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Contents� Introduction (What and Why)

� Key characteristics

� Components (What is Virtualization?)

� Supported Application Framework

� Architecture� Architecture

� Cloud APIs and Cloud Types

� Economics

� Privacy

� Google App engine and Amazon EC2

� Latest Trends

� Applications

� References

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Introduction

Broadly, it is combination of three Computing concepts :1. Grid Computing-Cluster of loosely coupled computers for a

common cause2. Utility Computing-Packaging of computer resources as a metered

service3. Autonomic Computing-Capable of self management

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Contd..Thus ,many cloud computing deployments ,

� depend on grids (as basic back end)

� have autonomic characteristics (self management)

bill like utilities (viz. electricity)� bill like utilities (viz. electricity)

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What is cloud?� The cloud is a computing service that charges you

based only on the amount of computing resources we use.

� Pay as you go� Pay as you go

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Why?Due to disadvantages of :-

� Licensed Software

� Software as a service

And due to advantage of :-

� Cloud Computing

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Key Characteristics

� Agility

� Cost

� Device and

� Reliability

� Scalability

� SecurityDevice and location independence

� Multi tenancy

Security

� Sustainability

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Basic Components of Cloud Computing

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Supported Application Frameworks

Platform Framework

Google App Engine Java Google Web Google App Engine Java Google Web Toolkit,Python

Heroku Ruby on Rails

Azure Services Platform

.Net

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Cloud Computing Architecture� Software as a Service

� Platform as a Service

� Infrastructure as a Service

These 3 services encapsulate the basic 6 Cloud These 3 services encapsulate the basic 6 Cloud Computing Components

Next few slides will elaborate these 3 services..

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Software as a Service� Software as a service features a complete application

offered as a service on demand.

� A single instance of the software runs on the cloud � A single instance of the software runs on the cloud and services multiple end users or client organizations.

� Eg: salesforce.com , Google Apps

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Platform as a Service� Platform as a service encapsulates a layer of software

and provides it as a service that can be used to build higher-level services.

� 2 Perspectives for PaaS :-� 2 Perspectives for PaaS :-

1. Producer:- Someone producing PaaS might produce a platform by integrating an OS, middleware, application software, and even a development environment that is then provided to a customer as a service.

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PaaS Contd..

2. Consumer:-Someone using PaaS would see an encapsulated service that is presented to them through an API. through an API.

The customer interacts with the platform through the API, and the platform does what is necessary to manage and scale itself to provide a given level of service.

Virtual appliances can be classified as instances of PaaS.

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Infrastructure as a Service� Infrastructure as a service delivers basic storage and

computing capabilities as standardized services over the network.

� Servers, storage systems, switches, routers , and other systems are pooled and made available to handle workloads that range from application components to high-performance computing applications.

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Cloud APIs � One of the key characteristics that distinguishes cloud

computing from standard enterprise computing is that the infrastructure itself is programmable.

� Instead of physically deploying servers, storage, and network resources to support applications, developers specify how the same virtual components are configured and interconnected.

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Cloud APIs contd…

� Including how virtual machine images and application data are stored and retrieved from a storage cloud.

� They specify how and when components are deployed through an API that is specified by the cloud provider.

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Cloud Computing Types

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Public Clouds

� Public clouds are run by third parties, and applications from different customers are likely to be mixed together on the cloud’s servers, storage systems, and networks.networks.

� Public clouds are most often hosted away from customer premises, and they provide a way to reduce customer risk and cost by providing a flexible, even temporary extension to enterprise infrastructure.

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Private Clouds� Private clouds are built for the exclusive use of one

client, providing the utmost control over data, security, and quality of service .

� The company owns the infrastructure and has control over how applications are deployed on it.over how applications are deployed on it.

� Private clouds may be deployed in an enterprise datacenter.

� Private clouds can be built and managed by a company’s own IT organization or by a cloud provider.

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Hybrid clouds

� Hybrid clouds combine both public and private cloud models .

� They can help to provide on-demand, externally provisioned scale. provisioned scale.

� The ability to augment a private cloud with the resources of a public cloud can be used to maintain service levels in the face of rapid workload fluctuations.

� A hybrid cloud also can be used to handle planned workload spikes.

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Economics�Avoid capital expenditure� Billed on utility/subscriptionutility/subscription� Can terminate contract any time� Lower cost of entry� Example (car, rent car, taxi)

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� In a turbulent economy, cloud computing is even more attractive

� ( Why pay for more computing capacity than you need?!!!!)need?!!!!)

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Privacy� Encrypt data at rest

� Encrypt data in transit

Strong authentication� Strong authentication

� Cryptography and more secure algorithms

� Manage access right holder

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Google App Engine

� What is it?

It can run your web applications on Google’s infrastructure and easy to scale for traffic and data storage

� Features (dynamic web serving, persistent storage, automatic scaling)

Sandbox –Isolates your application in its own secure,reliable environment that is independent of hardware,operating system and physical location of web server

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� Application environment

• Java

• Python

� Data store (powerful distributed data store withquery engine and transactions,can scale asquery engine and transactions,can scale asrequired, is consistent and uses optimisticconcurrency control, grouping of data is done)

� App engine services (URL Fetch, Mail, MemCache, Image Manipulation)

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Amazon ec2

� What is it?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud.

Service Highlights� Service Highlights

-Elastic

-Reliable

-Completely Controlled

-Secure

-Inexpensive

-Flexible 27

Contd..

EC2 works in conjunction with

� Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3),

� Amazon SimpleDB� Amazon SimpleDB

� Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS)

to provide a complete solution for computing, query processing and storage across a wide range of applications.

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Features

� Amazon Elastic Block Store

� Multiple locations

Elastic IP� Elastic IP

� Amazon Cloudwatch,

� Auto Scaling,

� Elastic Load balancing

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Uses� Peer-to-peer / volunteer computing (Bittorrent,

Skype)

� Web application (Facebook)� Web application (Facebook)

� Software as a service (Google Apps, SAP )

� Software plus services (Microsoft Online Services)

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Latest Trends� Integrating more scripting languages

� Data center volumes

� Open source cloud computing (Red Hat)

Salesforce for Google apps� Salesforce for Google apps

� Going green

So concluding…

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References� www.wikipedia.org

� You tube cloud computing videos

� What is Google App Engine? – Google

Introduction to Cloud Computing architecture � Introduction to Cloud Computing architecture White Paper 1st Edition, June 2009

� Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud – Amazon

� Cloud Computing Potentials -Raphael Volz

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