climate-smart agriculture in relation to redd+ - p. holmgren
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Presentation by P. Holmgren, FAO, at the UN Climate Change Conference, Bonn, Germany. 8 June 2011.TRANSCRIPT
Climate-smart Agriculturein relation to REDD+
Peter HolmgrenFAO
8 June 2011
Two Goals of Our Time
1. Achieving Food Security– 1 billion hungry– Food production to increase 70% by 2050– Adaptation to Climate Change critical
2. Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change– ”2 degree goal” requires major emission cuts– Agriculture and Land use = 30% of emissions..– ..and needs to be part of the solution
A Sustainable Development landscape
National ->International
National ->Local Climate
UNFCCC“Carbon”
Biodiversity
CBD“Species”
Food Security
WSFS“Calories”
+Human rights,Health, Trade, Education, .....
LOCAL REALITIES
GLOBAL OBJECTIVES
C l i m a t e – s m a r t A g r i c u l t u r e
Climate-smart Agriculture
Agriculture* that sustainably:
• increases productivity
• increases resilience (adaptation)
• reduces/removes GHGs
AND
• enhances achievement of national food security and development goals
ADRESSES MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES!*) FAO includes agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors in the “agriculture”
concept
www Practices and Policies
• Increased productivity and resilience and less emissions is the “win-win-win”
• Often but not always possible
• Some knowledge gaps
• Multiple-objective policies needed
– Success should not be determined through single- objective measures (e.g. GHG emissions)
– Single-objective actions should generally be avoided
– Local actions should not be micro-managed through detailed accounting (proxy-based policies more efficient)
Action examples Can help Food Security and Resilience
Can help meet CC Mitigation
Increase productivity (yields per area) under environmental and sustainability constraints
Yes (yes)
Reduce expansion of agriculture and sustainable forest management
Yes
Effective water use Yes (yes)
Reduce losses in / more efficient agricultural practises
Yes Yes
Reduce losses in food processing and handling
Yes Yes
Improve agricultural markets and incentives
Yes Yes
Carbon sequestration in vegetation and soil
(yes) Yes
Combining Finance
0
1600
Annualagricultureinvestment
Annual EUCAP
CancúnGreen Fund
REDD+readiness
finance
• What difference can climate finance make?
Is Agriculture relevant to REDD+?
100 years in the Nordic countries
What are we talking about?
• Deforestation– Conversion of forests to other land uses, in
most cases agriculture
• Forest Degradation– Result of pressure on forest resources, very
often caused by agriculture-related activities (fire, fuel, fodder, grazing, shifting cultivation)
• Enhancing Forest Carbon Stock– Reversing forest degradation, and also
potentially afforesting previous agriculture land
The right REDD+ focus?
No. ‘It’s the agriculture, stu...’
Relative importance of REDD+International National Local
REDD+ Mitigation Actions and Payments
Other land use actions that generateincome and food security
Concluding remarks
• Climate-smart agriculture is an approach that embraces multiple objectives in the agriculture sectors
• Emissions addressed in REDD+ very often originate in agriculture-related activities
• Success in REDD+ depends on measures taken in agriculture sectors