clingendael annual report 2015clingendael annual report 2015 clingendael research the research...

ClingendaelAnnual Report 2015

ClingendaelAnnual Report 2015

June 2016

June 2016

Cover photo: Solidarity march (Marche Republicaine) in the streets of Paris January 11 2015 after the terrorist attacks. Source: © European External Action Service/flickr.com

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About the Clingendael InstituteThe Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ aims to enhance and deepen knowledge and opinion shaping on issues related to international affairs.The Institute realizes this objective through its research, training and consultancy for national and international parties. The Institute publishes reports and policy briefs, holds numerous conferences and publishes the digital magazine Internationale Spectator. Every year Clingendael offers a wide spectrum of courses and programmes, training hundreds of diplomats, civil servants, and other professionals from all over the world.

For further info, please view: www.clingendael.nl

The Clingendael Institute P.O. Box 930802509 AB The HagueThe Netherlands

Tel: +31 (0)70 324 5384 Email: [email protected]: @clingendael83LinkedIn: The Clingendael Institute

Lay-out: Textcetera, The Hague

© Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’.

http://www.clingendael.nl

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Contents

Introduction 6

About the Clingendael Institute 9

Board of Governors 11

Clingendael Advisory Council on Research and Training (CAROO) 12

Clingendael Research 13

Introduction 13European Integration 14Europe in the World 16Security 17Process of International Negotiations (PIN) Programme 19International Centre for Counter Terrorism – The Hague (ICCT) 19Conflict and Fragility (Conflict Research Unit) 20

Clingendael Academy 23

Some 2015 Facts and Figures 23Diplomatic Training 25A selection of Diplomatic Courses for Young Professionals 25Continuation of Existing Programmes 26Programmes for Mid-career Diplomats 27Programmes for Senior Diplomats 28International Security and Conflict Issues 32

Internationale Spectator 34

Corporate Staff 36

Communication 36Human Resources 36Finances 37

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Annexes 38

A: Overview of Publications 38B: Overview of Courses 51C: Overview of Events 55D: Overview of Media Appearances 60

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Introduction

As in previous years, the Clingendael Institute’s activities in 2015 moved in time with developments in world politics. In tune with the Institute’s main organisational structure, the Research department and Clingendael Academy managed well with the real world’s driving events.

First, our Research department covered a good deal of the demands rising from a more turbulent world: The crisis in the European Union and the deteriorating stability of its border regions, the trend towards a multipolar world order with its unsettling consequences for vested mechanisms of diplomacy, arms control, and the provision of global public goods were covered by the knowledge clusters of Europe, Security, and Global Governance respectively.

Our subunit CRU (Conflict Research Unit) continued to conduct widely acknowledged research in the field of deep conflict sources and state fragility, as did the joint ICCT-unit in the field of counter terrorism (especially rule of law and preventive oriented strategies).

Second, Clingendael Academy successfully covered this turbulence caused by global affairs in the training and educational field. An increasing number of countries are making firm plans to play an independent role in a competitive international environment by either sending legions of aspirant diplomats abroad for training and acquiring political skills, or setting up their own diplomatic academies. In both regards, Clingendael Academy offers courses and capacity-building, leading to record numbers (>1000) from record countries and organisations (>130 nationalities) in 2015 receiving a Clingendael certificate.

Third, Clingendael’s public outreach is an important intrinsic activity, feeding the public and expert debate in international affairs. It is also an important marketing tool for Clingendael in a world where visibility and authoritative presence are taken into consideration in the awarding of contracts.

While Clingendael is always planning ahead with detailed budget plans, it is always a challenge for Clingendael to be prepared for the unknowns. Though the ‘labels’ Europe, security and terrorism are broad categories, and in that sense ‘predictable’ terms, throughout Europe real events occur which cannot be foreseen, yet do require a flexible response from our staff. In such cases, a wider ring of Clingendael fellows and associates may step in, and eventually the network of consultants and fellow think tanks can be tapped to fill blanks. As an example: 2015 was a year in which mass

Ko Colijn General Director

Source: Studio Oostrum, The Hague

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Clingendael Annual Report 2015

migration burst in upon Europe and made great demands that Clingendael was not readily attuned to, but the Institute’s response was good under the circumstances. As always, this duality of known and unknown demands forms a considerable challenge for Clingendael, which at the end of 2014 had grown to some 100 employees, but for which it is impossible to address all international events. As a third function, Clingendael provides information and facilitates public debate on international affairs, and is widely consulted by the media (radio, TV, journals, online, and various public and private events) - hundreds of times each year.

Looking at international rankings of research institutes, Clingendael managed in keeping up with world politics. The University of Pennsylvania’s McGann list of ‘Top Think Tanks Worldwide’ ranked Clingendael 17th within West Europa (46th worldwide) and 45th in terms of its public outreach. Clingendael acknowledges a slight decline here, especially in the subcategories of Western European think tanks, foreign policy, and use of media. The Institute still observes a slight increase in recognition as a defence think tank, but overall concludes that ‘international visibility’ has to be worked on. As an explanation, some core research reports had explicitly been ordered in Dutch by main customers, to the detriment of the visibility factor internationally – a precondition Clingendael is not likely to afford any longer. As a think tank, we appreciate assessments based on external benchmarks. However, we also try to consolidate and strengthen our position and work as a think tank on the basis of selfcriticism and a constant search for ways to improve the services we provide.

Nearing 2017, when Clingendael will transform into a near-market oriented organization, and its think-tank base funding will be reduced, quality of the products and services we provide will be an essential if not decisive factor in retaining existing clients and attracting new ones. Changes in the landscape of clients and the conditions for work urge for steady if not improved ratings, honest self-assessments, and greater efficiency and innovation.

Clingendael output continues to shift towards more modern, policy-relevant products. In 2015, the post-2016 dialogue with the MFA resulted in a broad, but not yet complete, outline of the future of the Institute: The ministry is willing to finance a think tank on a much smaller basis and clearly operating outside the realm of market-based contracts. In the think-tank mode, Clingendael is expected to maintain a targeted public outreach function, and act as a periscope for over-the-horizon developments. For the main part, however, Clingendael products will be delivered in a competitive market to a wide range of customers.

Likewise, in the field of education and training, what is in demand is more customization, shorter delivery times for rapidly emerging needs, and more emphasis on the skills the modern diplomat is expected to master. Recalling the annual report of 2014, apart from standard products, this implies a capacity of delivering (on short notice) negotiation

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training for future diplomats from fragile states and/or states in civil war, as well as further training for diplomats in new fields like mediation techniques or cyber diplomacy.

As to the outreach function of Clingendael, statistics also illustrate our standing as a thriving institution: in 2015, over 140 courses were organised for some 2,400 participants. In addition, over thirty events were organised, both in the Netherlands and abroad, with Clingendael staff in the role of organizer, co-host or contributor to the programme. The number of visits to Clingendael’s website has grown significantly by 73.822 visits. In 2015, there were 335.659 visits counted, with 892.000 number of pages visited. The number of ‘consults’ by Clingendael staff varied between two to more than 15 on a daily basis. Clingendael staff output resulted in 284 registered publications online and in print in 2015. The weekly Clingendael Newsletter counted more than 4,400 subscribers by the end of the year. 2015 was the first year of the digital edition of Clingendael’s magazine, Internationale Spectator, and it successfully reached more than 2,550 subscribers.

2015 was not only a favourable year for research and training performance, but in financial terms as well: Clingendael ended the year with a significantly better balance than what was budgeted. On the one hand, this is welcome news because it allows Clingendael to increase its reserves - something the Institute has always pursued with a view to possible future obligations related to (statutory) payments in less prosperous times. The positive result is due to a combination of factors: The budget is calculated with prudence, while the final net results in 2015 were higher than estimated and actual costs of staff lagged behind portfolio income growth due to a ‘recruitment gap.’

Clingendael is determined to defend its status as ‘the leading Dutch foreign-policy think tank’ (The Economist, summer 2014) in 2016. Our manifold activities can of course not be spelled out here, not even in the more elaborate sections following, but can be constantly followed on our website, www.clingendael.nl and/or on a weekly basis via our free Clingendael Newsletter.

Ko ColijnGeneral Director

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About the Clingendael Institute

The Clingendael Institute is housed in the beautiful, partly 17th century, country manor

‘Huys Clingendael’. Source: Clingendael.

The Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ aims to enhance and deepen knowledge and discussion on issues related to international affairs. The Institute realises this objective through its research, training and consultancy for national and international parties. The Institute publishes reports and policy briefs, holds numerous conferences and publishes a weekly newsletter and the online magazine Internationale Spectator. Every year Clingendael offers a wide spectrum of courses and programmes, training hundreds of diplomats, civil servants, and other professionals from all over the world.

Clingendael is an independent institute, and as such, not affiliated with any political, social, or religious movement. As a neutral platform, the Institute is the ideal location for conferences and round tables, with the primary objective of enhancing the public debate on international affairs.

The Institute holds a vast global network of think tanks, academies, NGOs, the diplomatic corps, and other relevant institutions.

http://www.clingendael.nlhttp://www.internationalespectator.nlhttp://www.internationalespectator.nl

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Clingendael ResearchThe Research department mainly focuses on topics in the field of European Affairs, Security, Conflict and Fragility, and Global Issues. Clingendael Research acts in an advisory capacity to the Dutch government, parliament, national and international public organisations, and the media. The results of its research are disseminated through publications, conferences, lectures, and appearances in Dutch and foreign media.

Clingendael AcademyClingendael Academy develops and organises a broad range of courses and training programmes, varying from open registration courses to tailor-made programmes for specific audiences. The training programmes aim to enhance knowledge and skills on topics such as Europe and the European Union, security and conflict management, diplomacy and negotiation techniques, and capacity building.

Platform for KnowledgeThe Clingendael Institute is housed in a beautiful, partly-17th-century, country manor house, which is surrounded by a park; a wonderful location where participants from all over the world can take part in events and training programmes.

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Board of Governors

Name Function

Dr. B.H. (Bernard) Bot

Prof. Dr. P.F. (Paul) van der Heijden (per 1 March 2015)

Former minister of Foreign Affairs, partner of Meines Holla (till 1 March 2015) / Prof. Dr. P. F. (Paul) van der Heijden – President Emeritus Leiden University and Professor in International Law, Leiden Law School (per 1 March 2015) – Chairman

Lt Gen. (ret.) M.L.M. (Marcel) Urlings Former Commander-in-Chief, Royal Netherlands Army -Vice-Chairman, member of the Advisory Council on Interna-tional Affairs.

A. (Arjan) Buteijn, RA Partner at Dubois & Co, Register Accountants – Treasurer

Ms. M. (Maria) Henneman, MA Director/Owner, Maria Henneman Media Management BV

Dr L.J. (Renk) Roborgh Member of various supervisory boards on education

D.P. (Dick) Scherjon, MA Advisor to the board of Rabobank Nederland; Colonel in the Reserves

H.H. (Hugo) Siblesz, MA Former Director-General for Political Affairs, DGPZ-MFA; former Dutch Ambassador in Paris

Ms. W.M.E. Thomassen, LLM

Ms. A. Ch. (Andrée) van Es, MA (per 1 May 2015)

Former Judge of the European Court of Human Rights; international expert of the Council of Europe (till 1 May 2015) / Ms. A.Ch. (Andrée) van Es, MA – former MP and alderman of Amsterdam, chairman of the Netherlands National Commission for UNESCO (per 1 May 2015)

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Clingendael Advisory Council on Research and Training (CAROO)

Name Function

E. (Eimert) van Middelkoop Former Dutch Minister of Defence / Chairman

Ms. Dr W. (Wendy) Asbeek Brusse Director Policy and Operations Evaluation Department / Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Prof. N.M. (Niels) Blokker Professor of Public International Law, Leiden University

Prof. M. (Monica) den Boer Professor of Comparative Public Administration, Free University Amsterdam / VU

B. (Bert) Bruning Managing Director, Atradius

Dr N. (Nikolaos) van Dam Ambassador; Special Envoy for Syria

C. (Carlos) Estarippa Owner, Estarippa Consultancy

B. (Bas) Pulles Director of International Programmes, Netherlands Enterprise Agenda / RVO

Ms. B. (Barbara) Rutgers Department of International Affairs, ING

H. (Hidde) van der Veer Manager, Carnegie Consult

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Clingendael Research

Introduction

Clingendael Research constitutes the analysis pillar of the Institute. The focus of the Research department activities cuts across a wide range of topics, countries, and regions and is geared towards analysing the complex and dynamic challenges of international politics and security. The objective is to assist national, multilateral, and non-governmental organisations in identifying options for addressing these challenges. Given its key position in the Dutch think-tank landscape, Clingendael pays special attention to Dutch responses to these challenges in the international context. To achieve its objectives, Clingendael Research works with a team of more than 40 in-house analysts and a broad international network of experts (associates and non-resident visiting fellows).

The product portfolio of the research department includes an independent research agenda and contracted (consultancy) work that consists of policy research, risk analysis, evaluations, policy advice, convening, and outreach in terms of media commentaries and appearances. In 2015, the department started to focus on developing new products for the business community, such as macro-risk analysis and analysing the impact of China’s ‘New Silk Road.’ Based on positive feedback on these initiatives, 2016 will be used to enhance these activities and to broaden and deepen the relationship with the business community.

Whilst the work of Clingendael Research can best be described as interdisciplinary, the department is organised on the basis of four thematic profiles: European Affairs, Security, Conflict and Fragility, and Global Issues. All thematic profiles are covered by separate teams, such as the Conflict Research Unit. Terrorism is covered by the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague (ICCT). This is a collaboration of the Clingendael Institute with the T.M.C. Asser Institute and Leiden University’s Centre for Terrorism and Counter Terrorism (The Institute of Global Affairs). In addition, the Institute also hosts the Processes of International Negotiations (PIN) Programme.

In 2015, Clingendael took several steps to enhance its position as the leading Dutch think tank on international affairs. In its advisory capacity, it executed some fifty projects varying from evaluations to analyses of developments in an increasingly complex world. Thanks to its growing online presence, the Institute again reached a vast audience with some 250 publications, more than 200 media appearances, and more than 350 quotes from Clingendael analysts published in articles. These figures demonstrate the extent to which Clingendael research contributes to the wider public discourse on international affairs.

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European Integration

At the beginning of 2015, all tough political discussions in the EU took place under the headings of ‘euro crisis’ and included a possible ‘Grexit.’ Gradually, new crises appeared such as ‘Brexit’ and the refugee crisis. At the end of 2015, when the Dutch presidency took over, the EU was stumbling over difficulties related to its institutional setup, political support, and seemingly insurmountable policy challenges. Clingendael, as the Dutch EU think tank, has been closely involved in the related developments in the Netherlands, Brussels, and elsewhere in the EU.

In relation to the EU’s institutional developments, policy papers have been written on a ‘third way’ to deepen European integration. The euro and the refugee crises suggest that there is no alternative (TINA); centralization appears inevitable. Others fear or preach the opposite; the demise of the EU. Our policy papers and other publications have shown that the EU’s crises are mostly caused by weak member states. It is, to a large extent, these nations’ weaknesses that the EU tries to solve at EU level via steps towards federalization; ‘Integration by Default.’ Hence, deeper integration now seems to be more about the addressing of symptoms rather than causes. Presentations on how to diagnose and strengthen member states instead of the EU have been given in the bilateral strategy discussions between France and the Netherlands and at several EU-think-tank meetings. In addition, institutional (academic) publications have appeared on the growing role of the European Parliament in the eurozone, and the (limited) value of yellow, orange, and possibly red cards in a system that would allow for national parliaments to potentially block unwanted EU laws.

Regarding policies, projects and papers have been organised and written concerning the EU budget, social policy, and the quality of rule of law in member states. In the lead-up to the evaluation of the current EU financial framework, Clingendael wrote a background paper on ‘financial flexibility’ for the presidency in view of persistent unemployment and new financial obligations, for example, those stemming from the refugee crisis. With respect to ‘social policy,’ Clingendael produced publications on the viability of the Dutch plans to address ‘unfair’ competition on the labour markets (the ‘Asscher-agenda’). Rule of law became an increasingly important theme with statements made, for example, by the Hungarian premier Órban and the actions of the newly elected PiS (Law and Justice) government in Poland. The Clingendael paper on the quality of rule of law, which is in preparation, makes the distinction between the tip of the iceberg (political appointees, e.g. in the Constitutional Court in Poland) and the large number of less-visible, but equally relevant, rule-of-law institutions that make up a member state and for which there is very little attention from the EU. Our conclusion is that the EU pays far too little attention to the weaknesses of the member states. The weaknesses of national institutions is still a taboo in the EU.

http://www.clingendael.nl/publication/flexibility-eu-budget-are-there-limitshttp://www.clingendael.nl/sites/default/files/The_European_Asscher_agenda_Policy_Brief_Clingendael_nov_2015.pdfhttp://www.clingendael.nl/event/annual-conference-2015-knowledge-platform-security-rule-law?lang=nlhttp://www.clingendael.nl/sites/default/files/Flexibility in the EU Budget december 2015.pdfhttp://www.clingendael.nl/sites/default/files/The_European_Asscher_agenda_Policy_Brief_Clingendael_nov_2015.pdf

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In the run-up to the Dutch presidency, the EU project organised a two-day conference at the end of the year, gathering approximately forty think tanks from all over the EU. Apart from fostering pan-EU discussions on the current challenges facing the region, this conference allowed for in-depth discussions of the Dutch EU priorities. The programme included discussions on lessons from the euro crisis, ways out of the refugee crisis, the EU’s external challenges, and the EU after the Bataclan terrorist attack. Our activities have attracted considerable attention with publications on the Greek crisis and possible ‘Brexit’ resulting in a discussion in Dutch political interview programme, Buitenhof, among others. A lunch with the political apex of the Commission also took place to discuss the draft of Jean-Claude Juncker’s first State of the Union address in September 2015.

Dutch minister of Foreign Affairs Bert Koenders welcomed by Clingendael Europe expert Adriaan

Schout during the conference of European Think Tanks. Source: Nicole Romijn

http://www.clingendael.nl/event/koenders-challenges-and-chances-european-cooperation

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Europe in the World

The research and activities of the ‘EU in the World’ team focused on the EU’s neighbourhood and global issues agenda, its cooperation with strategic partners, the EU’s external representation in multilateral fora and trends in the organisation of EU diplomacy.

In the context of the increased level of tensions between the EU and Russia, activities were undertaken on the prospects of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). Against the backdrop of the review of the European Neighbourhood Programme, a seminar was convened on Eastern Partnership countries between the EU and Eurasia. Later in the year saw the publication of the high-profile Clingendael report From Competition to Compatibility: Striking a Eurasian balance in EU-Russia relations. This study analyses strategic options for the EU to deal with the EEU. It was presented in a seminar co-organised with the European Policy Centre in Brussels in early 2016.

Furthermore, the team continued research on the issue of how the EU could position itself in a changing world order, especially with regard to China. It organised with a number of partners the Asia-Europe Think Tank Dialogue, dedicated to analysing emerging trends and patterns in 21st-century world politics. How China’s increasing role as an influential actor in the field of global economic governance affects European interests, and the ability of European capitals to defend their interests. This was analysed in yet another high-impact report Europe’s Response to China’s Activism. The team also convened, in association with several partners, the 4th International Conference on Public Diplomacy in China-Europe Relations in October. In 2015, the team also published the report Towards Greater EU–Taiwan Economic Cooperation? This report assessed whether the EU should open talks on trade and investment with Taiwan, thereby paying special attention to China-Taiwan and EU-Taiwan relations.

Major contributions to the ongoing debate on the relevance and future of global public goods were made in the project Achieving green growth: the political economy of energy security. A video featuring several experts in the field of green growth and energy security outlined the project’s expectations, while at the same time stressing the urge to forge energy security objectives with a credible green-growth strategy. Research in 2015 particularly focused on Colombia, bringing forth a policy brief, EU and Colombia: Climate partnership beyond aid and trade, as well as a seminar addressing Winning coalitions for energy security and green growth in Colombia. In 2016, research carried out for the Climate and Development Knowledge Network will continue in Kenya and Indonesia. The report, Implications for Dutch foreign policy of international climate change, analysed whether Dutch foreign policies in the fields of development cooperation, foreign economic relations, and security are climate-proof.

http://www.clingendael.nl/event/seminar-eastern-partnership-countries-between-eu-and-eurasia?lang=nlhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/competition-compatibility-striking-eurasian-balance?lang=nlhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/competition-compatibility-striking-eurasian-balance?lang=nlhttp://www.clingendael.nl/event/striking-eurasian-balance-eu-russian-relations?lang=nlhttp://www.clingendael.nl/event/asia-europe-think-tank-dialogue?lang=nlhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/europes-response-chinas-activismhttp://www.clingendael.nl/event/4th-international-conference-public-diplomacy-china-europe-relationshttp://www.clingendael.nl/event/4th-international-conference-public-diplomacy-china-europe-relationshttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/towards-greater-eu%E2%80%93taiwan-economic-cooperation?lang=nlhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/towards-greater-eu%E2%80%93taiwan-economic-cooperation?lang=nlhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/achieving-green-growth-political-economy-energy-securityhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/achieving-green-growth-political-economy-energy-securityhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/video-messages-green-growth-and-energy-securityhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/eu-and-colombia-climate-partnership-beyond-aid-and-tradehttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/eu-and-colombia-climate-partnership-beyond-aid-and-tradehttp://www.clingendael.nl/event/winning-coalitions-energy-security-and-green-growth-colombiahttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/implications-dutch-foreign-policy-international-climate-change-effectshttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/implications-dutch-foreign-policy-international-climate-change-effects

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Another core theme in the 2015 agenda was the impact of the digital revolution on diplomacy. The report Diplomacy in the Digital Age amplified the importance of the digital age for ministries of foreign affairs and how these ministries can better deal with the effects of the digital age. The work resulted in numerous invitations to present key findings, for instance, at the Finnish Ministry of foreign affairs. Aside from digital diplomacy, the EU in the world team focused on cultural and EU public diplomacy, among other things, in the context of a workshop on European Diplomacy Outside Europe’s Borders.

The team also continued its work on the geopolitical dimension of EU trade policy. Together with the London-based Centre for European Reform (CER), an expert seminar was convened on The Strategic Impact of TTIP, and next year will see further activities in this field.

Security

The year 2015 was marked by a further deteriorating security environment in and around Europe, with the terrorist attacks in Paris on November 13 representing a particularly low point. For Clingendael this meant that many of our researchers were featuring often and prominently in the national and international media. Within days of the Paris events, a Clingendael-ICCT Policy Brief saw the light of day, in which the difficult task of providing security services to prevent terrorist acts from home-grown and returned ISIS recruits was analysed. This swift response by the Clingendael-ICCT team meant that the Dutch Parliament had the benefit of a draft version at its disposal to inform its emergency debate.

Just prior to the Paris events, the Clingendael Security Unit (in cooperation with ICCT and the Egyptian Al-Ahram Institute) organised an Advanced Research Workshop for NATO, titled (Counter-)terrorism in the post-Arab Spring Context. This highly successful event linked expertise from North Africa and Europe regarding counter-terrorism policies. The threat by ISIS and the mass refugee flows to the European Union’s borders is matched by the threat of an increasingly assertive Russia to its eastern borders. Clingendael devoted much attention to this issue, culminating in policy briefs and extensive reports: Containment 2.0. Living with the new East-West Discord and EU, Russia and the Quest for a New Security Bargain. The former Clingendael report was written by Chatham House’s James Sherr who also presented the study to a packed room at the The Hague Press Club.

The consequences for the EU and NATO of the multitude of hybrid, terrorist, mass migration, and conventional security threats were analysed in a well-received report called New Threats, New EU and NATO Responses. Preceding publication, a meeting on the topic was held in The Hague for around 150 participants. The report highlighted lessons for the Netherlands and was commissioned by the Ministry of Finances as a contribution to the Interdepartmental Policy Study on International Materiel Cooperation.

http://www.clingendael.nl/publication/diplomacy-digital-age-0?lang=nlhttp://www.clingendael.nl/news/diplomacy-digital-agehttp://www.clingendael.nl/event/expert-seminar-%E2%80%9C-strategic-impact-ttip%E2%80%9D?lang=nlhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/paris-111315-analysis-and-policy-optionshttp://www.clingendael.nl/event/expert-meeting-%E2%80%98counter-terrorism-post-arab-spring-context%E2%80%99http://www.clingendael.nl/publication/containment-20-living-new-east-west-discordhttp://www.clingendael.nl/event/containment-20-living-new-east-west-discord-0http://www.clingendael.nl/publication/eu-russia-and-quest-new-european-security-bargainhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/eu-russia-and-quest-new-european-security-bargainhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/new-threats-new-eu-and-nato-responses?lang=nlhttp://www.clingendael.nl/event/seminar-eu-and-nato-capacities-changing-worldhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/internationale-materieelsamenwerking

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In addition, there was considerable interest in investigating what could be learned from the Danish and Swedish practice of Multi-Year Defence Agreements. The Security Unit’s authors appeared in Parliament to present their study and a follow-on project was awarded by the Dutch Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defence. The Security Unit also hosted a brainstorm session to prepare policy-makers for the June 2015 European Council on defence. This was followed up by a report, Defence Matters: More Urgent than Ever.

The breadth of the security issues that the Security Unit is able to take on is illustrated by the variety of our work in 2015. Researchers published on issues as varied as cyber security, the EU as a security actor in Africa, economic vulnerability, deterrence against non-traditional security threats, the geopolitics of China’s silk road strategy and non- proliferation and disarmament. Much of this work is done as part of the Clingendael Monitor, as in-depth contributions to the Monitor or as a contribution to scenarios for the Ministry of Security & Justice and the National Coordinator on Terrorism and Security (NCTV).

“Whether it is about the consequences of climate change, international conflicts, the threat of terrorism or cyber crime; the impact of global developments on our national security is increasing. The clarification of these developments in the Clingendael Monitor is of great importance to the analyses of such threats in the National Security Profile”. Marcel Mennen, Senior advisor Analyst Network National Security, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) / Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport.

The broadness of our security approach is also reflected in the amount of partners we have cooperated with in 2015: The Centre for European Reform (on Brexit), the Egmont Institute (Luxembourg EU Presidency seminar), HCSS (International Materiel Cooperation), and TNO (Cyber).

Clingendael director Ko Colijn presents

the Clingendael Monitor to Dutch minister

of Defence Jeanine Hennis. Source:

Clingendael

http://www.clingendael.nl/publication/multi-year-defence-agreements-model-modern-defencehttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/defence-matters-more-urgent-everhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/defence-matters-more-urgent-everhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/signalling-foreign-policy-instrument-deter-cyber-aggressionhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/signalling-foreign-policy-instrument-deter-cyber-aggressionhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/eu-security-actor-africahttp://www.clingendael.nl/pub/2015/clingendael_monitor_2015_en/3_geopolitics_and_economic_vulnerability/http://www.clingendael.nl/publication/deterrence-security-concept-against-non-traditional-threatshttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/deterrence-security-concept-against-non-traditional-threatshttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/china-europe-and-maritime-silk-roadhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/china-europe-and-maritime-silk-roadhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/danger-proliferating-covert-cyber-operationshttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/danger-proliferating-covert-cyber-operationshttp://www.clingendael.nl/pub/2015/clingendael_monitor_2015_en/

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Process of International Negotiations (PIN) Programme

In 2015, the PIN Program – a subsection of Clingendael Research with an international Steering Committee – published Arab Spring, Negotiating in the Shadow of the Intifadat, and Preventing Deadly Conflict, a PIN-related publication. The Steering Committee published two issues of PINpoints Magazine (#41 and #42) and two PIN Policy Briefs. PIN started the preparation of new negotiation books on ‘closure’ and ‘Eurasia.’ It continued its work on ‘reconciliation’ and ‘focal points’ in negotiation processes. ‘Roadshows’ were held in Madrid, Centinje, and Koblenz, and a ‘Policy Lab’ at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands in The Hague.

International Centre for Counter Terrorism – The Hague (ICCT)

2015 was an important year for ICCT. A new five-year subsidy agreement with the Netherlands government was signed in April. Throughout the year, ICCT’s activity portfolio expanded significantly, covering policy-relevant analysis, advice, and implementation. A beginning was made to develop an evaluation capability, together with an eminent UK-based firm. Finally, preparations began for the transition of the Global Counterterrorism Forum’s Administrative Unit to ICCT.

With the adoption of the new five-year strategy, ICCT’s business model shifted from a fully subsidized project to a self-financing institution. In 2015, with counter-terrorism fast becoming a global political priority, ICCT succeeded in positioning itself as an internationally reputed ‘think and do tank,’ attracting new contracts from governments and multilateral agencies (UN, EU, NATO), and participating in various high-level conferences in Europe, Asia, and the U.S. on counter-terrorism. Memorandums of understanding were signed with the Global Center for Cooperative Security, Hedayah, the Australian National University, and the Institut Tunisien pour les Etudes Stratégiques.

In terms of staffing, the ICCT (core) staff grew from four FTE to 5.6 FTE by adding a senior portfolio manager and a part-time finance officer, plus two interns. Extra resources were obtained to expand the staff contribution from Clingendael, the Asser Instituut, and the University of Leiden, including the part-time role of Research Coordinator. In addition, seven full-time staff members were recruited for the GCTF AU, and one non-resident visiting fellow for a research project on the financing of terrorism.

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Conflict and Fragility (Conflict Research Unit)

Clingendael’s Conflict Research Unit (CRU) conducts applied, policy-oriented research on the nexus between violent conflict, political transition, and inclusive development processes. By translating complex research questions into policy and programming advice, CRU aims to assist national and multilateral, governmental and non-governmental organisations in their efforts to develop and implement more effective policies and programming on stability, development, and rule of law in fragile and conflict-affected countries. Taking an integrated analysis of conflict dynamics and the broader political economy as the starting point for its work, research activities cover the full programme cycle; from conflict and context analysis, to programme design, to programme monitoring and adjustment, to programme evaluation, and finally the measuring of results. The CRU team consists of 16 researchers combining operational and policy experience with strong analytical skills, needed to cover the entire spectrum of investigative research, policy work, and programming support.

The year 2015 marked a dramatic and definite breach of the post-Cold War trend towards global stability. As a consequence, CRU’s services to increase the understanding of the dynamics of contemporary crisis and conflict are in high demand not only for identifying ways to address instability and mitigate its risks, but also to assess the merits of the existing arsenal of (post-)conflict instruments, and the conditions for those instruments to be effectively implemented.

An important pillar in CRU’s project portfolio is the continued working relationship with the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Through the Stability, Development, and Rule of Law Research Programme (2013–2016), CRU supports and further strengthens the work of the Ministry in the fields of peace, security, and development. Through the management of the Secretariat for the Knowledge Platform Security and Rule of Law – on behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in collaboration with the Hague Institute for Global Justice – CRU contributes to the enhancement of an exchange of knowledge between policy makers, practitioners, and researchers working on the strengthening of security and rule of law in fragile settings.

The partnership with the Dutch National Postcode Lottery (NPL) was strengthened as CRU received funding to conduct a research project on how to effectively contribute to the ending of sexual violence in conflict areas, in collaboration with UNICEF and

Sahel

Research and training programme in the Sahel 2014‑2015 Capturing results

Political economy of the

The Sahel Programme is supported by

Cover Sahel Magazine. Source: Clingendael

http://www.clingendael.nl/cru/http://www.kpsrl.org/http://www.clingendael.nl/node/6608

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Stichting Vluchteling. Furthermore, CRU finalised the Sahel Research programme that was started in 2014 with support from the NPL. Centring on Mali and its direct neighbourhood, this programme aimed to complement and strengthen the work done by other beneficiaries of the NPL active in the region. It has done so by providing them with analytical input and by sharing and discussing new insights into the formal and informal political and economic arrangements that underlie the region’s instability.

Other clients and partners that CRU provided services to in 2015 include: the European Commission; the World Bank Group’s International Finance Corporation; the International Development Law Organization; the Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre (NOREF); the UN Development Programme and the UN Peacebuilding Support Office; the OECD International Network on Conflict and Fragility (INCAF); other think tanks like the Overseas Development Institute and the Folke Bernadotte Academy; and non-governmental organisations like Cordaid and International IDEA.

A central component in all of CRU’s work is the conduct of country-specific political economy analysis to help guide the formulation and implementation of policies and programming of international actors – be they donor governments or aid organisations – in fragile and conflict-affected settings. In 2015, analyses focused on the ongoing crises in the Middle East and North-Africa region (including Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Libya) and the uprising of the Islamic State, as well as on the Sahel region (including Mali and an analysis of the stability challenges to the wider Sahel region). CRU also continued to work on the wider Horn of Africa (including the Central African Republic and South Sudan).

Other projects are organised along thematic lines, looking into various contemporary and emerging policy challenges. Under its Security & Justice line of work, for instance, for which CRU presented a five-year outline in 2015, the team conducted an examination of the drivers of security progress across a range of post-conflict contexts, as well as an analysis of divergent approaches to improving security and justice in South Sudan. CRU also continued to work on questions related to the effectiveness and efficiency of peacekeeping operations by contributing to the international debate on using greater force in UN peace operations, and by conducting a critical assessment of the peacekeeping and stabilization efforts in the Democratic Republic of Congo. CRU further strengthened its knowledge base on criminal justice issues by conducting an analysis of the organisation and performance of the penal process in Mali.

As part of its work on Politics & Crime, CRU continued to work on the exploration of new criminal powers and how to respond to changes in criminal patterns in a way that would emphasize the protection of democracy, good governance, and human welfare. CRU also finalised a project that explored the new wave of violent groups that defy the models of traditional armed conflict, which was started in 2014 in collaboration with the Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre (NOREF). Based upon the findings of a series of papers,

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the synthesis report points to the importance of understanding and addressing non-conventional armed violence through more flexible forms of mediation and reintegration for non-conventional armed groups, the redesign of humanitarian responses, and the implementation of novel controls over illicit flows connected to violent groups.

Finally, as part of its work on Private Sector Development & Peacebuilding, CRU continued to strengthen its partnership with the World Bank Group’s International Finance Corporation (IFC). In order to inform decisions about programmatic entry points and conflict risk mitigation strategies, CRU supports IFC in developing a private sector focused fragility and conflict assessment that can generate the real map of power and conflict dynamics in relation to the private sector. Furthermore, CRU presented innovative approaches to employment promotion in contexts of conflict, fragility, and violence, and started to explore the issue of informal economies in fragile settings. Acknowledging that conventional responses may not be suitable for fragile situations due to the particular challenges posed by the dynamics of fragility and conflict, CRU aims to support international development actors in the process of recalibrating their intervention strategies geared toward addressing economic informality in fragile contexts. Both issues will be further explored in 2016.

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Clingendael Academy

Clingendael Academy is one of the world’s largest independent, diplomatic academies. 2015 was for Clingendael Academy a year of growth, new opportunities, and consolidation. It was the most successful and fruitful year to date.

We once again expanded our diplomatic training with new projects for diplomats from Latin America and the Caribbean, West-Africa and the Sahel, and East-Africa. We started in earnest with our new facility, Negotiation Training as a Conflict Resolution Instrument, in which we organised 20 different training projects for groups in conflict and mediation. We trained almost 700 Dutch civil servants in preparation of the turn of the Netherlands in the seat of the rotating presidency of the EU in the first semester of 2016. We saw new partners for training such as ECOWAS, the National Postcode Lottery (Nationale Postcode Loterij), and the Emirates Diplomatic Academy, while renewing contracts, for example with the Netherlands Ministry of Defense for training Dutch military officers. Our open subscription courses saw a strong increase in participants with especially the International Security Course and the Course on International Relations performing well. We expanded on a more diversified portfolio by continuing to add training in international environmental issues, water diplomacy, trade diplomacy, and cyber security. Innovation continued at a relentless pace, adding new training approaches and methodologies, expanding our capacity to develop and design in-house simulation exercises and case studies, and to be able to train on all diplomatic skills. The Academy was engaged more extensively in international networking, by organising meetings with foreign diplomatic academies, alumni activities, incoming diplomatic visits, supporting young Dutch professionals in orientating towards an international career, and actively participating in international diplomatic networks.

Some 2015 Facts and Figures

In 2015 Clingendael Academy:• trained about 650 diplomats from 45 countries at its premises in The Hague.• trained a record number of 41 starting diplomats from the Netherlands in two

different training courses.• trained hundreds of diplomats on location in Indonesia, South-Africa, Costa

Rica, Malaysia, Georgia, Kosovo, Tunisia, Palestine, Belgium, and the United Arab Emirates.

• conducted 51 diplomatic training projects.• trained about 2500 other professionals in 48 projects, including almost 700 Dutch

civil servants for the EU rotating presidency.

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• continued its cooperation with Indonesia since 2003, and with South Africa since 1993.

• trained one-third of the Pakistan diplomatic service.• trained about 350 diplomats and other civil servants from Arab countries in

10 different training programmes.• continued as a training partner with the Dutch Ministry of Defense since 1983, and

in 2015 saw the contract renewed for another four years.• trained different Syrian groups in negotiation skills, including the Syrian Women

Initiative.• trained Women African Mediators both in South Africa and in a two-week

programme in The Hague.• celebrated the 70th edition of the Leergang Buitenlandse Betrekkingen (Course on

Foreign Relations/ LBB).

UN Special Coordinator for Lebanon Sigrid Kaag presenting the opening address on the occasion

of the 70th course on Foreign Relations (LBB). Source: Clingendael

The training at Clingendael normally lasts between one week and three months. On location, the sessions are between two and five days. The average evaluation score on the question, “How would you value the course as a whole?” is a 4.2 on a scale of 1–5.

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Diplomatic Training

To be effective, professionals involved in diplomacy need to: Build and maintain knowledge of the issues on which they are working; have insight into the institutional environment of diplomacy and the broader international context; and finally, have a set of practical skills. These range from international policy analysis, to international policy coordination, to effective international communication.

Clingendael diplomatic training begins with the daily practice of individual participants and determines their training needs from there. Diplomatic training is for: Young professionals starting out – or with only a few years of experience – in diplomacy; mid-career professionals taking on new responsibilities in policy coordination within their organisation, as well as with partners; and senior diplomats who work on strategic policy-making and policy communication, develop scenarios, manage missions, and participate in international public debates on behalf of their country. Each diplomat possesses and requires a different skill set. Our training programmes are targeted and structured accordingly.

A selection of Diplomatic Courses for Young Professionals

Clingendael Academy organised the following courses for young professionals in diplomacy:

We started new regional diplomatic training programmes for diplomats from Latin America and the Caribbean, and East-Africa.

Latin America and the CaribbeanDiplomats from Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, and Trinidad and Tobago came to The Hague to participate in a four-week training programme called ‘Enabling Closer Cooperation.’

East AfricaClingendael Academy received a diverse and broad group of junior diplomats from Eastern Africa. The participants came from Rwanda, South Africa, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius, Burundi, Seychelles, Tanzania, Uganda, and Somalia, as well as representatives of regional organizations like East African Community (EAC), African Union (AU), and the Inter-governmental Authority on Development (IGAD). In addition to lectures on themes such as cyber diplomacy, trends in international security, and developments in international political economics, substantial attention was devoted to diplomatic skills. In particular, negotiation, presentation skills, and policy briefing were addressed.

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Participants of the course for midcareer diplomats from West Africa and the Sahel during their visit to NATO in Brussels. Source: Clingendael

Continuation of Existing Programmes

In an intensive three-month training programme, participants in the ‘Klasje‘ commit to preparing themselves for their new job at the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). In 2015, once again, a group of 26 – 20 from the MFA and six from other ministries – engaged in this programme. In addition to the regular course, we also trained civil servants with a few years of experience at the MFA and other ministries in a month-long crash course on diplomacy. We also trained junior-level diplomats from the countries of South-Eastern Europe, Southern Caucasus, North Africa and the Middle East (2x), Palestinian Territories, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Pakistan, Central America and the Carribean, West-Africa, and East-Africa.

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Dutch junior diplomats with Foreign Minister Bert Koenders (front row, centre).

Source: Clingendael

Programmes for Mid-career Diplomats

Where the programmes for starting diplomats tend to focus on the basic elements and processes of working in foreign policy, our programmes for mid-career tend to focus on specific themes, such as:• West Africa and the Sahel

Diplomats from Burkina Faso, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal, together with a representative from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), participated in a four-week training programme called ‘Regional Cooperation, Peace, and Stability in West Africa and the Sahel.’ One of the main topics of this bilingual training programme was the utility of regional cooperation processes with regard to peace and stability.

• Policy Coordination for diplomats from Indonesia and a programme for ASEAN (with diplomats from Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and the ASEAN Secretariat).

• Strategic Policy Planning and Strategic Policy Communication for Afghanistan and ECOWAS.

• Specialised Diplomatic Training: ‘How to coperate with Brussels’ and ‘Trade and Economic Diplomacy’ for civil servants from the MENA region); ‘Blue diplomacy‘ for diplomats from South Africa; ‘Energy Diplomacy and development of natural

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resources’ (for Mozambique in cooperation with Clingendael International Energy Programme); ‘Water Diplomacy’ (for diplomats from North Africa and the Middle East, including countries with ongoing regional water disputes); ‘Agricultural Diplomacy‘ (for the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs’ DG on Agriculture) and ‘Cyber Diplomacy‘ (as a side event of the Global Conference on CyberSpace).

Programmes for Senior Diplomats

• Training for senior diplomats is much more focused on advanced skills training, reflection sessions, learning from one another, leadership skills, and management. Two examples of senior programmes that ran in 2015 were Indonesia and Kosovo.

Capacity building in Diplomatic Training and International AffairsIn capacity building, we share Clingendael Academy’s educational and management approach in coaching trainers and tutors to appreciate different ways of learning, to introduce interactive elements to their classes, and to explore integrated training as an attractive and often highly effective alternative. Focal points include: Designing and using interactive exercises; curriculum development; and institutional development. In 2015, we did capacity building for: The Foreign Service Academies of Bangladesh and Pakistan; MFAs and Diplomatic Training Centres of Central Asian Republics and Mongolia; The Centre for Education and Training of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia; The Training Department of the Department of International Relations and Cooperation of South Africa (DIRCO); The Bulgarian Diplomatic Institute (BDI); the Diplomatic Academy of Kosovo; Tunisia Diplomatic Institute for Training and Studies; the Georgian Centre for Diplomatic Training ‘Levan Mikeladze’; The European Fund For the Balkans; and the Diplomatic Academy of Costa Rica.

“We have had the privilege to cooperate with the Clingendael Institute for more than 13 years. Over 1500 Bulgarian civil servants were successfully trained in the field of communication and negotiation skills, energy, security and diplomacy. During 2015 Clingendael made the first contribution to the Preparation for the Bulgarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union with one of the pilot trainings in the programme. Over 30 participants acquired advanced negotiation techniques through simulations and interactive lectures.”

Tanya Mihaylova, Director Diplomatic Institute, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Bulgaria

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Director of Clingendael Academy Ron Ton with Mr. Manuel Gonzales Sanz, Foreign Minister of

Costa Rica. Source: MFA Costa Rica

Three highlights were:

Capacity Building for Representatives From Malian NGOs2015 saw the launch of a new type of capacity-building programme, aiming at enhancing the professional skills of representatives from Malian NGOs. This two-week training was made possible thanks to the support of the Nationale Postcode Loterij.

Capacity Building for the International Law Department of the Padjajaran University of Bandung (Indonesia)Clingendael Academy also provided a two-week course in international issues and train-the-trainers techniques in cooperation with Maastricht University for a group of 20 lecturers from the University of Padjadjaran (Bandung). This programme was organised in the framework of a NUFFIC niche project, which was won by a consortium comprising Clingendael Academy, Maastricht University, and CINOP Global.

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Capacity Building for Vietnamese Civil ServantsVietnamese civil servants and military personnel working on the UN Convention Against Torture (UNCAT) attended a one-week training course on how to report on the Convention at Clingendael Academy. This training was organised with the support of the Dutch embassy in Hanoi.

International Skills TrainingClingendael Academy provides courses in all diplomatic skills, including negotiation, intercultural communication, presentation skills, and effective influencing. Skills training is part of all of Clingendael Academy’s training courses and the Academy’s staff delivered hundreds of sessions throughout the year.

Clingendael Academy staff members are increasingly involved in stand-alone training sessions focusing specifically on one or two skills. In 2015, Clingendael Academy staff conducted roughly 80 training sessions in diplomatic skills, not including training in other Clingendael courses. Highlights included the training conducted within the European Diplomatic Programme (EDP), effective communication workshops for the Syrian opposition (SOC), negotiation training in the IPSI Summer Symposium for Conflict Resolution and the training for Malaysian officials. We also conducted several intercultural-communication training sessions in-company for the private sector.

Negotiation Training as a Conflict-resolution InstrumentClingendael Academy and the Dutch MFA established a facility for training groups that are involved in conflicts and their mediators in negotiation skills and processes. The facility started with one activity in November 2014. In 2015, it expanded quickly with 20 training projects for among others African Women Mediators, the technical gender committee of Cyprus, Syrian Women Initiative and ECOWAS Mediation Support and Council of the Wise. Work was also done together with the UNDP, the UN Mediation Support Unit, and the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue.

“The HD Centre partnered with Clingendael on a number of trainings on negotiation skills. These trainings involved conflict parties or peace process actors in difficult and sensitive political settings. Our Clingendael Academy partners demonstrated great professionalism in managing these trainings as well as sensitivity regarding the issues at stake. The parties receiving the trainings acquired useful skills and expressed appreciation for the trainings. The Clingendael Academy has proven to be a reliable partner and we look forward to continuing our collaboration.”

Dr Katia Papagianni, Director Policy and Mediation Support, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (Geneva)

http://www.clingendael.nl/page/clingendael-international-skills-traininghttp://www.clingendael.nl/page/clingendael-international-skills-traininghttp://www.clingendael.nl/page/clingendael-international-skills-traininghttp://www.clingendael.nl/news/summer-school-international-justice-0http://www.clingendael.nl/news/summer-school-international-justice-0http://www.clingendael.nl/news/training-malaysian-diplomats-negotiations?lang=enhttp://www.clingendael.nl/training-courses/negotiation-training-conflict-resolution-instrumenthttp://www.clingendael.nl/news/training-african-women-mediators-0http://www.clingendael.nl/news/negotiation-training-cyprushttp://www.clingendael.nl/news/ecowas-early-warning-directorate-completes-training-scenario-building?lang=en

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African Women Mediators posing on the steps of Huys Clingendael. Source: Clingendael.

EU and European Integration TrainingClingendael training courses on the EU are a combination of content, skills, and work processes. We train about the policy cycle of the EU, where and how to influence effectively, and on ‘Brusselisation,’ meaning the Brussels’ working culture. Highlights of Clingendael Academy’s EU training in 2015 included: ‘How to Cooperate with Brussels,’ this time for 25 civil servants from North Africa and the Arab region (involving the MATRA-South countries of Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt and Jordan); ‘Regional Policy Instruments of the EU’ for the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs; and a comprehensive EU training package designed for the Flemish government. Clingendael Academy also won a new framework contract with the Dutch governments to train Dutch civil servants on general EU affairs.

Together with the Centre for European Negotiation and Decision-making (CENAD), Clingendael Academy implemented a training programme to support Dutch civil servants to prepare them for their turn in the rotating presidency seat of the European Union in early 2016. The programme consisted of four modules: General understanding of the EU; strategy and negotiation as the chair; working the EP and chairing skills; and module four was fully focused on negotiations with the EP and was developed for senior management of the Dutch government. In total, 689 civil servants participated in the programme. Also, together with CENAD, Clingendael Academy trained Slovakian civil servants for the rotating presidency of the EU. Slovakia is in the rotating chair after the Netherlands.

http://www.clingendael.nl/training-courses/topics/69http://www.clingendael.nl/training-courses/topics/69http://www.clingendael.nl/training-courses/course-how-cooperate-brusselshttp://www.clingendael.nl/news/clingendael-training-nederlands-voorzitterschap-eu-2016http://www.clingendael.nl/news/training-voorzitterschap-eu-2016-afgerond

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Clingendael’s Training and Research Fellow Marianne Rogier-Ducasse in Tunisia. Source: Matra

International Security and Conflict Issues

The strategic choice to focus the training courses in international security more on the work processes and contexts of our partners paid off. Combined with a skills component and even greater attention to current unfolding affairs resulted in well-evaluated programmes, high attendance to our open registration courses, and increased interest in tailor-made programmes in 2016.

The international footprint of the security courses also increased further, for example, with the English-language CIV attracting participants from all over the world. We also conducted a workshop for the Lebanese army as a subcontracted partner in relation to an NL Embassy project on civil-military cooperation. Of particular note is the pre-deployment training organised for a crisis-management mission in the context of the European Commission-financed ENTRi project. Clingendael and its Belgian partner, the Egmont Institute, implemented two francophone pre-deployment training courses for civilian staff deploying to Mali and Niger for the UN and the EU (over fifty civilian

http://www.clingendael.nl/training-courses/training-course-international-securityhttp://www.clingendael.nl/news/course-international-security-participants-perspective

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experts). For the same target group, we also have an ENTRi course on negotiation and mediation.

Other highlights included the training course in ‘International Crisis Management’ for the Dutch Defence Academy’s Advanced Staff and Command Course for which the contract was renewed for another four years; a week-long course for ECOWAS‘ Early Warning Directorate in scenario planning and policy making; the international orientation course for the NL Police ‘Columbus’, the pre-deployment training for Dutch military observers deploying to UNTSO; and finally the organisation of a two-day conference on interoperability in civilian and police training for crisis management missions.

Open Enrolment Courses and Other ActivitiesParts of the Diplomatic, European, Security and Skills programmes at Clingendael Academy are open to individual, open subscription. One of the Academy’s flagships, the course on foreign affairs (‘Leergang Buitenlandse Betrekkingen/LBB’), was organised for the 70th time since 1967. The course lasts for three months and is open to Dutch professionals preparing or retraining for an international career. The course was very successful and had its maximum number of participants. The other highlight was the performance of the two international-security courses which were also fully booked; Seminar International Negotiation, and International Mediation and Consensus Building.

http://www.clingendael.nl/news/ecowas-early-warning-directorate-completes-training-scenario-building?lang=enhttp://www.clingendael.nl/news/clingendael-academy-trains-untso-observershttp://www.clingendael.nl/news/first-conference-civilian-and-police-trainers-crisis-management-missionshttp://www.clingendael.nl/academyhttp://www.clingendael.nl/academyhttp://www.clingendael.nl/training-cursus/71e-leergang-buitenlandse-betrekkingen-lbbhttp://www.clingendael.nl/training-courses/training-course-international-securityhttp://www.clingendael.nl/training-courses/seminar-international-negotiationshttp://www.clingendael.nl/training-courses/international-mediation-and-consensus-building

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Internationale Spectator

In December 2014, the very last paper edition of the Internationale Spectator appeared. January 2015 saw the Spectator make a fresh start with the online publication of its first digital edition on its website, internationalespectator.nl. As of 2015, the Spectator can only be read and consulted free of charge on its website.

The goal for 2015, i.e. to publish varied editions on a regular basis as well as more specific ‘dossiers,’ has been achieved. Ten editions were published, including three specials on: ‘Agreekment,’ Belgian Foreign Policy, and jihadism. The Internationale Spectator also published its online Newsletter, and the amount of subscribers nearly doubled in 2015, from 1,300 to more than 2,500. The different editions are published online in the form of a web pub, a web-based publication.

The traditionally close Netherlands-Belgian/Flemish connection was maintained, as cooperation with the Royal Institute of International Relations (EGMONT) in Brussels continues.

In 2015, the editorial office consisted of the editor-in-chief, Jan Rood, and managing editors, Sico van der Meer, and Peter Schregardus. In April, Sico van der Meer was succeeded by Bram Peeters.

The general board, presided over by the editor-in-chief, Jan Rood, consisted of 19 members.

The Board met three times. During the course of the year, the members Sven Biscop, Garrie van Pinxteren, and Ramses Wessel stepped down. Dr. Maaike Okano-Heijmans, Dr. Gerben Stormbroek, and Dr. Jan Werts, as well as Sico van der Meer.

http://www.internationalespectator.nl/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/10/http://www.egmontinstitute.be/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/page/redactiehttp://www.internationalespectator.nl/page/redactie

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Vol. 69 (2015) Type of edition Publication date Number of items

Edition 1 Regular January 29 17

Edition 2 Regular February 27 12

Edition 3 Regular April 15 17

Edition 4 Regular June 13 20

Edition 5 Dossier ‘Agreekment’ August 5 5

Edition 6 Regular September 2 16

Edition 7 Dossier ‘Belgian foreign policy’

September 16 7

Edition 8 Regular October 28 19

Edition 9 Regular December 9 13

Edition 10 Dossier on ‘jihadism’ December 23 12

Total 138

Table 1: Overview of Volume 69 of Internationale Spectator: Clingendael Magazine voor

Internationale Betrekkingen

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Corporate Staff

Communication

Clingendael’s Communication unit continued to develop a number of projects in 2015 on PR, internal and external communication, and marketing. With regard to internal communication, consultation with the various departments within Clingendael was further intensified, concentrating on brand development, marketing opportunities, media appearances, and corporate style.

In order to achieve a more efficient way of producing publications, Communication introduced a template with which content can be processed more rapidly. This way of processing saves time and leads to a reduction of costs. It also enhances Clingendael’s ability to tie in with current events and increases its effectiveness.

With regard to external communication, the website again underwent redesigning for improvement. On the website, more use was made of the so-called ‘web pubs,’ a format that allows the reader to quickly browse through a publication, which is presented online in a more interactive way.

Visitors of our website can also share Clingendael content through social media by the introduction of social media cards.

Human Resources

On 1 January 2015, the Clingendael Institute employed 77 staff. On 1 January 2016 this number had increased to 87.

Clingendael has made 33 internships available to students, thus offering them the possibility to develop their skills in research and training projects both academically and logistically.

In 2015, the Institute offered 43 vacancies, 19 of which were for internships and 24 of which were for regular jobs.

The Clingendael Institute primarily recruits by announcing vacancies on its website, via social media platforms such as Twitter, and through its own networks.

In 2015 Clingendael spent 40% more on training than was previously budgeted. This budget was exceeded because of security training for the Institute’s own staff.

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Finances

The financial result for 2015 is entirely in line with that for previous years and amounts to €636,690. This figure is inclusive of an additional charge for corporation tax to be paid for the years 2012 to 2015 inclusive; indeed, without this charge the result would have been significantly higher still. Project income was almost €0.9 million higher than budgeted for, with staff costs being €0.4 million lower. The other costs developed in line with the budget.

A further increase in project revenue is expected for 2016. We will need to take on additional staff to achieve this increase in revenue, which means that staff costs too will rise significantly. The forecast is that the result will again be positive.

The new relationship with the Dutch ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defence will be formalised at the end of 2016. The basic subsidy will largely disappear with effect from 1 January 2017. As from this date, the Clingendael institute will receive an activities subsidy for its think tank activities. In addition, Clingendael will be able to compete for research assignments that these ministries put out to tender. Note that the institute also receives a subsidy for training foreign diplomats. The negotiations about new project financings are well underway. Clingendael expects that it will be able to maintain its revenue level at about the same level as in 2016. However, in some cases the consequences of the above changes in the years after 2016 are not yet fully clear.

2013 2014 2015

Funding type

Projects €8.2 mln €8.5 mln €12.0 mln

Core funding (Dutch MFA and MOD)

€1.2 mln €1.2 mln €1.1 mln

Costs

Staff costs €4.4 mln €4.6 mln €5.2 mln

Corporate costs €1.3 mln €1.1 mln €2.3 mln

Project costs €3.2 mln €3.0 mln €5.0 mln

Result (profit) €547,000 €1,003,000 €636,700

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Annexes

A: Overview of Publications

Date Topic Author(s) Source

Articles

5-1-2015 The organization of the year 2014 Bas ter Haar Diplomat Magazine

28-1-2015 2015: de nieuwe Internationale Spectator Ko Colijn Internationale Specta-tor 69 (2015) nr. 1

28-1-2015 Jihadistisch terrorisme in 2015: geen reden voor optimistme

Edwin Bakker Internationale Specta-tor 69 (2015) nr. 1

27-2-2015 Wat de Europese CPB’s zeggen over econo-mic governance

Arnout Mijs, Adriaan Schout

Internationale Specta-tor 69 92015) nr. 2

1-3-2015 The future of think tanks Bas ter Haar Diplomat Magazine

24-3-2015 European defence: about neighbours and distant friends

Dick Zandee European Geostrategy

22-4-2015 Nederlandse veiligheid en defensie in een woelige wereld

Jan Rood, Frans-Paul van der Putten, Minke Meijnders

Internationale Specta-tor 69 (2015) nr. 3

22-4-2015 De collectieve verdediging en de Nederland-se krijgsmacht: De tijd van grote verwach-tingen?

Lo Casteleijn Internationale Specta-tor 69 (2015) nr. 3

22-4-2015 Samen uit, samen thuis: internationale defensiesamenwerking in een veranderde wereld

Margriet Drent, Dick Zandee


19-5-2015 Kernbom bouwen? Koop je spullen gewoon op Ebay

Sico van der Meer OneWorld

7-6-2015 Biology and diplomacy Bas ter Haar Diplomat Magazine

24-6-2015 Rusland en het EU-Oostelijk Partnerschap Tony van der Togt Internationale Specta-tor 69 (2015) nr. 4

24-6-2015 China’s initiatief voor een Aziatische Infra-structuur Investeringsbank (AIIB)

Maaike Okano- Heijmans, Garrie van Pinxteren


24-6-2015 Digitale dreiging: Is afschrikking van cybe-raanvallen mogelijk?

Sico van der Meer Internationale Specta-tor 69 (2015) nr. 4

26-6-2015 Perverse incentives in foreign policy Bas ter Haar Diplomat Magazine

5-7-2015 Our oceans and our future Bas ter Haar Diplomat Magazine

7-7-2015 Nationale veiligheid in een internationale omgeving


Magazine Nationale Veiligheid en crisis-beheersing 13 (2015) nr. 3, pp. 41-43

http://www.clingendael.nl/publication/organization-year-2014http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/januari/2015_de_nieuwe_internationale_spectator/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/januari/jihadistisch_terrorisme_in_2015/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/januari/jihadistisch_terrorisme_in_2015/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/2/wat_de_europese_cpb-s_zeggen_over_economic_governance/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/2/wat_de_europese_cpb-s_zeggen_over_economic_governance/http://www.clingendael.nl/publication/future-think-tankshttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/european-defence-about-neighbours-and-distant-friendshttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/european-defence-about-neighbours-and-distant-friendshttp://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/3/nederlandse_veiligheid_en_defensie_in_een_woelige_wereld/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/3/nederlandse_veiligheid_en_defensie_in_een_woelige_wereld/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/3/collectieve_verdediging_en_nederlandse_krijgsmacht/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/3/collectieve_verdediging_en_nederlandse_krijgsmacht/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/3/collectieve_verdediging_en_nederlandse_krijgsmacht/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/3/samen_uit_samen_thuis/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/3/samen_uit_samen_thuis/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/3/samen_uit_samen_thuis/http://www.clingendael.nl/publication/kernbom-bouwen-koop-je-spullen-gewoon-op-ebayhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/kernbom-bouwen-koop-je-spullen-gewoon-op-ebayhttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/biology-and-diplomacyhttp://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/4/rusland_en_het_eu-oostelijk_partnerschap/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/4/chinas_initiatief_voor_aziatische_infrastructuur_investeringsbank/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/4/chinas_initiatief_voor_aziatische_infrastructuur_investeringsbank/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/4/digitale_dreiging_is_afschrikking_van_cyberaanvallen_mogelijk/http://www.internationalespectator.nl/pub/2015/4/digitale_dreiging_is_afschrikking_van_cyberaanvallen_mogelijk/http://www.clingendael.nl/page/perverse-incentives-foreign-policyhttp://www.clingendael.nl/page/our-oceans-and-our-futurehttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/nationale-veiligheid-een-internationale-omgevinghttp://www.clingendael.nl/publication/nationale-veiligheid-een-internationale-omgeving

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15-7-2015 Trends in Diplomacy Ron Ton Clingendael

16-7-2015 Nationale veiligheid in een internationale omgeving


Magazine Nationale Veiligheid en crisis-beheersing

6-8-2015 Onderhandelen op z’n Grieks Paul Meerts Internationale Specta-tor 69 (2015) nr. 5

7-8-2015 Idealisme vs. realisme?: strategische docu-menten USA geanalyseerd

Kees Homan Atlantisch Perspectief

7-8-2015 Politici en militairen, een ongemakkelijk verbond?

Lo Casteleijn Atlantisch Perspectief

27-8-2015 De BRICS: een veiligheidsblok in opkomst? Anne Bakker Atlantisch Perspectief

2-9-2015 40 jaar Helsinki: ge

clingendael annual report 2015clingendael annual report 2015 clingendael research the research...

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