CLOUD COMPUTINGCLOUD COMPUTING

Everyone is talking about Everyone is talking about “The “The Cloud.”Cloud.”

But what does it mean?But what does it mean?

• Do you have electricity at home?Do you have electricity at home?

• Do u have generator or turbine?Do u have generator or turbine?

DO YOU USE?DO YOU USE?

• Servers Servers

• RamRam

HOW MANY OF YOU USE HOW MANY OF YOU USE CLOUD COMPUTING?CLOUD COMPUTING?

• FacebookFacebook

• GmailGmail

• OrkutOrkut

• YoutubeYoutube

• You are headed for the cloudsYou are headed for the clouds

If you use email, or go to a social If you use email, or go to a social network and post photos, access network and post photos, access online document software, or use online document software, or use your company's hardware/software, your company's hardware/software, you're probably using the cloudyou're probably using the cloud

CLOUD COMPUTING: AN OLD IDEA CLOUD COMPUTING: AN OLD IDEA WHOSE TIME HAS (FINALLY) COMEWHOSE TIME HAS (FINALLY) COME

• John McCarthy opined in the 1960s John McCarthy opined in the 1960s that “Computation may someday be that “Computation may someday be organized as a organized as a public utility..

• Cloud Computing's roots go all the Cloud Computing's roots go all the way back to the 1950s when way back to the 1950s when scientist scientist Herb Grosch (the author of (the author ofGrosch's law) postulated that the ) postulated that the entire world would operate on dumb entire world would operate on dumb terminals powered by about 15 large terminals powered by about 15 large data centersdata centers

• Cloud Computing is an emerging computing Cloud Computing is an emerging computing technology that uses the internet and central technology that uses the internet and central remote servers to maintain data and remote servers to maintain data and applications´.applications´.

• Cloud is a style of computing where scalable and Cloud is a style of computing where scalable and elastic IT-related capabilities are provided as a elastic IT-related capabilities are provided as a service to external customers using Internet service to external customers using Internet technologies on a pay per use model-Gartnertechnologies on a pay per use model-Gartner

We all know we can access We all know we can access electricity from the power station electricity from the power station from anywhere, anytime from from anywhere, anytime from any electrical device as long any electrical device as long as we are connected to a power as we are connected to a power point. point.

We can access as much or as We can access as much or as little as we want, and we only little as we want, and we only pay for what we use. Cloud pay for what we use. Cloud Computing works using the same Computing works using the same principle.principle.

Cloud Computing can be Cloud Computing can be compared to electricitycompared to electricity

1.On demand1.On demand

2.Broad access2.Broad access

3.measured access (Bill)3.measured access (Bill)

• Your phone charger, laptop or any electrical Your phone charger, laptop or any electrical device in your office only accepts electricity device in your office only accepts electricity from your office and nowhere else! Yes! from your office and nowhere else! Yes! Your charger, your laptop, your projector Your charger, your laptop, your projector even your toaster in the office are only even your toaster in the office are only compatible with the electricity in your office.compatible with the electricity in your office.

• If you are using cloud computing, like the If you are using cloud computing, like the electricity grid, if you have a party at your electricity grid, if you have a party at your office and need more power to office and need more power to accommodate the lights, the stereo, the accommodate the lights, the stereo, the bar, the band etc, you just switch it on and bar, the band etc, you just switch it on and you only pay for your usage that night!you only pay for your usage that night!

• The actual term “Cloud" borrows from The actual term “Cloud" borrows from telephony in that telecommunications telephony in that telecommunications companies, who until the 1990s primarily companies, who until the 1990s primarily offered dedicated point-to-point data offered dedicated point-to-point data circuits, circuits,

• began offering began offering VIRTUALPRIVATE VIRTUALPRIVATE NETWORKNETWORK (VPN)´ services with (VPN)´ services with comparable quality of service but at a comparable quality of service but at a much lower costmuch lower cost

VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKVIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK

•   VPN is nothing but a private VPN is nothing but a private network, which uses a public network network, which uses a public network to connect with remote users or sitesto connect with remote users or sites

Web Hosting VS Cloud Web Hosting VS Cloud computingcomputing

• Web Hosting gives you a fixed server or Web Hosting gives you a fixed server or a portion of a single server, where cloud a portion of a single server, where cloud computing gives you the benefit of many computing gives you the benefit of many servers all working together as one.servers all working together as one.

• Where Cloud Computing really offers Where Cloud Computing really offers benefits is when a Website or application benefits is when a Website or application gets hit with a lot of traffic in a very gets hit with a lot of traffic in a very short amount of time. short amount of time.

• This is also known asThis is also known as “ “SSlash-Dotted" " oror ““TThe Digg Effect””..

Three reasons on why CloudThree reasons on why Cloud

• ScalabilityScalability

• Cost Cost

• InstantInstant

TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTINGTYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud Computing is typically classified Cloud Computing is typically classified in two ways:in two ways:

• Location of the cloud computingLocation of the cloud computing

• Type of services offeredType of services offered

BASED ON LOCATIONBASED ON LOCATION

•Public CloudPublic Cloud:: In Public cloud the In Public cloud the computing infrastructure is hosted by computing infrastructure is hosted by the cloud vendor at the vendors the cloud vendor at the vendors premises. The customer has no premises. The customer has no visibility and control over where the visibility and control over where the computing infrastructure is hosted. computing infrastructure is hosted. The computing infrastructure is The computing infrastructure is shared between any organizationsshared between any organizations..

•Private cloudPrivate cloud : : The computing The computing infrastructure is dedicated to a infrastructure is dedicated to a particular organization and not shared particular organization and not shared with other organizations. Some experts with other organizations. Some experts consider that private clouds are not real consider that private clouds are not real examples of cloud computing. Private examples of cloud computing. Private clouds are more expensive and more clouds are more expensive and more secure when compared to public secure when compared to public clouds.clouds.

TYPES OF PRIVATE CLOUDTYPES OF PRIVATE CLOUD

• On premiseOn premise

• Externally hosted by a third party Externally hosted by a third party specialised in cloud infrastructurespecialised in cloud infrastructure

•Hybrid cloudHybrid cloud :  : Organizations may host Organizations may host

critical applications on private clouds critical applications on private clouds

and applications with relatively less and applications with relatively less

security concerns on the public cloud. security concerns on the public cloud.

The usage of both private and public The usage of both private and public

clouds together is called hybrid cloudclouds together is called hybrid cloud

•Community CloudCommunity Cloud :Sharing of computing :Sharing of computing infrastructure in between infrastructure in between

organizations of the same community. organizations of the same community.

For example:- all Government For example:- all Government

organizations within the state of organizations within the state of

California may share computing California may share computing

infrastructure on the cloud to manage infrastructure on the cloud to manage

data related to citizens residing in data related to citizens residing in

California.California.

DIVISION BASED ON SERVICEDIVISION BASED ON SERVICE

INFRASTRUTURE AS A INFRASTRUTURE AS A SERVICE(IAAS)SERVICE(IAAS)

It involves offering hardware related It involves offering hardware related services using the principles of services using the principles of

cloud cloud computing. computing.

These could include some kind of These could include some kind of storage services (database or disk storage services (database or disk

storage) or virtual serversstorage) or virtual servers

SOFTWARE AS SERVICE(SAAS)SOFTWARE AS SERVICE(SAAS)

• Includes a complete software offering Includes a complete software offering on the cloud. on the cloud.

• Users can access a software Users can access a software application hosted by the cloud application hosted by the cloud vendor on pay-per-use basisvendor on pay-per-use basis

PLATFORM AS A PLATFORM AS A SERVICE(PAAS)SERVICE(PAAS)

• Platform as a Service (PAAS) is a way to Platform as a Service (PAAS) is a way to rent hardware, operating systems, rent hardware, operating systems, storage and network capacity over the storage and network capacity over the Internet. Internet.

• The service delivery model allows the The service delivery model allows the customer to rent virtualized servers and customer to rent virtualized servers and associated services for running existing associated services for running existing applications or developing and testing applications or developing and testing new ones.new ones.

When it comes to the Operating System (OS), it is often arguable whether it’s managed by the provider or customer.  Using AWS as an example, AMI (Amazon Machine Image) offers customers several types of Operating Systems such as Windows Server, Linux SUSE, andLinux Red Hat. Although the OS is preloaded, AWS will not maintain or update it.

Considering a common scenario Considering a common scenario when you have finished when you have finished developing a multi-tier developing a multi-tier application, you as the developer application, you as the developer will need to deploy it to the cloud. will need to deploy it to the cloud. The application will need to be The application will need to be hosted on a Web Server and an hosted on a Web Server and an RDBMS databaseRDBMS database

• Preparing Database ServersPreparing Database Servers : : Select the VM Images from the VM Images library. The Select the VM Images from the VM Images library. The VM Image will then get provisioned and launched. If DBMS software is not provided, VM Image will then get provisioned and launched. If DBMS software is not provided, you will need to install DBMS on your own.you will need to install DBMS on your own.

• Preparing Web / Application Servers : Preparing Web / Application Servers : Select VM Images from the library to get Select VM Images from the library to get provisioned and launched. If the web/app server/runtime aren’t installed, you’ll need to provisioned and launched. If the web/app server/runtime aren’t installed, you’ll need to install them by yourself.install them by yourself.

• Provisioning a Database and Its Objects : Provisioning a Database and Its Objects : The next step is about provisioning the The next step is about provisioning the database, including configuring the data files, log files, security, etc. Then you create database, including configuring the data files, log files, security, etc. Then you create the tables and add data to it.the tables and add data to it.

• Deploying Your Application : Deploying Your Application : Next you take the application that you’ve developed and Next you take the application that you’ve developed and deploy it to the Web Server.deploy it to the Web Server.

• Configuring load-balancer : Configuring load-balancer : When you need to host your application on multiple When you need to host your application on multiple instances, you may also need to configure things such as the IP Address for each instances, you may also need to configure things such as the IP Address for each instance and load balancer.instance and load balancer.

• Managing Your VMs and DMBS : Managing Your VMs and DMBS : The final step is about managing the VMs. For The final step is about managing the VMs. For example, when there’s an update or service pack on the OS, the IAAS provider will not example, when there’s an update or service pack on the OS, the IAAS provider will not automatically do it for you. Instead, you may need to do it by yourself.automatically do it for you. Instead, you may need to do it by yourself.

DATABASE PROVISIONINGDATABASE PROVISIONING

You might need to indicate where You might need to indicate where (which region) your virtual DB Server (which region) your virtual DB Server is provisioned, but you don’t have to is provisioned, but you don’t have to install a bunch of DBMS software on install a bunch of DBMS software on your own. You will need to provision your own. You will need to provision the database, create tables, and add the database, create tables, and add data.data.

• If the VM where your application is hosted If the VM where your application is hosted has any hardware issues, the provider has any hardware issues, the provider should be able to detect the failure and should be able to detect the failure and rectify it immediately to make sure that rectify it immediately to make sure that your application will stay up and running. your application will stay up and running. In Windows Azure, Fabric Controller will be In Windows Azure, Fabric Controller will be the component handling these kinds of the component handling these kinds of issues.issues.

• If there are new updates or patches on the If there are new updates or patches on the Operating System, the provider will make Operating System, the provider will make sure that the VM your application sits on is sure that the VM your application sits on is always updated. For example: Windows always updated. For example: Windows Azure uses “Guest OS Version” to Azure uses “Guest OS Version” to differentiate service updates. Of course differentiate service updates. Of course you can also choose to stick to one version you can also choose to stick to one version or auto-update.or auto-update.

• PAAS providers indeed take on much PAAS providers indeed take on much

more responsibility for your solution more responsibility for your solution

than an IAAS provider would.than an IAAS provider would.

BASIC REQUIREMENT OF A BASIC REQUIREMENT OF A CLOUDCLOUD

•ScalabilityScalability involves the ability to  involves the ability to grow large while functionality remains grow large while functionality remains undiminished.undiminished.

•ResilienceResilience is the ability to keep going  is the ability to keep going when infrastructure elements fail.when infrastructure elements fail.

• A cloud must support Security A cloud must support Security requirements for applicationsrequirements for applications

SCALABILITYSCALABILITY

• Scalability is the ability of a system, Scalability is the ability of a system, network, or process, to handle a growing network, or process, to handle a growing amount of work in a capable manner or amount of work in a capable manner or its ability to be enlarged to accommodate its ability to be enlarged to accommodate that growththat growth

• The ability for aThe ability for a  DistributedDistributed System System to  to easily expand and contract its resource easily expand and contract its resource pool to accommodate heavier or lighter pool to accommodate heavier or lighter loads or number of inputsloads or number of inputs

SCALABILITYSCALABILITY

CLOUD COMPUTING CLOUD COMPUTING BENEFITSBENEFITS • Redundant data storageRedundant data storage  - Even if one hard disk fails - Even if one hard disk fails

your data is safe and will continue to be available your data is safe and will continue to be available automatically on another one;automatically on another one;

• Dedicated resourcesDedicated resources - The latest cloud computing  - The latest cloud computing technology ensures that your resources are dedicated to technology ensures that your resources are dedicated to you and not shared to others. This includes RAM and CPU you and not shared to others. This includes RAM and CPU according to the plan you choose.according to the plan you choose.

• No single point of failure -No single point of failure - Each part of the service is Each part of the service is ensured to be redundant and distributed. This means that ensured to be redundant and distributed. This means that there are no hardware problems, nor software problems there are no hardware problems, nor software problems from the underlying technology. from the underlying technology. 

• Resource usage efficiencyResource usage efficiency  - Best options to scale to - Best options to scale to your usage and naturally pay only what you use. your usage and naturally pay only what you use. 

• SecuritySecurity  - Each cloud user can be reliably isolated in his / - Each cloud user can be reliably isolated in his / her own environment. This ensures that security problems her own environment. This ensures that security problems will be also isolated in the otherwise shared environment.will be also isolated in the otherwise shared environment.

• Virtualization is the creation of Virtualization is the creation of a a virtualvirtual (rather than actual) version of  (rather than actual) version of something, such as an something, such as an OOperating Systemperating System, , a a serverserver, a storage device or network , a storage device or network resources.resources.

• You probably know a little about You probably know a little about virtualization if you have ever divided virtualization if you have ever divided your your HHard Driveard Drive into different partitions.  into different partitions. A A PPartitionartition is the logical division of a hard  is the logical division of a hard disk drive to create, in effect, two separate disk drive to create, in effect, two separate hard drives.hard drives.

VIRTUALIZATIONVIRTUALIZATION

REASONS FOR VIRTUALISATIONREASONS FOR VIRTUALISATION

• n the case of server consolidation, many small physical servers are n the case of server consolidation, many small physical servers are replaced by one larger physical server to increase the utilization of replaced by one larger physical server to increase the utilization of costly hardware resources such as CPU. Although hardware is costly hardware resources such as CPU. Although hardware is consolidated, typically OSes are not. Instead, each OS running on a consolidated, typically OSes are not. Instead, each OS running on a physical server becomes converted to a distinct OS running inside a physical server becomes converted to a distinct OS running inside a virtual machine. The large server can "host" many such "guest" virtual virtual machine. The large server can "host" many such "guest" virtual machines. This is known as Physical-to-Virtual (P2V) transformation.machines. This is known as Physical-to-Virtual (P2V) transformation.

• Consolidating servers can also have the added benefit of reducing Consolidating servers can also have the added benefit of reducing energy consumption. A typical server runs at 425Wenergy consumption. A typical server runs at 425W[3][3] and VMware  and VMware estimates an average server consolidation ratio of 10:1.estimates an average server consolidation ratio of 10:1.[4][4]

• A virtual machine can be more easily controlled and inspected from A virtual machine can be more easily controlled and inspected from outside than a physical one, and its configuration is more flexible. This outside than a physical one, and its configuration is more flexible. This is very useful in kernel development and for teaching operating system is very useful in kernel development and for teaching operating system courses.courses.[5][5]

• A new virtual machine can be provisioned as needed without the need A new virtual machine can be provisioned as needed without the need for an up-front hardware purchase.for an up-front hardware purchase.

• A virtual machine can easily be relocated from one physical machine to A virtual machine can easily be relocated from one physical machine to another as needed. For example, a salesperson going to a customer can another as needed. For example, a salesperson going to a customer can copy a virtual machine with the demonstration software to his laptop, copy a virtual machine with the demonstration software to his laptop, without the need to transport the physical computer. Likewise, an error without the need to transport the physical computer. Likewise, an error inside a virtual machine does not harm the host system, so there is no inside a virtual machine does not harm the host system, so there is no risk of breaking down the OS on the laptop.risk of breaking down the OS on the laptop.

FEAR OF CLOUDFEAR OF CLOUD

Data security:Data security: Sensitive data processed Sensitive data processed outside the enterprise involves a greater outside the enterprise involves a greater level of risk because outsourced services level of risk because outsourced services bypass the “physical, logical and bypass the “physical, logical and personnel controls” when compared with personnel controls” when compared with the control measures imposed on the in-the control measures imposed on the in-house programs. house programs.

Customers are responsible ultimately to Customers are responsible ultimately to the security of the data even though the the security of the data even though the data are held by the cloud service providedata are held by the cloud service provide

RELIABILITY AND VIABLITYRELIABILITY AND VIABLITY

• Reliability is the level of accuracy an Reliability is the level of accuracy an application provides for its intended application provides for its intended services, usually dictated by user services, usually dictated by user documentation or application documentation or application specifications. specifications.

• Reliability is about providing correct Reliability is about providing correct results and handling error detection and results and handling error detection and recovery in order to avoid failures.More recovery in order to avoid failures.More formally,the mean time between formally,the mean time between failures (MTBF),that is, the average failures (MTBF),that is, the average length of time the application runs until length of time the application runs until a failure occurs,defines reliability. a failure occurs,defines reliability.

GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL AND JURISDICTIONAL ISSUESJURISDICTIONAL ISSUES

• The Cloud data that are secured in one The Cloud data that are secured in one country are not secured in another country are not secured in another country and the user is not sure about country and the user is not sure about where his data are and most of the where his data are and most of the times it is not disclosed to the user. times it is not disclosed to the user.

• So the user has to enquire the provider So the user has to enquire the provider as to the details of data protection laws as to the details of data protection laws in the relevant jurisdictions.in the relevant jurisdictions.

PHISHING ISSUESPHISHING ISSUES

• Phishing is other major issue the cloud Phishing is other major issue the cloud service provider faces. service provider faces.

• In November 2007, a successful phishing In November 2007, a successful phishing attack compromised contact information attack compromised contact information on a number of salesforce.com on a number of salesforce.com customers, which was then used to send customers, which was then used to send highly targeted phishing emails to highly targeted phishing emails to salesforce.com users. salesforce.com users. 

• The phishing breach was cited as an The phishing breach was cited as an example of why the CRM industry needs example of why the CRM industry needs greater security for users against such greater security for users against such threats as spam.threats as spam.

TRANSPARENCYTRANSPARENCY

• One of the problems regarding the One of the problems regarding the data when they are with a cloud data when they are with a cloud service provider is transparency, and service provider is transparency, and this is not only with Cloud Computing this is not only with Cloud Computing but anything. It should not be but anything. It should not be enough for service providers to enough for service providers to merely claim that their services are merely claim that their services are private and secure private and secure

CRITICISMCRITICISM

• Cloud Computing was simply a trap Cloud Computing was simply a trap aimed at forcing more people to buy aimed at forcing more people to buy into locked, proprietary systems that into locked, proprietary systems that would cost them more and more over would cost them more and more over time.time.

• Transmission of sensitive dataTransmission of sensitive data

CLOUD BENEFITS FOR CLOUD BENEFITS FOR BUSINESSBUSINESS

• Firms are still looking for the right Firms are still looking for the right balance between reducing the IT balance between reducing the IT budget and maintaining robust and budget and maintaining robust and efficient systems to support efficient systems to support performance needs.performance needs.

• Most beneficial for start upsMost beneficial for start ups

COST AND SAVINGSCOST AND SAVINGS• Here is no question that migrating to a Cloud-Here is no question that migrating to a Cloud-

Computing model can render significant cost Computing model can render significant cost savings for an investment firm. savings for an investment firm. 

• Rather than purchasing costly infrastructure Rather than purchasing costly infrastructure and building out their own communications and building out their own communications room, firms can outsource that infrastructure room, firms can outsource that infrastructure to a third-party and manage all of their data to a third-party and manage all of their data and applications from a simple Web address and applications from a simple Web address on the Interneton the Internet

GREEN BENEFITSGREEN BENEFITS

• Using the Internet as a gateway to Using the Internet as a gateway to technology –has a significant technology –has a significant environmental benefit.  environmental benefit. 

• The resources needed to maintain and The resources needed to maintain and manage a traditional communications manage a traditional communications room are considerable.room are considerable.

• Power, cooling and basic energy supply Power, cooling and basic energy supply equipment must be at peak equipment must be at peak performance at all times in order to performance at all times in order to facilitate maximum uptime for hedge facilitate maximum uptime for hedge funds and investment firms.With cloud funds and investment firms.With cloud computing, firms don’t need to host computing, firms don’t need to host internal equipment,thereby saving on internal equipment,thereby saving on energy costsenergy costs

CLOUD SERVICE PROVIDERSCLOUD SERVICE PROVIDERS

SAYING “YES” TO CLOUD SAYING “YES” TO CLOUD COMPUTINGCOMPUTING

• Each firm must rely on its own needs Each firm must rely on its own needs and resources in order to determine and resources in order to determine whether cloud computing is a good fit.  whether cloud computing is a good fit.  

• Firms should assess their individual Firms should assess their individual needs and determine the best strategy needs and determine the best strategy based on their current requirements.based on their current requirements.

suchithra.suriya@gmail.comsuchithra.suriya@gmail.com

ANY QUESTIONS?ANY QUESTIONS?