cloud and precipitation notes. water cycle most of the earth’s water is recycled oceans hold most...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cloud and Precipitation Notes
![Page 2: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Water Cycle• Most of the Earth’s water is recycled• Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from a liquid to a gas– Condensation: The change of state from a gas to a liquid– Precipitation: Water falls from clouds to the earth
![Page 3: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
How are clouds formed?• Made of condensed water vapor– Air cools as it rises and condenses into tiny droplets
or ice crystals– These tiny droplets/ice crystals are so light they
either float as clouds or fall very slowly
• Water must condense on something solid (Ex. dust, smoke, salt, etc.)
![Page 4: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Characteristics of clouds
• Form under different conditions
• Shapes and sizes are determined by air movement
• Location is also a factor– Higher altitude = tiny crystals – Lower altitude = water
droplets/ice crystals
![Page 5: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
3 Main Types of Clouds
• Cirrus • Cumulus • Stratus
![Page 6: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Two prefixes that help to describe clouds further are:
• Nimbo/nimbus – Produce
precipitation
• Alto–Medium
altitude
![Page 7: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cirrus Clouds• Means “curl of hair”• Form at high altitudes
in very cold air• It is made of ice• Wispy or feathery in
appearance• Normally found in fair
weather but can be a sign that a storm is approaching
![Page 8: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cumulus Clouds
• Means “heap” or “pile” • Puffy white clouds with darker bases• Usually appear in the daytime• Cooler air sinks along the sides of
these clouds keeping them apart• Cumulonimbus clouds are ones that
produce thunder storms, they are also called thunderheads
![Page 9: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Stratus Clouds• Means “spread out”• These are the clouds that produce ‘grey’ skies• They form in flat layers when air cools over
large area without rising• They are smooth because they form without
strong air movement
![Page 10: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Fog• A cloud that rests on the ground or a body of water• If forms when a surface is colder than the air above it• Heaviest at dawn• It can be a safety hazard while driving because it
makes it hard to see what is in front of you
![Page 12: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What is precipitation?
• Any form of water that falls from the clouds and reaches Earth’s surface
• Cloud droplets are much smaller than a typical raindrop• Precipitation always comes from clouds but not all
clouds form precipitation– What types of clouds do?
![Page 13: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Formation
• Cloud droplets (water) or ice crystals must grow heavy enough to fall through the air.
• They get heavier by colliding or combining with other droplets.
![Page 14: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Measuring Precipitation
• Rain Gauge• Measuring snow
![Page 15: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Types of Precipitation• Rain• Sleet• Freezing Rain• Snow• Hail
![Page 16: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Rain
• Most common form
• .5mm in diameter
• Fall from nimbostratus clouds
![Page 17: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Rain
![Page 18: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sleet
• When there are layers of warm air and cold air in the sky.
• As droplets fall they freeze into solid ice particles
![Page 19: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sleet
![Page 20: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Freezing Rain
• Raindrops falling through cold air that don’t freeze until they reach a cold surface (the ground)
• Looks like sleet as it falls but freezes on the surface instead of right before it hits the surface
![Page 21: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Freezing Rain
![Page 22: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Freezing Rain vs. Sleet
• What is the difference between the two pictures?• Which is freezing rain and which is sleet? WHY?
![Page 23: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Snow• Ice crystals grow and merge
to form snowflakes• Variety of shapes and sizes• Most have 6 sides or
branches• When they fall through moist
air that is near freezing they clump together
• When falling through colder drier air they don’t
![Page 24: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Hail• Only forms inside
cumulonimbus clouds
• Strong updrafts carry the ice pellets up and down causing the pellet to get bigger
• When it gets to heavy it falls to the ground
![Page 25: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Hail
![Page 26: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Acid Rain• Forms when factories, power plants, automobiles
and some natural sources release sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the air
• They combine with the water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid
• This acid rain can affect trees, lakes and damage the surface of buildings and sculptures
![Page 28: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Acid Rain damage
![Page 29: Cloud and Precipitation Notes. Water Cycle Most of the Earth’s water is recycled Oceans hold most of the water – Evaporation: The change of state from](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d985503460f94a83018/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
How Acid Rain Forms