climate smart model village

Climate Smart Model Village

ICRG TeamJanuary 30, 2019

• Objectives of Model Village

• Approach and Methods

• Village 1 (Plains village - Odisha)

➢ Location and Village Profile➢ Vulnerability and Climate Projection➢ Water Budgeting➢ Map based analysis➢ Planning and Location of NRM structures➢ Livelihoods Strengthening and Diversification➢ Feasibility Analysis➢ Estimated Outcomes

➢ Village 2 (Hills village – Chhattisgarh)

Outline of the Presentation

What is a Model Village?

Objectives

• Saturation of Permissible works

• Doubling of Farmers’ income

• Protecting and enhancing the income of the poorest of the poor and the

marginalized

• Addressing the impacts of climate change to avoid erosion of development gains

Approach and Methods

Demand and Supply Analysis

➢ Demand for NRM and alternate livelihood in the village

• Water budgeting

• Primary survey through focus group discussion and key informant interviews

➢Existing Resource base of the village• Secondary information (land record, beneficiary name, crop type etc)

collected from District Collector’s office and Revenue Inspector

• Analysis through maps

Approach and Methods

Gap Analysis and Proposed Village Development Plan

• Overlay of maps to identify treatment plan

• Livelihood strengthening and convergence

• Outcome estimation using data from published sources

Model Village 1: Odisha

Model Village Name Pichhulia

District Keonjhar

Block Ghatgaon

Gram Panchayat Badapichulia

Villages in the GP Jharbeda and Pichhulia

Location of Model Village

District- Keonjhar, Block – Ghatgaon,

GP – Badapichhulia, Village – Pichhulia

Source: Bhuvan Maps Source: Google Map

Village Profile: Bio-physical

Total Geographical Area: 762 ha Irrigated Area: 0

Source: District Statistics Report

Forest Land Net sown area Cultivable landNon-agriculture

landFallow land

Permanentpasture & other

grazing land

Percentage 37% 13% 0% 13% 13% 24%

37%

13%

0%

13% 13%

24%

Village Profile: Socio-economicSocial Groups Number of HH Primary source of Income Average Annual Income (INR)

People with Disability 06 Agriculture 10,000-15,000 / acre

Women headed households

30 Agriculture 10,000- 15,000 / acre

Scheduled Tribe with < 2.5 acre

189 Agriculture + wage labor 15,000/acre +8,000

Landless 4 Wage labor 15000

Others 91 Agriculture + wage labor 15,000/acre +8,000

Total 320

Source: Focus Group Discussion, ICRG Team

Climate Projection: Ghatgaon Block

2021-2050 1984-2014

ExposureState

classesBlock actual

Block ranking

State classes

Block actual

Block ranking

Drought (JJAS rainfall, coefficient of variation, %)

H: >37

48 H

H: >37

22.2 L

L: <30 L: <30

Flood (no. of rainfall events >100 mm/day)

H: >24

27 H

H: >24

22 M

L: <15 L: <15

Source: ICRG Study on Climate Modelling

Water Budgeting

A. Water Demand

Category Requirement (Ha.M Annually)

Drinking 3.74

Agriculture 110.7

Total 114.4

B. Available Run-off from Rainwater (using climate modeling data): 347.3 Ha-m

C. Harvested Run-off through Existing Infrastructure: 6.01 Ha-m

D. Water Deficiency: (108.39) Ha-mE. Additional water storage by creating proposed structures 119.24 ha-m

Land Use Map

LVP=Low Land

MVP=Medium Land

Existing Works

Proposed Works

Proposed NRM Plan

Work Category Number of Works Area (ha) Budget in Lakh INR

Community Works 145 245.24 78.41

Individual Works 181 317.12 103.32

Total 326 562.36 181.73

Proposed NRM Plan Break-up

Sl NRM Work Community Works Individual works

1 Water conservation includingplantation and land development

55 65

2 Water harvesting structures 51 94

3 Others (LBCD, SCT, outlets etc) 39 22

145 181

Linking MGNREGS works to livelihoods through convergence

Initiating Crop Production in the proposed Land Development Patch

FADP(ITDA, Keonjhar)

Support of Seed and other Agriimplements

3 lakh 10 ha

Irrigation facilities near by Land Development Patch

JALANIDHI/ Agriculture Department (OAIC)

Support of Pump, Pipe, Transformer etc. ( 03 Units)

8.1 lakh 15 Ha.

Improving Climate Resilient Cropping System

Dept. Of Agriculture

Introduce SRI methodology in Paddy

1 lakh 50 Ha.

Introduction of Poultry Rearing in the MGNREGA supported Poultry sheds

ITDASupport of Poultry Birds ( 48 Bird Capacity)

3 lakh

15 Units of 48 layer bird capacity.

Demonstration of Vegetable Crop, Pulses Production during Rabi

ITDA

Support of Seeds and Other Inputs ( Veg. Production)

1.0 Lakh 10 Ha

Promote Organic farming to improve Soil Nutrition

Odisha Livelihood Mission

Capacity Building of farmers on Organic Farming

0.50 Lakh 50 Ha

Introduce Climate Resilient Nursery Practices and water management system in the Vegetable Production System ( Drip irrigation system)

Directorate of Horticulture

Demonstration of Green shed nets with Solar system

3.0 Lakh 3 Ha.

Demonstration Alternative Climate Resilient Crops to reduce crop loss due to Climate Risk

Odisha Millet Mission/ITDA

Support of Millet Seed for Demonstration of Ragi Production ( Millet) in the MGNREGA treated patch

0.2 Lakh 5 Ha


Capacity Building of Communities on Improved Package of Practices of Various Crops .

OLM(NRLM)

Organizing Exposure Visits , Thematic Training

on Various Crops , Poultry , Fishery and livestock practices.

2.0 Lakh100 HHs ( Approx)

Strengthening of Community Institutions/Producer Groups etc.

OLM (NRLM)

Formation and Strengthening of Water User Groups/ Village Climate Committee/ Producer Groups etc.

2.0 Lakh100 HHs( Approx)

Promote Seed Production and

Multiplication of short and medium duration

Climate Resilient Paddy Varieties

IRRI-OLM Partnership

Seed Production of Climate Resilient Paddy Varieties

0.20 Lakh10 Ha.

Introduce Fish Farming in the renovated Ponds

ITDA, Keonjhar

Support Fingerling to Farmers for Fish Production.

1.5 Lakh 3 Ha ( 03 Ponds)


Proposed Works for Most Vulnerable Households

Vulnerable HH Proposed Interventions

Women headed HH (30) Goat rearing

People with Disability (6) Poultry Farm & Goat rearing

ST < 2.5 acres of land (189) Individual works (details provided earlier)

Landless wage labor (4) Goat rearing, leased land for vegetable cultivation

Estimated Budget and Timeline

A.Total Budget (proposed) for MGNREGA Infrastructure: Rs. 1.81 crore

B. Estimated Annual Allocation: Rs. 53,38,000 220 (No. of active job cards in the village) * 100 (person days) * 184 (current daily wage rate)… assuming 80% expenditure on NRM

C. Time to Implement Action Plan = ~3.4 years

Estimated Outcomes

A. NRM/Climate Outcome

1. Number of households with increased climate resilience: 320.

2. Domestic public expenditure on climate change (for UN Climate Change Reporting): Rs. 1.81 crore.

3. Increase in Irrigation potential: 119.24 ha-m

4. Groundwater level rise: ~ 3 feet (preliminary estimate from ICRG)

5. Carbon sequestration: 724 ton carbon per year

Prospects of Growth in farmers’ income

Source Proposed Intervention Contribution towards increase in income

Department support

7 years % 10 years %

Irrigation (leading to increase in crop intensity)

Check dam, canal renovation,farm pond, LIS etc.

3.4 4.9 MGNREGA

Livestock value added

High breed/cross breed livestock, animal sheds

10.8 16.6 MGNREGA and Animal Husbandry

Crop diversification Vegetable, mushroom 5 7.3 ITDP, Agriculture, OLM

Non-farmoccupation

Agarbati, badi making etc

13.4 19.6 OLM

Total 32.6 48.4

Source: NITI Ayog paper

Model Village 2Model Village Name Pondi

District Koriya

Block Sonhat

Gram Panchayat Pondi

Villages in the GP Parihat, Pondi and Amhar

Location and Topography of Model villages

District- Koriya, Block – Sonhat, GP + Village - Pondi

Hilly Village from Northern CG of Chhattisgarh

Source: Google Earth Pro

Source: Google Maps

Socio-Economic Profile of Model village

Total No of Households 244

Total Population of Village 858

Sex Ratio 959

Scheduled Caste HHs 70 (28% HHs)

Scheduled Tribe HHs 154 (63% HHs)

Number of Deprived HHs 225 ( 92% HHs)

Source: Chhattisgarh Census Report, 2011 and SECC 2011

Pondi is a tribal village and comes under PESA (The Provisions of the Panchayats) area

Deprivation and vulnerable HHs

Source: Chhattisgarh Census Report, 2011 and SECC 2011

19%

66%

15%

Main Source of Livelihood

Cultivation

Manual CasualLabourOthers 13

18

10

3

44

Count 3

Count 4

Count 5

Count 6 & 7

3 or more count

0 10 20 30 40 50

Multiple Deprivation

Number of HHs

Village Profile

Parameters Data (in ha)

Total Geographical Area 283.76

Forest Area 13.46

Permanent Pastures and Other Grazing Land Area

26.11

Current Fallows Area 28.21

Net Area Sown 182.68

Area Irrigated 1.39 (0.7%)

Source: SECC 2011

5%9%

64%

10%

12%

Land Use Pattern

Forest area

Grazing land

Net swonArea

Fallow Land

Other

Climate Projection

Exposure 2021-2050 1984-2014

ExposureState classes

Block actual

Block ranking

State classes

Block actual

Block ranking

Drought (JJAS rainfall, coefficient of variation, %)

H: >3718.3 L

H: >3724 M

L: <30 L: <30

Flood (no. of rainfall events >100 mm/day)

H: >2432 H

H: >244 L

L: <15 L: <15

Source: ICRG study

Water Budgeting

Village Wise Water Budgeting (Ha.M)

S.N. Village PondiVolume

(Ha.M)

1 Water for Agriculture (Assuming Double Cropping) 42

2 Water for Animal & Humans 2.8

3 Total water required (1+2) 44.8

4 Available run-off from rain water 33.9

5 Harvested Runoff from Water Harvesting Activities 6.6

6 Water deficiency/Surplus (5-3) -38.2

7Water can/to be harvested to meet up the requirement (75 % of available

run-off -harvested run-off) (D77*75/100-D78)18.8

8 Available discharge water at exit (4-5) 27.3

• The model plan currently harvests 68% of the water that can be harvested to meet up the requirement. • As available runoff is 18.8 Ha m and the water deficiency is 38.2 Ham, In spite of harvesting all the runoff,

19.4 Ha m is still deficient for ensuring 100% double cropping by surface runoff.

Bio-Physical Layers of village

• Majority of the land in categorized as a private land. Government land are at the periphery of the village boundary.

• The village has first and second order stream and two distinct drain line are visible that has oulets at the end of southern part of the village.

• The village is covered with the forest land towards the northern and eastern part of the village. Most of the first order stream originates from the forest land. Village settlement is at the center of the village. Majority of the village is crop land. There are no visible wasteland.

Cadastral map over the satellite image Drainage map over the satellite image Land use and land cover map over the satellite image


• There is a fracture zone in the northern part of the village and has good potential for ground water recharge.

• The ground water potential for the village is water table is less than 30m deep with discharge of 200-400 LPM in the central part of the village. In the outer part of the village, the water table is between 30-80m with discharge of 50-100 LPM.

• CLART application output shows that the most of the village is under the moderate recharge zone. This area is good for recharge and sustainable use of the subsurface ground water primarily through dugwells.

Lineament map over the satellite image Groundwater prospects map over the satellite image CLART Map of the village


• The northen part of village has elevations in the range of 740m to 800m from msl. The southern part is less elevated compared to the northern part.

• Sheet erosion is observed near the forest area primarily in the small patches of northern, southern and eastern part.

• The complete village can be divided into 4 micro catchment areas. Major catchment area lies towards the north west part that drains towards south. The catchment in the eastern part also drains towards the southern part. These micro catchments help in select ion of NRM works that relate to water harvesting and soil erosion control measures.

Contour map of the villageErosion map over the satellite image Micro catchment area map of the village

All Existing & Proposed works in Pondi Village

Existing works of the village Proposed new NRM works of the village

Dug well-4Farm Pond-24 proposed +26 additional to harvest 60% runoffNADEP with Machan system -630-40 model- 19 ha

Livelihoods Mapping

1.48%5.93%

61.11%

31.48%

Bigfarmer Landless Marginal SamallFarmer

Percentage

• The analysis of the data also suggested that majority (greater than 61%) of farmers are marginal.

• Almost 31% of the households are categorized as small and semi-medium.• About 6% of the households are landless. • 2% of the farmers are categorized as big farmers

Source: Primary survey

Livelihoods Mapping

95%

5%

0%

88%

11%

1%

94%

6%

0%

Agriculture

Labour

Job

Prim

aryIncomeSource

OtherBackwardCaste

ScheduledTribe

ScheduledCaste

• 54% and 41% of the ST farmers belong to marginal to medium category farmers

• 74% and 15% of SC farmers are marginal and medium farmers.

• Agriculture predominates the livelihoods of majority (greater than 90%) of the village households.

• Labour constitutes 11% of the primary source of income for the scheduled tribe households

Source: Focus Group Discussion

Income source for Marginal and Small Farmers

49.3%

14.5%

8.7%

20.3%

7.2%

Agriculture

CasualLabouron-farm

CasualLabouroff-farm

MGREGA

NTFP

YearlyIncome%

65.4%

10.3%

7.7%

11.5%

Agriculture

CasualLabouron-farm

CasualLabouroff-farm

MGREGA

YearlyIncome%Marginal Farmer Small Farmer

Marginal Farmers-• The major source of income (around 50%)

is from agriculture, followed by MGNREGA labour (20%).

• Around 7% of the annual income is derived from NTFP product.

• The average annual income is around Rs69,000.

Small Farmers-• The major source of income (around 65%) is

from agriculture. • Casual labour on -farm, non-farm and

MGNREGA contributes to around 10%, 7% and 12% each of their total yearly income.

• The average annual income is around Rs78,000.

Source: Focus group discussion

Livelihoods strengthening and Income Improvement

Livelihoods Strengthening and Income Improvement

Agriculture Improvement Permissible Work Under MGNREGA Livelihoods Support from Other Programs

Net irrigation facilities and irrigation

efficiency

Farm Pond and Dug Wells at Individual level Linkages with CREDA for solar pump and

linkages with PMKSY for drip and sprinkler

systems to increase the irrigation efficiency

Land productivity enhancements 30-40 model, farm bunding and land

development

Linkages with Forest department for

boundary plantation and row plantation

Use of quality seeds and other inputs Farm Pond and Dug Wells at Individual level Quality seeds distribution with linkages from

NMSA, BGREI, NFSM, RKVY

Training on improved package and

practices (POP) and Integrated

nutrient and pest management

Farm Pond and Dug Wells at Individual level Linkages with KVK for training on improved

agriculture practices and farm demonstration

On farm Livelihoods Improvement

Vegetable cultivation Dug well with NADEP compost pit and

Machan system

Likages with CREDA for solar pumps.

Linkages with KVK for training on POP

Fisheries (hatcheries) Fish rearing pond Linkages with fisheries department for

fingerlings

Consistent plan and work under

MGNREGA

Farm pond, 30-40 Model, and community

pond (Year round MGNGREA work for

vulnerable communities)

Livelihoods strengthening and Income Improvement

Livelihoods Strengthening and Income Improvement

Off farm –Livelihood

Improvement

Permissible Work Under

MGNREGA

Livelihoods Support from Other

Programs-Convergence

Mushroom cultivation Mushroom shed at Individual level Training on mushroom cultivation by KVK

Poultry rearing Poultry shed at individual level Training of poultry by animal husbandry

department

Goat rearing Goat Shed at individual level Training of goat rearing by animal

husbandry department

Forest based livelihoods

Promotion

Plantation focus of NTFP

development

Plantation of NTFP plants Training on horticulture practices from

horticulture & tribal department

NTFP grading and value chain NFTP Godown and store house Tribal department

Lac and honey development Plantation of Kusum, Ber and plash

for lac

Training on lac and honey processing by

KVK, tribal dept and SRLM

Interventions for poorest of the poor and marginalized

Vulnerable HH Interventions through MGNREGA

Women headed HH NTFP development through MGNREGA plantation, Poultry Shed, Goat Shed and Dug wells for individual households

PWD Goat Shed udner MGNREGA and year round MGNREGA wage works

ST < 2 acres of land Net Irrigation development by Dug wells, Land improvement measures-Farm Bunding, Off farm activities – Mushroom shed and Goat ShedOn farm activities – Vegetable promotion-dug wells,NADEP and machan system

Landless wage labor Community Pond-Fish farming; Maiantanance works for plantation in government land, minimum 150 days employment in MGNREGA, NTFP development by plantation under MGNREGA

Feasibility Analysis

A. Total Budget (proposed) for MGNREGA Infrastructure: Rs. 1.23 crore

B. Estimated Annual Labour Budget: 332 (No. of active job cards in the village) * 100 (person days) * 174 (current daily wage rate) = Rs. 57,76,800

C. Estimated Annual NRM Budget Allocation: =Rs. 69,32,160 (20% of the additional allocation is to be spent on material costs involved in implementing the NRM works)

D. Time to Implement Action Plan = ~2 years

Estimated Outcomes

A. NRM/Climate Outcome

1. Number of households with increased resilience: 88 Direct and 207 indirect beneficiaries.

2. Domestic public expenditure on climate change (with 10% convergence amount): Rs. 1.35 crore.

3. Water harvesting capacity increased 6.6 HaM to 12.9 Ha M4. 129 Ha paddy field will have assured life saving irrigation during dry

spell5. Irrigation support to 42 Ha through harvesting and recharge of water6. Increase in area under net irrigation 18 Ha7. 19 ha of land to be treated with erosion control measures;8. Plantation area to be increased by 17 ha; 9. Carbon sequestration: 2.05*67 = 137.35 t/year

Various sources of Increase in farmer’s income

Source Proposed Intervention Contribution towards increase in Income

Department Support

7 years % 10 years %

Irrigation (leading to increase in

cropping intensity)

Dug well, farm pond, Nadep 3.4 4.9 MGNREGA

Improvement in resource use

efficiency

Micro irrigation systems 16.7 25.0 PMKSY - All beneficiaries with dugwell or

pond can take up low cost drip

Crop Productivity Area under improved land quality, seed

quality, fertilizer (NMSA/NFSM), integrated

nutrient and pest management

16.7 25.0 MGNREGA and Agriculture (NMSA/NFSM)

Livestock value added Goat Shed

Polutry Shed

10.8 16.6 MGNREGA linked with Animal Husbandry

Department

Crop diversification Area under vegetable farming 5 7.3 Machan NADEP to be provided by

MGNREGA and seeds and inputs from

Agriculture department

Total 52.6 78.8

Source: NITI Ayog

Thank You

climate smart model village

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