climatic effects on production and quality of bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus) inger martinussen 1,...
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CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF BILBERRIES (VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS)
Inger Martinussen1, Jens Rohloff2, Eivind Uleberg1, Olavi Junttila3, Anja Hohtola4, Laura Jaakola4 and Hely Häggman4
Effect of light conditions and temperature on production and quality
• 12 ◦C, 24 h light• 12 ◦C, 24 h light + red
light• 12 ◦C, 12 h light• 18 ◦C, 24 h light• 18 ◦C, 24 h light + red
light• 18 ◦C, 12 h light
• 2 Northern clones• 2 Southern
clones
Production at 12◦C
28 30 35 38 43 49 52 56 630
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
12◦C, 24 h light with addition of red light
S1
S2
N1
N2
Ber
ry w
eig
ht
(g)
28 30 35 38 43 49 52 56 630
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
12◦C, 24 h lightS1
S2
N1
N2
Ber
ry w
eig
ht
(g)
28 30 35 38 43 49 52 56 630
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
12◦C, 12 h light S1
S2
N1
N2
Ber
ry w
eig
ht
(g)
Production at 18◦C
28 30 35 38 43 49 52 56 630
5
10
15
20
25
18◦C, 24 h light S1
S2
N1
N2
Ber
ry w
eig
ht
(g)
28 30 35 38 43 49 52 56 630
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
18◦C, 24 h light + red lightS1
S2
N1
N2
Ber
ry w
eig
ht
(g)
28 30 35 38 43 49 52 56 630
5
10
15
20
25
18◦C, 12 h light S1
S2
N1
N2
Ber
ry w
eig
ht
(g)
Berries are sweeter at low temperature (P=0.000 for clone and temp)
12
C 2
4t
12
C 2
4t
12
C 2
4t+
R
12
C 2
4t+
R
12
C 1
2t
12
C 1
2t
18
C 2
4t
18
C 2
4t
18
C 2
4t+
R
18
C 2
4t+
R
18
C 1
2t
18
C 1
2t
North
South
North
South
North
South
North
South
North
South
North
South
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
% s
ug
ars
Higher content of acids at low temperature (P=0.000 for clone and temp, P=0.011 for light)
12
C 2
4t
12
C 2
4t
12
C 2
4t+
R
12
C 2
4t+
R
12
C 1
2t
12
C 1
2t
18
C 2
4t
18
C 2
4t
18
C 2
4t+
R
18
C 2
4t+
R
18
C 1
2t
18
C 1
2t
North
South
North
South
North
South
North
South
North
South
North
South
0
1
2
3
4
5
% a
cid
s
Total phenolic content higher in Northern clones (P=0.001)
12
C 2
4t
12
C 2
4t
12
C 2
4t+
R
12
C 2
4t+
R
12
C 1
2t
12
C 1
2t
18
C 2
4t
18
C 2
4t
18
C 2
4t+
R
18
C 2
4t+
R
18
C 1
2t
18
C 1
2t
North South
North South
North South
North South
North South
North South
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
To
tal p
he
no
ls (
mg
/10
0g
)
Compound Temp Light Clone T*C L*CMalic acid *** ** ***Citric acid **Quinic acid *** *** *** *Fructose *** ***Glucose *** ***Sucrose *** ***Chiro-inositol ** *** ***Myo-inositol *** *** **Ascorbic acid **Gallic acid **Catehin *** *** ** *Epigallocatechin
* ***
Cetechin derivates
*** ***
Chlorogenic acid
*** *** *** ***
QuercetinTotal phenols ***Sugars % *** ***Acids % *** ** ***
Summary • At 12◦C the two Northern clones produced ripe berries 5 weeks after pollination, while the two Southern clones needed an extra two weeks to ripening.
• At 18◦C both the Northern and Southern clones had ripe berries from 5 weeks after pollination
• Berries produced at 12C had significantly higher % of sugars (sucrose, fructose and glucose), phenolic acids and total phenols than berries produced at 18C
• Breeding material should be selected based on evaluation of results achieved from the health benefit compounds of bilberry clones
• Environmental effects on berry quality will open the door for breeding specific clones for specific regions.
Thank you!
• Kirsten Jakobsen• Hermod Nilsen• Svein Erik Olsen• Nordic Innovation
Centre• Norwegian
Research Council