETE RUBBLECONCRETE RUBBLE

Marcio Komeno’s study on the use of rubble to increase thermal mass in Brasilia (UNB)

TC1 – hollow concrete blocksTC2 – concrete blocks with rubbleTC3 – concrete blocks with rubble and plaster

Page 24: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 4BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 4Design guidelines (for social housing)

Page 25: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

USE OF CONCRETE RUBBLEUSE OF CONCRETE RUBBLEMarcio Komeno’s study on the use of rubble to increase thermal

mass in Brasilia (UNB)

Page 26: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

IMPROVING ROOF’S INSULATION: IMPROVING ROOF’S INSULATION: USE OF TETRAPAKUSE OF TETRAPAK

Graziela Suetake´s study on the use of Tetrapak sheets as low-e material in roofs in Curitiba

Test-cells concrete blocks, light concrete blocks, ceramic – 1m³ internal volume

Page 27: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

USE OF TETRAPAKUSE OF TETRAPAKGraziela Suetake´s study on the use of Tetrapak sheets as

low-e material in roofs

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horas

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°C)

abrigo

cel isopor

cel calc sem isol

cel calc Tetra Pak telha

cel calc foil

cel calc Tetra Pak interior

Performance in summer similar to that of a 5cm styrofoam boards

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cel isopor cel calc sem isol cel calc TETRAPAK interior

Page 28: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

INCREASING WALLS’ INSULATION: INCREASING WALLS’ INSULATION: USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES

Study on the use of PET bottles as a hollow part of insulated concrete blocks (‘ISOPET’) in Curitiba

Thermal performance analysis of a building prototype - in winter / summer

SALAA: 11,52m²A: 2,40m²

BWC

HALLA: 1,42m²

A: 5,12m²CHURRASQ.

A: 24,50 m²PLANTA

PROJEÇÃO COBERTURA

Pt. 10 Pt. 1 Pt. 3 Pt. 8

Pt. 4; Pt. 5; Pt. 6

Pt. 7 Pt. 9

Pt. 2

SENSORES

Page 29: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

INCREASING WALLS’ INSULATION: INCREASING WALLS’ INSULATION: USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES

Study on the use of PET bottles as a hollow part of insulated concrete blocks (‘ISOPET’) in Curitiba

Monitoring and use of predictive formulas

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Tmin,ext Tméd,ext Tmax,ext Tméd,intTemperatura mínima interna Tmin, int=0,857*GTmin+0,816*(Tmin-GTmin)+0,288*(Tavg(n-1)-Tmin)+3,55 Eq.2

Temperatura média interna Tavg, int=0,851*GTavg+0,602*(Tavg-GTavg)+3,55 Eq.3

Temperatura máxima interna

Tmax, int=0,802*GTmax+0,738*(Tmax-GTmax)+3,55 Eq.4

Page 30: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLESStudy on the use of PET bottles as a hollow part of

insulated concrete blocks (‘ISOPET’) in Curitiba

Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in Brazil – classified according to IPT´s rating scheme

IPT-inverno Critérios IPT-verão Critérios

Cidade A B C Cidade A B C

Fortaleza 365 0 0 Brasília 365 0 0

São Luís 365 0 0 Fortaleza 365 0 0

Natal 365 0 0 São Luís 365 0 0

Recife 365 0 0 Natal 365 0 0

Vitória 362 3 0 Vitória 365 0 0

Maringá 311 49 5 Recife 365 0 0

Florianópolis 290 67 8 Maringá 364 1 0

Brasília 269 95 1 Florianópolis 359 6 0

São Paulo 209 155 1 São Paulo 349 16 0

Porto Alegre 201 133 31 Porto Alegre 332 33 0

Curitiba 119 185 61 Curitiba 314 49 2

Page 31: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

How to improve???How to improve???

Passive techniquesPassive techniques

Page 32: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDYEimi Suzuki’s study

Page 33: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDYEimi Suzuki’s study

Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil – degree-days approach

Page 34: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDYEimi Suzuki’s study

Experimental configurations

Page 35: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDYEimi Suzuki’s study

Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil – degree-days approach, for different modes of operation of the openings

Graphs show normalized data for winter-spring (left) and summer periods (right)

Page 36: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDYEimi Suzuki’s study

Page 37: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDYEimi Suzuki’s study

Measurements and performance predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil – degree-days approach, for different modes of operation of the openings relative to a base case without the system

Graph shows % reduction in cooling and heating degree days (two months in winter and summer)

Page 38: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Evaporative Cooling System Evaporative Cooling System ‘‘Vivienda Bioclimática Prototipo’ Vivienda Bioclimática Prototipo’ (VBP-1) – ongoing collaboration with Eduardo Gonzalez(VBP-1) – ongoing collaboration with Eduardo Gonzalez

A Vivienda Bioclimática Prototipo (VBP-1)

C Sistema de “cobertura-tanque de água” sobre os dormitórios

B Planta da Vivienda VBP-1

D Esquema do SPREI

Page 39: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

VBP-1 in MaracaiboVBP-1 in Maracaibo

Page 40: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Diagrama PsicrométricoPb: 101.325 kPa. Altitud: 0 mZona de Confort y Estrategias

de Diseño.

Eduardo González, Abril 2006.

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Maracaibo, VenezuelaMaracaibo, Venezuela

•Lat: 10° 34’ N•Long: 71°44’ W•Alt: 66 msnm •Temperature (avg): 27.6 °C •Rel. Humid.: 76%•Daily temp. swing: 8°C•Precipitation 450~500 mm•Solar global radiation, avg per day: 4.2 kWh/m²

Maracaibo – hot humid conditionsMaracaibo – hot humid conditions

TBH 24ºC

TBH 26ºC

Page 41: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Monitoring the systemMonitoring the system

• De fevereiro a maioDe fevereiro a maio - Tmax em torno de 30 °C e Tmin redor de 25,5 °C . Oscilação diurna ≈ 4,5 °C. Dados para geração dos modelos.

• De maio a setembroDe maio a setembro - Tmax em torno de 33 ºC e Tmin redor de 27 ºC. Oscilação diurna ≈ 6,0 °C. Dados para validação dos modelos.

• Um clima muito difícil para a implementação de resfriamento evaporativo.

Fev 10 – Maio 12 Maio 13 – Sep 17

Page 42: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Pond = 3.67 + 0.6449*WBT + 0.3261*Tavg - 0.0638*Swing - 1.68*Water - 0.5*Fans (1)

SB_Max = -0.15 + 0.1333*Tavg + 0.6477*Pond + 0.2312*RnAvg + 0.1985*Swing +0.8*Use

SB_Avg = -1.0 + 0.1568*Tavg + 0.5925*Pond + 0.2899*RnAvg + 0.0406*Swing + 0.7*Use

SB_Min = 1+ 0.5414*Pond + 0.3298*RnAvg+0.0932*Tmin - 0.0668*Tdrop + 0.41*Use

(2)

(3)

(4)

NB_Max = -1.8 + 0.1616*Tavg + 0.5455*Pond + 0.3732*RnAvg + 0.113*Swing

NB_Avg = -2.3 + 0.1744*Tavg + 0.5319*Pond + 0.381*RnAvg + 0.0011*Swing

NB_Min = 1+ 0.5414*Pond + 0.3298*RnAvg+0.0932*Tmin - 0.0668*Tdrop

(5)

( 6)

(7)

Generating predictive formulas for the system – Generating predictive formulas for the system – collaboration with Baruch Givonicollaboration with Baruch Givoni

WBT = Temperatura de bulbo úmidoTavg = Temperatura média diária externa Tmin = Temperatura mínima diária externaRnAvg = Temperatura média ext de 10 dias anterioresSwing = Amplitude da temperatura diária (Tmax-Tmin) Pond = Temperatura da água no sistema teto-reservatório (Eq.1)Tdrop = Tmax(n-1) -Tmin – Diferença de temperatura entre máxima do dia anterior e mínima do dia atualUse = (uso do dormitório sul): 1 = com uso; 0 = sem uso

Fans = 0 = extrator desligado 1 = Uso de extrator de 8" 2 = Uso de extrator de 8" e Uso de extrator de 14" Water = 0 = sem água no sistema cobertura-tanque de água 1 = com água no sistema cobertura-tanque de água

Page 43: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Climate: Maracaibo

+ Usage

Timax = GTm + DelT + k(Tm-GTm)Tim = GTm + DelT …..Timin = GTmin + ….

+Climates: 1, 2, 3,….. 411.

Using the formulas for predicting thermal Using the formulas for predicting thermal performanceperformance

Page 44: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Outdoor heat discomfort in BrazilOutdoor heat discomfort in Brazil

Cooling degree-days for the upper limit of the adaptive comfort range

Page 45: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Temperature drop in the two bedrooms (North Bedroom empty, South Bedroom occupied)

Applicability of the systemApplicability of the system

Page 46: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Percentage reduction of cooling degree-days

Applicability of the systemApplicability of the system

Page 47: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

How was the How was the vernacular vernacular

approach???approach???

Page 48: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Vernacular indigenous Vernacular indigenous architecturearchitecture

Buried structures (estruturas subterrâneas) from the Itarare tradition – study on the indigenous use of soil thermal mass

Page 49: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Current state and planned roof construction for indoor thermal monitoring – WORK IN PROGRESS …

Vernacular indigenous Vernacular indigenous architecturearchitecture

Page 50: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Current study at KITCurrent study at KITLinkage to other aspects of climate Linkage to other aspects of climate

responsiveness:responsiveness:

•Daylight / solar gains (particularly for Curitiba)Daylight / solar gains (particularly for Curitiba)

•Climate responsive urban planningClimate responsive urban planning

Page 51: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Field study on daylight effects on users Field study on daylight effects on users and outdoor thermal comfort versus and outdoor thermal comfort versus

long- and short-term acclimatization at long- and short-term acclimatization at the climate chamber LOBSTER the climate chamber LOBSTER

Prof. Dr. Eduardo L. KrügerProf. Dr. Eduardo L. Krüger

PhD Student Cintia TamuraPhD Student Cintia Tamura

Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – UTFPRUniversidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – UTFPR

Curitiba. Paraná, Brazil Curitiba. Paraná, Brazil

[email protected]@utfpr.edu.br

Page 52: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Research Methods - Daylight study

Page 53: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Research Methods - Daylight study

• Research purpose: explore the relationship between the availability of daylight resulting from solar orientation of openings in buildings, i.e. solar access and impacts on non-visual health of adult humans.

• Theoretical background: daylight importance for circadian cycle (Kueller 2002, Stephen 2004, Webb 2006); lack of daylight / permanence during long periods in indoor spaces with artificial lighting can deregulate biological cycles and alter occupant’s behavior and performance as well (Anderson at al. 2009, Bellia et al.2011, Bará & Compostela 2014).

Fig. 1: Variation of daylight´s wavelength along the day, and wavelenght´s values of some lamps. Source: adapted from Hecht (2012)

Page 54: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Research Methods - Daylight study

• Hypothesis: Different amounts of daylight provided by solar orientation or the complete absence of daylight will bring impacts to non-visual health and behavior of adult humans (Boyce 2004, Mead 2008, Teft 2012, Sanassi 2014, Boubekri 2008, Martau 2010).

• Method: In the present study, the impacts of opening orientation and availability of daylight will be correlated to conditions of circadian cycle for the same subjects in different seasons of the year.

– Measurements will be done during three seasons of the year (winter, spring and summer) in LOBSTER. Biological indicators of sleep/wake, activity patterns and stress levels will be objectively measured as well as psychological indicators involving mood, anxiety, stress levels, SAD affects, sleep quality index.

Page 55: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Research Methods - Daylight study

• Experimental plan with configurations

Subjects A,B Subjects A,B

OFFICE 1

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4

No daylight (shutters down)

Daylight max (south-facing)

Daylight min (north-facing)

No daylight(shutters down)

Subjects E,F Subjects E,F

OFFICE 2Daylight max (south-facing)

No daylight (shutters down)

No daylight(shutters down)

Daylight min (north-facing)

Sample:16 Participants (ideally) with use of LOBSTER of one whole month

[16 X 4 (days) X 3 (seasons)= 192 sessions]

8 participants (minimum) with two-week use of LOBSTER [8 X 4 (days) X 3 (seasons)= 96 sessions]

Page 56: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Research Methods - Acclimatization study

Page 57: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Research Methods - Acclimatization study

• Research purpose: evaluation of short and long-term acclimatization effects on a subject’s thermal sensation and perception.

• Theoretical background: stepping from thermal homogeneity to the outdoors should create immediate responses that could diminish with time of exposure – Alliesthesia concept (Cabanac 1971, Parkinson et al. 2012, De Dear …), once the subject was for a long time within a thermally static environment, „with no opportunity for the body to interpret the ‘usefulness’ of a stimulus for thermoregulation“, there is a greater chance that he will more effectively experience thermal pleasure / unpleasure.

Page 58: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Research Methods - Acclimatization study

• Hypotheses’ summary

HYPOTHESIS TEST REFERENCESalliesthesia hypothesis

Testing whether filling out questionnaires after a longer time of exposure outside will give: 1) more reliable correlations to predicted outdoor comfort indices; 2) higher consistency of data in respect of measured variables. Comparisons in this case could be made to outdoor data collected in previous studies (Brazil, Scotland).

Cabanac, 1971; Parkinson et al., 2012; De Dear …

psychological adaptation

Testing whether differing views of the outdoor setting in the chamber might have an influence over the subject’s thermal response

Nikolopoulou & Steemers, 2003

long-term or seasonal acclimatization

Testing whether subjective and objective responses to outdoor conditions are correlated to seasonal factors

ASHRAE Standard 55; Pearlmutter et al., 2014

Page 59: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Research Methods - Acclimatization study

• METHOD Short term: acclimatization effects from a sudden transition from

controlled indoor conditions to the outdoor space in three time lapses: immediately, after 15 min and after 30 min in the outdoor space around LOBSTER (after the 5-h period inside the chamber)

Long term: seasonal effects of thermal preference outdoors, with same individuals taking part of the study repeatedly in different seasons of the year

Analysis : comparison of responses in different time lapses and for different

conditions (Table) to objective indices, such as UTCI [collaboration with UTCI-developers at IfADo]

consistency tests (statistically)

Page 60: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Research Methods - Acclimatization study

• METHOD

Conditions Monitored Controlled Conditions (Indoors) with PMV=0 for all data series,

which will involve constant thermal conditions throughout the day (in combination with the DAYLIGHTING STUDY)

Varying Conditions (Outdoors): natural exposure, survey questionnaires, light walking condition, standardized clothing

Variables of Interest Outdoor microclimatic conditions next to the subject (IfADo portable

equipment), body surface temperature Thermal comfort questionnaire surveys, including thermal

perception and thermal preference

Page 61: Climate responsive architecture in Brazil - HCU Hamburg

Vielen Dank für Ihre Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!Aufmerksamkeit!

Contact : [email protected] : [email protected]