clockwork user manual
DESCRIPTION
user manual for machines vibrations foundations analysis and designTRANSCRIPT
1
Clockwork® – Machine Foundations Application Tutorial Rev. 1.37
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COPYRIGHT
The computer program CLOCKWORK and all associated documentation are proprietary and copyrighted products. Worldwide rights of ownership rest with NEWTONIAN MACHINES®. Unlicensed use of the program or reproduction of the documentation in any form, without prior written authorization from NEWTONIAN MACHINES® is explicitly prohibited. NEWTONIAN MACHINES® ANDRÉS DE FUENZALIDA 147 PROVIDENCIA, SANTIAGO, CHILE Tel: (+56 2) 3553835 Fax: (+56 2) 6652052 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.newtonianmachines.com
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Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 4
2. TUTORIAL ................................................................................................................................ 5
2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM ............................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 Foundation Geometry ....................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Machine Parameters ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.3 Soil Parameters ................................................................................................................................. 7 2.2 BUILDING THE MODEL .......................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1. Geometry .......................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Passive machines and other masses ................................................................................................ 14 2.2.3 Forces ............................................................................................................................................. 22 2.2.4 Soil .................................................................................................................................................. 30 2.3 ANALYZING THE MACHINE FOUNDATION AND OBTAINING RESULTS .................................. 34 2.3.1 Natural frequencies ......................................................................................................................... 35 2.3.2 Natural Frequency Range ............................................................................................................... 37 2.3.3 Displacements ................................................................................................................................. 38 2.3.4 Static Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 42 2.4 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ....................................................................................................... 43
3. ANNEX A – MACHINE WITH PERIODIC EXCITATION .................................................... 45
3.1 MACHINE ............................................................................................................................. 46 3.1.1 Machine Input ................................................................................................................................. 46 3.2 FORCES INPUT ..................................................................................................................... 47
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1. Introduction
The objective of this tutorial is to provide the user with average/advanced knowledge of the tools, concepts and use of the “Clockwork” software application. To do this, we will work on a guide that will cover such essentials as the proper use of the software.
This example describes the necessary steps to conduct a response analysis of a foundation excited by a rotating machine. The analysis of the piston (or reciprocating) machine will take place in Annex A, changing only the items “Machine” and “Forces”.
It will detail the input of the geometry using the “Design view” as well as the input of the machines on the foundation, definition and allocation of soil parameters and applied forces.
The software possesses tools which will be described throughout the development of the example and reference images will be used where necessary.
Throughout this tutorial, tips/details are framed in relation to the item in which they work.
Finally, we remind the user that this tutorial is accompanied by a help manual which describes forms and detailed features and tools. It is accessed from the help menu, in the toolbar.
2. Tuto 2.1 De
Tmbp
2.1.1 F
Fig. 2.
orial
scription of
To evaluate machine and
elow show tart of the fou
Foundation G
1.1 – Founda
f the problem
the dynamicits artifacts
the drawingsundation rest
Geometry
ation, lower
F
m
c response o(Table 2.1.2
of the foundts directly on
slab
Fig. 2.1.3 – F
of the found2) correspondation/equipn the soil. Th
Fig.
Foundation, S
dation proponding to a stment in plan
he units used
. 2.1.2 – Fou
Side View
osal to suppteam turbine
n and elevatiare in meter
undation, Top
ort a rotatine. The figureon. The lowe
rs and tons.
p View
5
ng es er
2.1.2 M In this considemore th
Fig. 2.1
Fig. 2
C
Machine Par
example theered as passhan one activ
1.4 – Machin
2.1.6 – Mach
Ma
Operatin
ID
Generator
Turbine
Condenser
rameters
e only activesive machineve machine.
Ta
ne, Ground V
hine, Top Vie
chine Type
ng Speed [rp
Form
Prismatic
Prismatic
Cylindrical
e machine coes. See anne
Table 2.1.2 –
View
ew
Machine:
Rota
pm]
Weight[tonf]
12,116
6,701
l 6,269
onsidered is tex A (Item
Machine Pa
Turbine
ating Machin
30
t Dim
Lx:3,
Lx:1
the “turbine3.3) for con
rameters
Fig. 2.1.5 –
ne (Steam Tu
000
mensions app
,7 Ly:2,6
,26 Ly:2
R: 0,9 Ly
”. The othernsidering fou
Machine, Si
urbine)
prox. [m]
Lz: 3,79
Lz: 2,3
y:6,9
r machines arundation wit
de View
6
re th
2.1.3 S
2.2 Bu
Once tproject2.2.1
Then, omodelsfoundathe “Eselectio
Th
demeea
Soil Paramet
uilding the M
the software t. To do this
open the dias (disk, rectaation geomet
Empty” optionon is chosen
Shea
he unit selevelopment oeans that if y
ach square of
ters
Model
is open, the, go to the “
log “New” (Fangle), the unry if the founn if you preat this stage
F
ar Modulus [T/m2]
8500
lected for of this, as wyou select thf the grid wil
Table 2.1.3
e first step to“File →New”
Fig. 2
Fig. 2.2.2), wnits of forcendation shapefer to define the geometr
Fig. 2.2.2 –“
Poisson
0
the New Pwill the seleche grid size inl have an are
– Soil Param
o start devel” menu or cl
2.2.1 Toolbar
where there and distanc
pe is disk or rne the geomery can be cha
“New” Dialo
n’s Ratio
0,3
New Fi
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meters
loping our exlick on the i
r
are two deface, the grid srectangle. Aletry from scanged later in
og Form
Unit Wei[T/m3]
1,9
ile
dominates tspacing of F
he distance unquare meters”
xample is toicon that is s
ault foundatiopacing and dlternatively y
cratch. Anywn the Design
ight ]
H
throughout Fig. 2.2.2. Tnit in “Meter”.
o create a neshown on Fig
on elementardata about thyou can sele
way, whateveMode.
Hysteretic Damping
0
the This rs”,
7
w g.
ry he ct er
Fig
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Fig.
Th
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g. 2.2.3 – Ci
art the Desigmeters) and
undation of o
2.2.4 – Desi
he orientation
o quickly star“Rectangle
spectively. Ie foundation2.3
ircular Foun
gn Mode, firthen click o
our example,
ign Mode. On(XY); o
n of the coor
rt a foundati”, which co
It is necessarn and the rad
dation (on th
st select the on the button
guided by th
n left-center,on bottom-rig
rdinate axes i
on design, seorresponds try to enter tdius (dimens
he left), Rect
“To be defin “OK”. Fromhe drawings.
perspectiveght, orthogon
is given by th
elect the founo a circularhe radius (dions if recta
angular Fou
ine” option (m this point,Fig. 2.1.1 to
e view; on topnal view (ZX
he right-hand
ndation type r or rectangudimensions ifangular) of th
undation (on
(Fig.2.2.2), u, you can beo Fig. 2.1.6.
p-right, orthoX).
d rule. Fig. 2
as either “Dular foundatf rectangularhe pedestal.
the right)
units “ton, megin designin
ogonal view
2.2.4
Disk” tion, r) of Fig.
8
m” ng
•
2.2.1. G
Enter Fig. 2.2
A new
Eainf
Geometry
a default uni2.5, and then
block has be
The locatioorigin of th(Fig. 2.2.7) To navigateD, W, whicin/out, rotate
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ach block is finitely rigid
itary block inn click on the
Fig.
een added, w
on (center of he XYZ coo)
e through thech correspone the mouse
he main viewalso possib
Show→ Top
considered id.
nto the coorde design spac
Fig. 2.2.5 –
2.2.6 – Defa
with a default
gravity) of aordinate syst
e different vind to left, dowheel back a
w is done sle to perfor”, Show →P
infinitely rigi
dinate spacece. (Fig. 2.2.
–“Add New B
ault block siz
t size of 1 m³
any object is tem to the c
iews, use theown, right aand forth.
imply by dorm this actioPerspective”.
New Bloc
id, which me
by clicking o6)
Block” Butto
ze, 1x1x1 m³
³. (Fig. 2.2.6)
given by theenter of gra
e arrow keysand up respe
ouble clickinon from the.
ck
eans the resu
on the button
on
6)
e distance frovity of the o
s or the keysectively. To
ng on the see menu “Sho
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n shown in
om the object.
s A, S, zoom
elected ow →
s also
9
Fig
ThW0,
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g. 2.2.8 – Pa
he software cWhen entering
which mean is importantea of the f
enceforth). Tocks that men contact wiundation conowever, for sizing the blocks will be
Fig.
artly Embeddc
considers thag a block, yons it is resting
t to enter thefoundation inThe SCA coeet the condiith the soil)nsists only the case of
lock until it considered t
2.2.7 –Partly
ded Foundationsidered fo
at all volumeu may noticeg directly ov
e correct chon contact wonsidered byition of bein. The SCAof one bloc
f the foundatreaches the
to calculate t
ly Embedded
ion, composeor obtaining t
es below thee that its lower unexcavat
oice of the gwith the soily ClockWo
ng the lowestof Fig. 2.2
k, and theretion such aslowest area
the SCA.
d Foundation
ed of two blothe SCA.
e plane Z = wer default boted soil.
geometry givl (Soil Con
ork is calcut area of the
2.7 is very sefore, only os Fig. 2.2.8, . Otherwise,
n
ocks. The low
0 are embedoundary is at
ven to the lontact Area, Sulated only e whole strucsimple sinceone lowest a
we recomm only one of
wer one is
dded. t Z =
ower SCA with cture e the area.
mend f the
10
Towe
To
movafou
o calculate theight is used
o change theouse button.
alues such aundation (bo
Fig
Fig. 2.2.1
he mass of .
e attributes o This action
as location aody weight) t
g. 2.2.9 – Side
10 – Resizing
each block (
of a block, sn will displayand size, astaking into ac
e tab, block p
g a block by u
(and all the
simply clicky a left tab ts well displccount all ex
properties.
using the mo
foundation)
k on the objeto facilitate laying informxisting block
ouse.
the concrete
ect with thethe adjustmemation abous. Fig. 2.2.9
e unit
e right ent of ut the
11
With “Zoresizing
A quickwith thesame burest. Fig
To stick2.2.11, Fblocks. Wtool is d Use “Al
Fig. 2.2.1
oom” capabor moving o
k way to cha left mouse b
utton. A markg. 2.2.10
k blocks to Fig. 2.2.12). When workiisabled.
ign” for leve
Fig. 2.2.11
Fig.2
13 – Two sep
ilities, it is poobjects.
ange the sizebutton. It is fked object ch
each other This tool al
ing with mor
eling and che
1 – Creating
2.2.12 – Align
parate blocks
ossible to ac
e of a block first necessarhanges color
quickly, thelso aligns allre than one o
ecking the SC
g the Model.
n Tool.
s but rigidly l
chieve better
is to stretch ry to mark thto be disting
ere is an “Al kinds of obobject at a ti
CA.
linked.
r accuracy w
one of its she block withguished from
Align” tool (bjects, as welime, the “Ali
when
Alig
sides h the
m the
Fig. ll as ign”
12
gn Tool
The sofgraphicaconsists
SCA
For the position its exact2.2.15).
Fig. 2.2
ftware consially displayeof two separ
A Location
location of is graphicalt location is
Fig. 2.2.1
2.15 – The re
iders that aled as separrate blocks, b
the SCA, prlly representeshown in the
14 – Unfinish
ed point show
ll blocks arerate units. but physicall
ress the buttoed by a red se bottom righ
hed Model.
ws the locati
e rigidly linConsequen
ly are an uniq
on “SCA” (Fsphere in the ht of the mai
ion of the SC
nked even wntly, Fig. 2.que rigid sol
Fig. 2.2.15). design view
in window. (
CA.
when 2.13
lid.
The w and (Fig.
SCA
13
Button
2
Att
2
Cafa
N
Aml
2.2.2 Passive
As indicatedturbine) and the imbalanc
2.2.2.1 Mass
Continuing according toforces and wadd this class
Now proceed
After selectimouse withilocation give
Machine - Pass- Acti
syst
e machines a
d in Table 2.1others mach
ce.
s Data Input
the developo Table 2.1.2
will not be cons of active eq
d to enter the
ing the indicn the area o
en by Fig. 2.1
Fig.
es can be cla
sive machineive machineem.
and other m
1.2, the equiphines conside
t
ment of ou2. It should nsidered merquipment.
e mass of the
Fig. 2.2.1
cated button of the top vi1.6. (Fig. 2.2
2.2.16 – Ad
assified as Pa
es only contres are the so
masses
pment is comered passive.
r example, be noted th
rely as a mas
e “Generator
5i – Add New
in Fig. 2.2.ew (XY) to 2.16)
dding the “Ge
assive or Act
ribute to the mource of the
mposed by anThe turbine
the masses hat the “Turss. The Item
r”.
w Mass Butto
.15i, click wadd the new
enerator’s”
AdM
tive.
model by thedynamical e
n active machproduces for
are added rbine” produ2.2.2.2 cove
on.
with the left w mass, spec
Mass
dd New Mass
eir masses. excitation of
hine (the rces due to
to the moduces dynam
ers the steps t
button of thcifically in th
f the 14
del mic
to
he he
Ub2w(
Use the “Relby Fig. 2.1.62.2.17), thenwith the mou(“Generator’
Fig. 2.2.18 –
After positdimensions.
The “Rethe edge
It is pos
directly
F
lative Distan6. To do thisn select the bluse. Depends” mass in th
– “Relative D
tioning the . All of this
elative Distaes of a selecte
ssible to addby using the
Fig. 2.2.17- “
nces” tool to s, press the block to be us
ding on the this case) to th
Distances” T
generator, data is in Ta
ances” tool ied block.
d the positioe property tab
“Relative Dis
locate the exbutton “Relased as a refertype of viewhe selected b
Tool. On the ZX view
you must ble 2.1.2. (F
indicates the
on of the ceb. (Fig. 2.2.1
stances” butt
xact positiontive Distancrence and fin
w in use, the block’s edge
left, the XY v
assign masFig. 2.2.19)
e distance of
enter of grav19)
ton
n of the “Genes” from the
nally move thdistances frwill be disp
view; and on
ss value, g
f an object f
vity of the m
nerator” givee toolbar (Fighe mass objeom the objelayed.
n the right, th
geometry an
Relative Distances
from
mass
15
en g. ct
ect
he
nd
s
Ha
Having enterand size, pre
Fig.
red this infossing the but
M
2.2.19 – Pro
ormation, yotton “Machin
Fig. 2.2.
Machine
operties Tab
u can view ne” from the
20 – Machin
b for Mass Ob
the artifact atoolbar.
ne Button.
bject.
according too its geometr
16
ry
17
Fig. 2.2.21 – Generator over Foundation
To enter the mass of the “Condenser” follow the same steps described above. However, now select a cylindrical geometric form as the envelope surface of the machine, the orientation of its rotator axis, length and radius.
The orientation of the cylinder is modified by clicking on the button “Rotate to”. This way, the new direction is reflected graphically in the design view (if the machine button is enabled) and also in the side properties tab “Cylinder at Y Direction”.
Fig. 2.2.22 - Mass properties tab.
Length of main axis and radius
Cylinder‐ rotator axis at “Y” direction
Op 2 Id A1poAa Tm
Frequengeometraccount correctlybe directbe cross
It is impfor this cmachineItem 3.3
Fig. 2.2.2
Others than presented the
2.2.2.2 Activ
In this sectiodynamical fo
According to1850 rpm. Frproduced byobtain an apAlso we willa table.
To start the model, by cli
ntly, the cenric center. T
only its ceny set, it does tly resting oving it.
portant to notcategory of mes (rotating a.
23 – The con
the Turbineey can be ent
ve Machine
on we will beorce forces.
o Table 2.1.2requently, th
y the machinpproximate vl cover how t
entry of the icking with t
nter of graviThe software nter of gravit
not matter thver the found
te that the rotmachine. To and reciproca
ndenser is no
e there are ntered using th
Data Input
egin the inpu
2, the “turbinhere is not inne imbalancevalue of thesto input thes
machine, bethe mouse on
Fig.2.2.24 –
ity of a massimplifies t
ty. Thereforehat graphicadation (Fig. 2
tatory analyssee how to m
ating) over th
ot displayed d
not other rehe mass butt
ut for the activ
ne” is a rotatnformation fre in normal ose forces usise forces if th
egin by addin the “CG” b
– Center of G
ss does not this probleme, if the cenlly the mach2.2.23) or ev
sis can be pemix differenthe same foun
directly restin
elevant masston.
ve machine p
ting machinerom the suppoperation. Laing empiricahe supplier in
ng a “Centebutton of the
Gravity button
CenteGrav
match withm by taking nter of gravithine seems noven if it seem
rformed onlyt categories ondation, go to
ng over the f
ses. If other
properties an
e whose operplier about dyater, an outl
al formulas wndicates them
r of gravity”toolbar.
n
er of ity
h its into
ty is ot to
ms to
y of o
foundation
masses wer
nd the
rating speed ynamic forceline of how twill be givem by means o
” object to th
18
re
is es to n. of
he
w
Laya
Ya
A
It is pos
machineselect frEnvelopdata (maentered examplesaved, th
The “Stialthoughchange (ZX) (Ficenter o
The Rotor cwill be gener
Fig. 2.2.2
Like the otheaccording to you can entealso possible
You can defactive machi
After saving
sible to add e and the cenrom the “Li
pment” (Fig. ass, geometrdata, belon
e, to the objhis object ch
ick to Block”h these blockthe positionig. 2.2.26). “f gravity, for
center of grarated. These
25- Quick op
er componenthe drawing
er the mass oe from the “M
fine more thine. Internall
this data, a n
one center onter of graviist of Cente2.2.25). Aft
ry and size).ngs only to ject “of the anges its def
” tool allows ks are at diffn (height) of“Stick To Blrce point and
avity objecte unbalanced
ption, add one
nts of the mags of Fig. 2.1of this compMachine” me
han one Roty the softwa
new “Center
of gravity, wty of the fou
ers” list boxter this, it is . It is importthe selectedEnvelopmen
fault name to
the movemeferent heightsf an object wlock” can md bearing.
represents thd forces are a
e default Cen
achine, place1.6 and give iponent in theenu as indica
or Center ofre generates
r of Gravity”
with relation tundation. Tox, the object
possible to tant to note d center of nt”. Once tho “CG_Equip
ent of objectss. Therefore,without usin
manipulate ob
he point whlways perpen
nter of Gravi
e the Center it the name o
e side tab of ated below.
f Gravity if a list of Rot
object will b
to the size ofo use this optt called “of enter the relthat this relgravity, in
e data has bpment”.
s over the blo, it is possibl
ng the side vbjects like m
ere the unbandicular to th
ity, called “C
of Gravity iof Table 2.1.properties. H
you have mor Center of
be added to t
f the tion, f the lated lated this
been
ocks le to view
mass,
alanced forcehe rotor axis
Centered”.
in the positio2. OptionallyHowever, it
more than onf Gravity.
the internal.
19
es .
on y, is
ne
T
Ng
I
OmwOw
It is pos“Frequefrequencdisplacemin to F
The next step
Now, go to gravity of the
In this menu
On Fig. 2.2.machine, opewhich in thisOnce the cenwill activate
ssible to anaency Range” cy in the ements are obF max. Later
Fig. 2.
p is to assign
the menu “Me machine. F
you can com
28 part of terating frequs case revolvnter of gravithe fields fo
alyze a rangand enterin“Machine”
btained for ewe see these
2.26 – “Mac
n the Rotor C
Machine” toFig. 2.2.26 –
Fig. 2.2.2
mplement ma
the machine uency (Hz) aves around thity is associaor the entry o
ge of operating a minimu menu (F
each intermee results grap
chine” Optio
Center of Gra
associate th– Fig. 2.2.27.
27 – “Machi
ass data asso
informationand the orienhe X axis. ated, press onf mass, geom
ing frequencum frequencyFig.2.2.28). ediate step (ophically.
on and “Stick
avity to a par
he “turbine” .
ne” Form.
ciated with t
n has been antation of the
n it using thmetric form a
MM
L
L
cies by selecy and maximThe maxim
of 0.1Hz) fro
k to Block” T
rticular mach
object with
the machine.
dded, such ae main axis o
e left mouseand size.
Menu Machine
Stick to
List of centergravity
List of centerassociate
mach
cting mum mum om F
Tool
hine.
h the center o
as the type oof the turbin
e button. Th
Block
rs of
rs of gravity ed to the hine
20
of
of ne,
his
21
Th Fig. 2.2.28 – “Machine” menu. Mass, geometry and dimensions assigned
Fig. 2.2.29 – Masses over Foundation
22
2.2.3 Forces As mentioned in the preceding paragraph for this example further information is not available regarding the dynamic forces produced by the machine (Steam Turbine). Next, use formulas provided by recognized standards, such as ACI351, ASA/ANSI S2.19 and DIN4024 for conservative approximations of the value of these forces.
Pressing the button “Forces by formula applied at centers of gravity” from the menu “Machine”, shows the window of Fig. 2.2.30.
Fig. 2.2.30 – Machine” Form
The software provides four well known formulas:
1. Machine unbalance provided by the manufacturer 2. Machine unbalance meeting industry criteria 3. Dynamic load determined from an empirical formula 4. Machine unbalance by DIN4024
Forces Calculation Form
Bearings, forces Form
23
Fig. 2.2.31 – Forces Form. Provides formulas from international standards that allow calculation of dynamic forces applied at the selected center of gravity.
For the example, the employed formula is “Dynamic Loads determined from an empirical formula”. (Fig. 2.2.32)
Fig. 2.2.32 – Dynamic loads determined from an empirical formula
To obtain the approximate force, first add one rotor, pressing the up arrow in the “Segments of the rotor” section, then select the “turbine” center of gravity from the “Rotor center of gravity” column. Finally, in the “Select formula” column we choose the formula “Dynamic loads determined from an empirical formula”.
“Balance Quality” Table
“Service Factor” Table
Ic“F
The valuautomatmachine
In this examcorresponds “Rotating WFig. 2.2.33.
In the ca“Servicesophisticalso usedata tabby press
ue of the opically filled
e entered in t
mple we asto 40% of
Weight” field
ase of havinge Factor” ancated formule these formles attached
sing the “>”
perating freqd in, considthe previous
sume that tthe weight
(Fig. 2.2.32)
Fig. 2.2
g further datand/or “Balanlas for the ca
mulas, approato the form button, to th
quency used dering the omenu.
the weight oof the turb
) and press th
.33 – Resulti
a of the machnce Quality”alculation ofaching the p(Fig. 2.2.34
he right of th
in each of operating fre
of the rotatine. Enter the right mou
ing Force
hine, such as”, you wouldf forces. Othprevious val4). These tabe input data.
the formulaequency of
ting part of the resultinguse button on
s “Eccentricid be able toherwise, you lues throughbles are acce (Fig. 2.2.31
as, is the
f the maching value in thn “Calculate
ity”, use can
h the ssed
1) 24
ne he e”.
O2Trsi
Once the for2.2.30). TheThis force isrotor, becausspace. Therein direction Z
When tapplied 2.2.35).
F
rce is calcula value has bs to be applise the axis o
efore, the resZ and directi
the manufacat the mach
Fig. 2.2.34a –
Fig. 2.2.34b
ated, press thbeen assigneied in the diof the mach
sultant forceion Y.
cturer gives hine bearings
–“Balance Q
b –“Service F
he button “Oed to the rotirections perphine rotates
due to the u
the force s; the “bear
Quality” Tab
Factor” Tabl
Ok” (Fig. 2.2.tor center ofpendicular toaround direc
unbalance of
magnitude ring” object
ble
le
33) and thenf gravity of o the axis oction X of tf the rotor ha
values direcis useful. (F
n “Save” (Figthe “turbinef the machinthe coordinaas componen
ctly Fig. 25
g. e”. ne ate nts
Tf
The adventry of obtain eafter entin the toclick on (Fig. 2.2the “Ma
The bearingsfoundation.
vantage of thf forces are sieven an apprtering the “boolbar. (Fig.the object w
2.38) or go tchine” menu
s are the poin
F
F
he object “beimplicity androximation obearings” (F 2.2.37). To
with the rightto “Forces apu. Fig. 2.2.38
nts where the
Fig. 2.2.35 –
Fig. 2.2.36 –
Fig 2.2.37 –
earing” in fd speed of daof the size oFig. 2.2.36), po add forces t mouse buttopplied at bea
8.
e machine dy
– “Bearing” B
– Bearings o
Machine on
front of otheata entry, as
of the machipress the buto a “bearin
on to open itarings point
ynamical reac
Button
on foundation
Bearings
r objects to it is possible
ine. To do thtton “Machinng” object, jts properties ” option wit
ctions are ap
n
Bearing Button
the e to his, ne” just tab
thin
pplied to the
26
F
By usin“Machinthe “Adforces ar
Fig. 2.2.38a
There is2.2.39), woption. Yby using
Rememb“Center visual dirigidly li
ng the “Forne” form, yodvanced” butre loaded and
– Forces Inp
Fig
an additionwhich allow
You can accethe right mo
ber that in thof Gravity”
irect contact nked to the s
rces appliedou can have tton. Here yd the used ph
put F
g. 2.2.39 – To
nal object tws rotating oress the propeouse button. (
he case of thand “Beariwith the fo
structure. (Fi
d at bearingaccess to an
you can see hase. (Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.2.38b –
oolbar, “For
o add forcer reciprocatinerties of the (Fig. 2.2.40)
he objects “Fing”, it is nooundation, asig. 2.2.40)
Force PButto
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27
28
Fig. 2.2.40 – Force Point. To the left are the properties of the object.
29
How masses and dynamical forces are entered.
Type of Mass Description Restriction
Foundation Mass
Is automatically calculated when creating the foundation model using the concrete specific weight.
Other Masses
Use the “Add New Mass” button (Fig. 2.2.15i) to insert masses. Masses are considered uniform inside the envelope shape.
Masses with Forces
Use the “Center of Gravity” button (Fig 2.2.24) when: - Mass represents the
rotor mass when forces are to be calculated in rotation machines
Rotatory machines only
- Mass represents the total machine when forces are to be calculated.
How dynamical forces are entered in ClockWork.
Type of Force Description Restriction
Forces determined from formula applied at Centers of Gravity
From the machine form these forces are calculated from formulas and assigned to the assigned centers of gravity.
Given forces to be applied at bearing points
Forces given by the machine data sheet are assigned at bearings. The machine envelope is created if not entered before.
Given forces to be applied at a “Force Point”
General method for entering any force in
Using “Forces applied at bearing points” from the machine form.
Forces are applied using a table. Rotatory machines only
2
Tp2
OCf
2.2.4 Soil
To considerproperties of2.2.41). For o
Once the forClassified”, fform.
You may2.2.42 o“Standa2.2.43b.
r the soil-stf the soil. Tour example
Fig. 2.2.4
rm is open (Ffollowed by
F
y enter the sor obtain an rd Penetrati
tructure inteThe definitione, the data giv
41 – Access m
Fig. 2.2.42),clicking the
Fig. 2.2.42 –
shear moduluapproximat
ion Test” (F
eraction, youn is made inven in Table
menu “Define
press with th“Add” butt
“Soil Classif
us directly intion based oFig. 2.2.43),
u need to n “Define →
2.1.3 is used
e →Soil Clas
he left mouson located o
fication” Fo
nto the field aon test result
using the m
Cla
enter the gSoil Classif
d.
ssification”
se button on n the bottom
rm
as shown in ts from an methods in
Soil assification
geomechanicfication” (Fig
the label “Nom-center of th
Fig. SPT Fig.
30
al g.
Not he
Ttat
F
Obl“
Istp
The fields arthe new layeassigning laythe data give
Fig. 2.2.43a
Once the dabutton “Closlayer that w“Soil” form,
In this exampselection of tthe static stifpress the “Ad
The sof“Classifrecognizexpande“Add Cclassificthe soil l
re activated ter. This nameyers to youren in Table. 2
-“Standard p
ata of Tablese” on the s
will be assignlocated in th
ple we use ththe impendaffness. To asdvanced” bu
ftware is acfied Soils”. zed standarded by the useClassified Socation. Any nlibrary.
to fill the soie is the identmodel in th
2.1.3.
penetration
e 2.1.3 in theame form (F
ned to the mhe menu tool
Fig. 2.2.44
he theory of ance. The foussign all of tutton, located
ccompanied These soi
ds which areer pressing (ioil” button new classific
il parameterstifier that all
he next steps
test” Form
e “Soil ClasFig. 2.2.42).
model is combar Fig. 2.2.
4 – Toolbar,
semi-infiniteundation rectthis data, god on the right
by a librarils contain e used worlin the “Soil
and enterication and ev
s, after whichlows you to fs. The remai
Fig. 2
ssification” f After this s
mpleted. The 44.
“Soil” form
e space, the “tangular geo
o to the “Soilt of the same
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ry of soil pparameters
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Soil for
h you must gfind the soil ning fields a
2.2.43b – SP
form is entestep, the defallocation is
“Standard” mometry is entls” form (Fige form.
SPT Met
Ohsaki – Iwas
wai – Tonou
eed, 1983 (Sa
properties cas belongings library canon” form) one for the ayer is store
rm
give a name tat the time o
are filled wit
PT Methods
ered, press thfinition of ths made on th
method for thtered to obtaig. 2.2.45) an
thods
saki, 1973
chi, 1982
and soils )
alled g to n be n the new
ed in
31
to of th
he he he
he in nd
Ttt
T2
Tf
F
Tp
C
T
To assign ththe new soil,to define it.
The “Type” 2.2.45)
The value offor a semi-in
For stratified
The field “Teperform this
Click on “Sa
Then, in the
The selmethod allows ano chang
To add “Layers to removlabel.
In the c“Cones”embedmfoundati
he layer defin, in the “Nam
field is assig
f the “Thicknnfinite space
d horizontal s
exture” is opexample we
Fig. 2.2.4
ave” button o
design wind
ection of sofor obtaining
any type of stges in the ad
or remove laover rigid r
ve) appearin
case of emb” method, s
ment. The ions, though
ned above, fme” field of
gned with th
ness” field inthe thickness
soil layers th
ptional and ree choose the f
45 – “Soils” f
of the “Soils”
dow you can
oil stratificag the static stratification,
dvanced form
ayers from trock” optionng on the rig
bedded founince it cove“Fundamentonly for the
first denote,the “Soil” op
he mouse, by
n this exampls is infinite.
he thickness o
epresents thefirst texture.
form. Assign
” form to sav
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the “Layers s, press the ght side of t
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design windo
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nded to use tratification ows embedption.
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try area. (Fig
unchangeabl
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ow. To
(Fig. 2.2.46)
osen thod e are
” or own’ ers”
the and
dded 32
es ed
g.
le:
).
33
Fig. 2.2.46 – Model with assigned soil.
2 Ait
Tc
2.3 Analyzin
After enterininitiate the anthe F5 key. T
The purposecompleted in
Fig. 2.3.2.a
Start the An
It is posform byrange vdampingfreedom
- M - M
- M - M - M - M
An effec35% of t
Thus, ifvalue, th
Note: Th
ng the mach
ng all necessnalysis. In th
This will star
Fig. 2.
e of this formn order to con
a – Effective d
Fig. 2.3.2
alysis
ssible to altey varying thevaries betweg, respective
m. The corresp
Modal NumbModal NumbModal NumbModal NumbModal NumbModal Numb
ctive dampinthe calculate
f internally he effective C
his is not a re
hine foundat
sary data forhe toolbar (Frt the analysi
.3.1 – “Analy
m (Fig. 2.3.ntinue.
damping lim
2c – Analysis
er the dampe values of ten 0 and 1
ely), can be pondence is
ber 1: Degreber 2: Degreber 3: Degreber 4: Degreber 5: Degreber 6: Degre
ng limit of 0ed value.
the softwareCx to be used
eduction of a
tion and obt
r the dynamFig. 2.3.1), gois. However,
ysis” Menu,
2b) is to en
mit F
s successfully
ing from thethe column “1 (minimumentered indias follow:
e of Freedome of Freedome of Freedome of Freedome of Freedome of Freedom
0.35, will lim
e determinesd in the analy
a damping cr
taining resul
mic analysis oo to “Analysfirst you fin
“Calculate”
nsure that al
Fig. 2.3.2b –
ly completed
e “Effective “Value”. Thi
m and maximvidually for
m X (Horizonm Y (Horizonm Z (Verticalm rx (Rockinm ry (Rockinm rz (Torsion
mit the effect
s, say in dirysis is 0,35C
ritical value
lts
of the systemsis →Run” ornd the forms o
” option
l the data en
Data verific
damping limis factor, whmum valueseach degree
ntal) ntal) l)
ng X) ng Y) n Z)
tive damping
rection X a Cx.
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ntry has bee
cation form
mit” hose s of e of
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34
to ss
en
35
2.3.1 Natural frequencies
To obtain the natural frequencies of the model, it is necessary to provide, as a minimum requirement, the foundation geometry, the machine mass, and soil parameters. Access to this option is possible through the toolbar “Analysis →Results → Natural Frequency”.
Fig. 2.3.3 –“Natural Frequencies” Toolbar
2.3.1.1 Natural Frequencies Display
Fig. 2.3.4a – Natural Frequencies
On Fig. 2.3.4a, the natural frequencies of the first six degrees of freedom of the model are indicated. These were obtained selecting the “Coupled Modes” option.
Natural Frequencies
36
2.3.1.2 Uncoupled Natural Frequencies, factored and unfactored damping
If the “Uncoupled Modes” is selected the table displays approximate values of frequencies considering that the modes are “Pure”. This means that the foundation block will move for each mode in only one direction, for example: The Z Mode corresponds to a vertical displacement without any rotation and without any component in X or Y. The Coupled Modes are more accurate. The Uncoupled Modes are an approximation that nevertheless is useful for taking decisions. For example: If the frequency of the Z Mode is very near to a resonance condition the designers knows how to identify the problem, and he/she can decide to resize the foundation area.
Fig. 2.3.4b – Uncoupled Natural Frequencies
The Unfactored ξ column shows the critical damping ratio obtained directly from the soil impedance mode. The Factored ξ column shows these values when modified by the “Effective Damping Limit” factor. The values from this last column are useful when designing machine foundations with limited critical damping ratio, as recommended in some specifications and codes.
37
2.3.2 Natural Frequency Range You can obtain natural frequencies for a range of values of shear modulus, by using the “Shear Modulus Range” option, from the menu “Analysis →Results →Shear Modulus Range” (Fig. 2.3.5)
Fig. 2.3.5 – Access menu, “Shear Modulus Range”
Fig. 2.3.6 –“Shear Modulus Range” form
When you first open the form, the fields “G min”, “G max” and “Step” are filled automatically. The calculation of these default values is made by multiplying the shear modulus provided (Fig. 2.2.42) by “0.5” and “1.5”, for “G min” and “G max” respectively. Changing “G min” and “G max” is allowed. (Fig. 2.3.6)
Natural Frequency Range
2 2 AtDw
Yf
Efd
Tt
Fig. 2
2.3.3 Displac
2.3.3.1 Displ
After the verthe displaceDisplacemenwill be disab
You can see form.
Each row ofoundation directions.
The SCA conthe overturni
In the “Swhich afrequencindicatesthe buttoto
D
2.3.7 – “Shea
cements
lacement Ta
rification andement tablents” (Fig. 2.3bled.
Fig.
the dynamic
f the results(Fig. 2.3.9)
Ux: DiUy: DiUz: Di
ntrol point hing moment.
MUx: MUy: MUz:
Shear Modulallows to dicies that ares the accepton “DIN 402
the
Displacementform
ar Modulus R
able
d analysis (Fe, go to t3.8). If you h
2.3.8 – Acce
c analysis res
s table corre). Each “co
isplacement isplacement isplacement
as the same t
Rocking aroRocking aroRocking aro
lus Range” fsplay the ra
e near to a rable range c24” will high
unaccep
ts
Range” Form
Fig. 2.3.2), yothe toolbar have not don
ess to “Disp
sults, within
esponds to aontrol point
at X directioat Y directioat Z directio
three directio
ound X axis (ound Y axis (ound Z axis (
form, there isange of G vresonance cocriteria accorhlight, in coptable
m, Applying D
ou are able tooption “A
ne the analy
lacements” F
the table of t
an assigned t” has thre
on (from zeroon (from zeron (from zero
ons but three
(from zero to(from zero tofrom zero to
s a button mvalues that ondition. Thrding to the lor, all frequ
range
DIN4024 Sta
o obtain resuAnalysis →sis previousl
Form
the “Displac
“control poee possible
o to peak) o to peak) o to peak)
e more corres
o peak) o peak) o peak)
marked “DIN determines
he upper rigstandard. Pr
uencies that (Fig
andard.
ults. To acce Results →ly, this optio
ements”
oint” over thdisplacemen
sponding to
4024”, natural
ght box ressing belong .2.3.7.)
38
ss → on
he nt
F
To loca
Object” 2.3.12). Point” apoint worigin of
Each bloface. If one of thPoints” displacePoints”
Consea
Fig. 2.3.11 –
ate a particuoption, fromIn the searc
and it will thith the rightf the coordin
ock has fouradjacent conhem remains
button froements/velocbutton shoul
Co
ntrol Points arch option
Fig. 2.3.9 –
Fig. 2.3.10
– Access Men
ular control m the menu ch window (
hen appear int mouse but
nate axes (Fig
r control pontrol points as. To activatom the tooities/accelerald remain ena
ontrol Points Button
– “Displacem
0 – Control P
nu to Search
point withi“Show →O
(Fig. 2.3.13)n the design tton will obtg. 2.3.14).
ints, locatedare detected te the controolbar. Bear ations at thabled. (Fig.
ments” Form
Points Button
for Control
in the modeObject → Co) enter the Iwindow. Clitain its posi
d on the edg(for the stu
ol points, prein mind t
hese points,2.3.10, Fig.
m
n
Points by ID
el, use the ontrol Point”ID of the “Cicking on a cition regardi
es of the upck blocks ca
ess the “Conthat to obt, the “Con2.3.11)
D.
“Show ” (Fig.
Control control ing the
pper ase) trol tain trol
39
40
Fig. 2.3.12 – The P55 Control Point is displayed by using the “Show Object” option.
Fig. 2.3.13 – “Control Point” Search Window
Fig. 2.3.14 – Control Point location is displayed by using the “Show Object” option.
“Control Point” P47 Location
2
WP
F
2.3.3.2 Displ
We can grapPlot” (Fig. 2
Fig. 2.3.16 –
The grapdeterminhas suffeforces. It is pos(velocitiwhich isvalue is,
lacements, v
h the obtaine.3.15).
Fig.
– The chart rX. The s
ph representnate point offered with res
sible to add ies and accels located belo, by default,
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velocities an
ed results by
2.3.15 – Acc
represents peelected Cont
s the displacf the foundaspect to its o
or remove nleration), by ow the contr0.001. (Fig.
p M
nd accelerati
y using the “P
cess to graph
eak to peak dtrol Point co
cement, veloation (controriginal positi
nodes from thchanging th
rol point list 2.3.17)
Max. Magnitu(0 to peak)
ion graphics
Plot” option
hic results wi
displacementrresponds to
city or accell point or foion by the ac
he graphic ohe ‘number oof the “Plot”
ude
M
s
in “Analysis
indow
ts at a horizoo the SCA.
leration whicoundation SCction of exter
of displacemeof steps’ opti” form. The s
Max. Magnitu(Peak to Pea
→Results →
ontal directio
ch a CA) rnal
ents ion, step
ude ak)
41
→
on
42
Fig. 2.3.17 – Plot Form – The time interval between nodes has been changed from the default value (0.001) to 0.1 (the distance unit depends on the selected one at the beginning of the project)
2.3.4 Static Analysis
It is possible to obtain the soil pressures for each control point belonging to the soil contact area. To access this option go to “Analysis → Results → Static Analysis”.
The Static Analysis is performed only for dead weight.
Fig. 2.3.17i – Access menu to the Static Analysis option.
Fig. 2.3.17e – Soil Pressures for each control point belonging to the SCA.
Static Analysis
M
Vibration CMachinery (Bl
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chinery (Bla; “New Vssing and P
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ty chart (Ba” ASME P
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For all magnituunits of right sidaxis has
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Fig. 2.3.
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rvice Factor actor. In the F
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44
3 Tit“ TeEs
T
3. Annex A –
The “Periodincreasing thto that perfor“Functions”
The data coexample, in oExcitation” osame for the
The periodic
G
C
– Machine w
dic excitatiohe complexitrmed througoption (Fig.
oncerning thorder to achioption. The periodic ana
Fig. 3.1.1f (t) in
c force shown
Machine T
Frequenc
ID
Generator
Pump
Condenser
with Periodi
on” optionty of operatiogh the “Rotat 3.3.1).
he machine ieve a propersteps to pro
alysis case; h
Table 3.1.1
1 – Periodic units of weig
n in Fig. 3.1.
Type
cy
Shape
Prismatic
Prismatic
Cylindrical
ic Excitation
provides fleon. You can ting Machine
has been r understandoceed with thence, it is ig
1 – Machine
Force of a Rght tons, and
.1 is applied
Mach
Weight[t
12,11
6,701
l 6,269
n
exibility of even make
e”, by using
developed aing of the ca
the Item 2.2.gnored in this
Parameters
Reciprocatingd t in seconds
vertically fo
hine
Reciprocat
26,3
tonf] D
6 Lx
1 L
9
analysis wia harmonic athe cosine f
and exaggerapabilities of .2.1 “Mass Is annex.
g Machine s of time
or this examp
ting Machine
31Hz
Dimensions ap
x:3,7 Ly:2,6
Lx:1,26 Ly:2
R: 0,9 L
ithout undulanalysis equfunction in th
rated for thf the “PeriodInput” are th
ple.
pprox. [m]
6 Lz: 3,79
Lz: 2,3
Ly:6,9
45
ly ual he
his dic he
46
3.1 Machine The machine type discussed in this annex is composed of masses of the same characteristics to those recently studied in this the tutorial. However, the applied force is not sinusoidal as in the previous example, but its time variation is as shown in Fig. 3.1.1.
3.1.1 Machine Input To set this type of machine, we begin by adding a “Center of Gravity” object to the model. The location is given by Table 3.1.1. The steps required to add a “Center of Gravity” object are listed in Item 2.2.2.2.
Until this moment, the steps with respect to the rotatory machine are the same. The changes come when choosing the type of machine in the “Machine” form.
Fig. 3.2.1 “Machine” Form
After selecting the “Periodic Excitation” of the “Machine” form, you set the period according to the parameters given in Table 3.1.1, and the number of harmonics for the Fourier Series. For this example we use 80 harmonics. (Fig. 3.2.1)
A bigger number of terms (harmonics) for the Fourier Series, implies a better approximation of the results. (Fig. 3.2.1)
The period set in the “Machine” form is considered as a global period, hence, it is the maximum period for all the periodic forces. If a periodic force exceeds the maximum established period, then the period of the periodic force will be truncated until the maximum established.
3
Tm
AiF
Ao
3.2 Forces In
To enter themenu bar "D
As shown inis not activeFunction" bu
After the funon the center
To add ppress on
Althoug
the softwfunctionas explafunction
nput
e force plotteDefine → Fun
n Fig. 3.3.1, te until this putton.
nction has ber of gravity "
points to the n the “-” butto
gh the periodware deeme
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ns.
ed in Fig. 3nctions".
Fig. 3.3.1
there is a forpoint, it shal
een defined i"turbine" (Fig
function, preon. (Fig. 3.3
d of the “Fz” ed that the p8s (the appliee, this is th
.1.1, go to t
1 – “Functio
rce function wll be now sa
it is possibleg. 3.3.2)
ess on the “+.1)
function addperiod of thed one in thehe period th
the "Functio
ons” Form
with its respaved. To do
e to use it. In
+” button. To
ded in Fig. 3his function e “Machine” hat applies
ns" form, w
pective nameo this, press
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o remove poi
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ints,
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47
he
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ve a nt
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When you clshows a list "Fz" defined
With these cCalculate" o
When this isthrough the d(Fig. 2.3.15 -
Access t
There aBy P3.3.1By E(Fig.
These
To defin
“Functioname tothe left expressidescribevariable
Fig
lick one of tof predefine
d above, as a
changes, you r press F5 to
s done the andisplacemen- Fig 2.3.16)
to the "Funct
are two waysPoints: Addin
) Expression: A
3.4.3). It is
options are a
ne a functioons” form an the new funmouse butt
ion (Fig. 3.4e a curve as
represents th
g. 3.3.2 – Sid
the drop-dowed force funcvertical load
will be ableo start the ana
nalysis is finnts table (Fig).
tions" form,
to add a perng point by p
Adding the mpossible to d
accessible by
on using the nd then clicknction in the ton on the 4.4a). It is ps shown in he time axis
de bar, “Turb
wn boxes of ctions added d.
e to analyze talysis.
nished and itg. 2.3.8 – Fig
from "Defin
riodic functiopoint until the
mathematic exdefine a piece
y clicking on
“By Expresk on the side
“Function N“+” button
possible to uFig. 3.4.4b.in seconds.
bine” proper
the side tab by the user
the system a
t is then posg. 2.3.9) or b
e → Functio
on in the “Fue curve is com
xpression of ewise-define
n their respec
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use the defa. In the exp
rties
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again. Go to
ssible to obtaby using the
ons"
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f the functioned function.
ctive tab.
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Next, click new mathemault functionpression, the
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"Analysis →
ain the resul“Plot” optio
rm: g.
n.
n the ive a with
matic ns to e “t”
48
it on
→
lts on
49
Fig.3.4.3 - Functions defined using the option “By Expression”. Note that the amplitude of force (1.62 [tons] for the turbine and 1.5 [tons] for the generator) is used directly in the function definition form.
Fig. 3.4.4a – “Add Function” button. Fig. 3.4.4b – Default functions
Add New Function
Operators
Default Functions
v
Fig. 3.4.8 –
Once thewhich cin “Ana
Fig.
– Resultant F
e loads are aorresponds t
alysis → Resu
Forces
3.4.7 – “For
Force of the Fig
applied, we cto the total suults → Force
s on SCA
rces in center
“turbine” ang.3.4.3.
can verify theum of the foes in center o
r of SCA” op
nd “generato
e resultant forces assignedof SCA” (Fig
ption.
or” functions
orce on the Sd. This optiog. 3.4.7)
s defined in
SCA on is
50