closing clive holtham
TRANSCRIPT
Timeline
1951 First Business Computer1969 Internet1982 IBM PC1991 WWW Web 1.02000 Web 2.0 (social)20?? Web 3.0 (semantic)20?? Web 4.0 (artificial intelligence)
Nova Spivack Roadmap
Tim-Berners Lee, 1999
I have a dream for the Web [in which computers] become capable of analyzing all the data on the Web – the content, links, and transactions between people and computers. A ‘Semantic Web’, which should make this possible, has yet to emerge, but when it does, the day-to-day mechanisms of trade, bureaucracy and our daily lives will be handled by machines talking to machines. The ‘intelligent agents’ people have touted for ages will finally materialize.
Web 3.0 perspectives
Semantic WebThe Internet of ThingsM2MPull
Importance of 3.0 to directors
Transformations of information and knowledge
Investments and riskOpenness and transparencyEfficiencyBarriers & mindsets
The Cathedral and the Bazaar
Cathedral: carefully crafted by individual wizards or small bands of mages working in splendid isolation, with no beta to be released before its time
Bazaar: a great babbling bazaar of differing agendas and approaches
http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue3_3/raymond/ http://tuxedo.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/
cathedral-bazaar/
Cathedral
Standards-basedCollaborative
Taxonomies
Bazaar
OrganicCompetitive
Natural LanguageProcessing
PhysicalObject/Event
HumanNotes
Record ProcessArchive/Destroy
HumanAction
Records 3200 BC
PhysicalObject/Event
MachineData
Record ProcessArchive/Destroy
MachineAction
Records – machine based
PhysicalObject/Event
MachineData
Data on, in, about the object/event
Metadata
Pull – Semantic Web Acid Test
1. Is it semantic?1. Are the terms unambiguous?
2. Are they tagged in a royalty-free format, governed by a non-profit institution, that all software programs can understand?
2. Is it on the web?1. Is it online using a common name space that
makes it easily findable?
2. Is it shared between collaborators and companies?
3. Does it use the information already online to get smarter as more people use the system?
Turn of the screw
Principle discovered around 400 BCLimited use until machine tools made mass production possible
(18th cent.)Every machine shop and foundry made unique sizes and thread
dimensions1841: Joseph Whitworth presented “The Uniform System of
Screw-Threads” to Britain’s Institute of Civil Engineers
1864: William Sellers proposes “On a Uniform System of Screw Threads” to the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia
Enabled interchangeable parts and tooling for mechanization and mass production
1945: British and American standards merged
The Machine Screw
A successful standard
on
ISO 216 Communications Standard
Globalization starts with getting the details right. Inconsistent use of SI units and international standard paper sizes remain today a primary cause for U.S. businesses failing to meet the expectations of customers worldwide
Marcus Kuhn, University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory
German standard DIN 476 in 1922, and soon introduced in many other countries, Belgium (1924), Netherlands (1925), Norway (1926), Switzerland (1929), Sweden (1930), Soviet Union (1934), Hungary (1938), Italy (1939), Uruguay (1942), Argentina (1943), Brazil (1943), Spain (1947), Austria (1948), Romania (1949), Japan (1951), Denmark (1953), Czechoslovakia (1953), Israel (1954), Portugal (1954), Yugoslavia (1956), India (1957), Poland (1957), United Kingdom (1959), Venezuela (1962), New Zealand (1963), Iceland (1964), Mexico (1965), South Africa (1966), France (1967), Peru (1967), Turkey (1967), Chile (1968), Greece (1970), Zimbabwe (1970), Singapore (1970), Bangladesh (1972), Thailand (1973), Barbados (1973), Australia (1974), Ecuador (1974), Columbia (1975) and Kuwait (1975). It finally became both an international standard (ISO 216) as well as the official United Nations format in 1975 and it is today used in almost all countries on this planet, leaving North America as the only remaining exception.
PhysicalObject/Event
MachineData
Record ProcessArchive/Destroy
MachineAction
Taxonomies
Rules to represent the data
XML (Deloitte, 2010)
Acord XML Dictionary
XBRL
eXtensible Business Reporting Language“a free XML-based specification that uses accepted financial
reporting standards and practices to exchange financial statements across all software and technologies, including the internet”
AICPA led, with 30+ sponsors including Big 5, software vendors, ICAEW, IBM
www.xbrl.orgConceived in April 1998 Charles Hoffman, a CPA with
the firm Knight Vale and Gregory in Tacoma, Washington
October 2, 1998, AICPA agreed to fund the project to create a prototype
.. a standard for the electronic exchange of data between businesses and on the internet. Under XML, identifying tags are applied to items of data so that they can be processed efficiently by computer software.
XBRL
Taxonomies (Deloitte, 2010)
Semantic Web Stack
Related Technologies
TaggingRFIDM2MRemote ControlDigital to Analogue
M2M
Openness and transparency
Conclusion
Techology already existsNot necessarily economic yetStandards are centralConflicting stakeholder interestsVendors will continue to oppose standardsProfessions will be central to the open
standards without which Web 3.0 will be stifled