A

Training Report on

‘CLOUD DEPLOYMENT’

Submitted

in partial fulfillment

for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in Department of Computer Science & Engineering

GOVT. ENGINEERING COLLEGE BIKANER (RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA)

SESSION 2016-17

Submitted to: Submitted By:

Department of Computer Science Tushar Choudhary

Engineering College Bikaner 13EEBCS083

GOVT. ENGINEERING COLLEGE BIKANER SESSION 2016-17

CERTIFICATE

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the B.Tech. A training Report

entitled “Cloud Deployment”, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of

the Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering and submitted to the

Department of Computer Science & Engineering of Govt. Engineering College Bikaner,

Bikaner is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from May 2016

to July 2016 (7th Semester).

The matter presented in this Training Report has not been submitted by me for the

award of any other degree elsewhere.

Signature of Student

Tushar Choudhary (13EEBCS083)

This is to certify that the above statement made by the student(s) is correct to the best of

my knowledge.

Signature of Supervisor

Date: Name & Designation

Head

Computer Science & Engineering Department

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The training report on “CLOUD DEPLOYMENT” is outcome of guidance, moral support

and devotion bestowed on me throughout my work. For this I acknowledge and express my

profound sense of gratitude and thanks to everybody who have been a source of inspiration

during the training preparation.

I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Prof. ________, HOD-Dept.

of Computer Science Engineering, Govt. Engineering College Bikaner, India for his

generous guidance, help and useful suggestions.

I am extremely thankful to ________, Principal, Govt. Engineering College Bikaner, for

providing me infrastructural facilities to work in, without which this work would not have

been possible.

Signature of Student

Tushar Choudhary (13EEBCS083)

ABSTRACT

Computers have become an indispensable part of life. We need computers

everywhere, be it for work, research or in any such field. As the use of computers in our

day-to-day life increases, the computing resources that we need also go up. For companies

like Google and Microsoft, harnessing the resources as and when they need it is not a

problem. But when it comes to smaller enterprises, affordability becomes a huge factor.

With the huge infrastructure come problems like machines failure, hard drive crashes,

software bugs, etc. This might be a big headache for such a community. Cloud

Computing offers a solution to this situation.

Cloud computing is a paradigm shift in which computing is moved away from

personal computers and even the individual enterprise application server to a ‘cloud’ of

computers. A cloud is a virtualized server pool which can provide the different computing

resources of their clients. Users of this system need only be concerned with the computing

service being asked for. The underlying details of how it is achieved are hidden from the

user. The data and the services provided reside in massively scalable data centers and can

be ubiquitously accessed from any connected device all over the world.

Cloud computing is the style of computing where massively scaled IT related

capabilities are provided as a service across the internet to multiple external customers and

are billed by consumption. Many cloud computing providers have popped up and there is

a considerable growth in the usage of this service. Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, IBM and

Amazon have started providing cloud computing services. Amazon is the pioneer in this

field. Smaller companies like SmugMug, which is an online photo hosting site, has used

cloud services for the storing all the data and doing some of its services.

Cloud Computing is finding use in various areas like web hosting, parallel batch

processing, graphics rendering, financial modeling, web crawling, genomics analysis, etc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

Acknowledgement........................................................................................i

Abstract.......................................................................................................ii

List of Figures............................................................................................iii

Chapter-1: Introduction………………………………………………..1

Chapter-2: Cloud Computing- The Concept………………………….2

2.1 Comparison ……………………………………..…..3

2.2 Implementation ………………………..……………3

2.3 Characteristics …………………………...………….3

2.4 Economics ……………………………………...…...3

2.5 Companies …………………………………….....….4

Chapter-3: History ..……………………………………………………5

Chapter-4: Need for Cloud Computing ………………………………6

Chapter-5: Key Characteristics ……………………………………….8

Chapter-6: Components ……………………………………………….9

6.1 Application .………………………………………..10

6.2 Client ……………………………………………....10

6.3 Infrastructure ……………………………………....10

6.4 Platform ……………………………………………10

6.5 Services …………………………………………....11

6.6 Storage ……………………………………………..11

Chapter-7: Architecture ………………………………………………12

Chapter-8: Cloud Implementation types …………………………….13

8.1 Public Cloud ……………………………………….13

8.2 Private Cloud ……………………………………....13

8.3 Hybrid Cloud ……………………………………....13

Chapter-9: Roles ………………………………………………………14

9.1 Provider …………………………………………..14

9.2 User ………………………………………………14

9.3 Vendor ……………………………………………14

Chapter-10: Standards ………………………………………………..15

Chapter-11: Advantages ………………………………………………16

Chapter-12; Disadvantages …………………………………………...18

Conclusion ..……………………………………………………………19

References ……………………………………………………………...20

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Name of Figure Page

Figure 1 Cloud Computing Overview …………………………………. 2

Figure 2 Cloud Computing Economics ……………………………….. 4

Figure 3 Cloud Components ………………………………………………. 9

Figure 4 Cloud Computing Architecture ……………………………. 12

Figure 5 Cloud Computing types ………………………………………. 13

1

Chapter-1

INTRODUCTION Imagine yourself in the world where the users of the computer of today’s internet world

don’t have to run, install or store their application or data on their own computers, imagine

the world where every piece of your information or data would reside on the Cloud

(Internet).

As a metaphor for the Internet, "the cloud" is a familiar cliché, but when combined

with "computing", the meaning gets bigger and fuzzier. Some analysts and vendors define

cloud computing narrowly as an updated version of utility computing: basically virtual

servers available over the Internet. Others go very broad, arguing anything you consume

outside the firewall is "in the cloud", including conventional outsourcing.

Cloud computing comes into focus only when you think about what we always need:

a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new

infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing

encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the

Internet, extends ICT's existing capabilities.

Cloud computing is at an early stage, with a motley crew of providers large and small

delivering a slew of cloud-based services, from full-blown applications to storage services

to spam filtering. Yes, utility-style infrastructure providers are part of the mix, but so are

SaaS (software as a service) providers such as Salesforce.com. Today, for the most part, IT

must plug into cloud-based services individually, but cloud computing aggregators and

integrators are already emerging.

What is cloud computing exactly? As a beginning here is a definition

“An emerging computer paradigm where data and services

reside in massively scalable data centers in the cloud and

can be accessed from any connected devices over the

internet”

Like other definitions of topics like these, an understanding of the term cloud

computing requires an understanding of various other terms which are closely related to

this. While there is a lack of precise scientific definitions for many of these terms, general

definitions can be given.

Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm in the computer industry where the

computing is moved to a cloud of computers. It has become one of the buzz words of the

industry. The core concept of cloud computing is, quite simply, that the vast computing

resources that we need will reside somewhere out there in the cloud of computers and we’ll

connect to them and use them as and when needed.

2

Chapter-2

CLOUD COMPUTING – THE CONCEPT

Cloud computing is Internet ("cloud") based development and use of computer

technology ("computing"). It is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and

often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Users need not

have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure "in the

cloud" that supports them.

The concept incorporates infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS)

and software as a service (SaaS) as well as Web 2.0 and other recent technology trends

which have the common theme of reliance on the Internet for satisfying the computing

needs of the users. Examples of SaaS vendors include Salesforce.com and Google Apps

which provide common business applications online that are accessed from a web

browser, while the software and data are stored on the servers.

The term cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on how the Internet is

depicted in computer network diagrams, and is an abstraction for the complex

infrastructure it conceals.

Figure 1 (Cloud Computing Overview)

3

2.1 Comparison:

Cloud computing is often confused with grid computing ("a form of distributed

computing whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a cluster of networked,

loosely-coupled computers, acting in concert to perform very large tasks"), utility

computing (the "packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a

metered service similar to a traditional public utility such as electricity") and autonomic

computing ("computer systems capable of self-management").

Indeed many cloud computing deployments as of 2009 depend on grids, have autonomic

characteristics and bill like utilities — but cloud computing can be seen as a natural next

step from the grid-utility model. Some successful cloud architectures have little or no

centralized infrastructure or billing systems whatsoever, including peer-to-peer networks

like Bit Torrent and Skype and volunteer computing like

2.2 Implementation:

The majority of cloud computing infrastructure as of 2009 consists of reliable services

delivered through data centers and built on servers with different levels of virtualization

technologies. The services are accessible anywhere that has access to networking

infrastructure. The Cloud appears as a single point of access for all the computing needs

of consumers. Commercial offerings need to meet the quality of service requirements of

customers and typically offer service level agreements. Open standards are critical to the

growth of cloud computing and open source software has provided the foundation for

many cloud computing implementations.

2.3 Characteristics:

As customers generally do not own the infrastructure, they merely access or rent, they can

avoid capital expenditure and consume resources as a service, paying instead for what

they use. Many cloud-computing offerings have adopted the utility computing model,

which is analogous to how traditional utilities like electricity are consumed, while others

are billed on a subscription basis. Sharing "perishable and intangible" computing power

among multiple tenants can improve utilization rates, as servers are not left idle, which

can reduce costs significantly while increasing the speed of application development. A

side effect of this approach is that "computer capacity rises dramatically" as customers do

not have to engineer for peak loads. Adoption has been enabled by "increased high-speed

bandwidth" which makes it possible to receive the same response times from centralized

infrastructure at other sites.

2.4 Economics:

Cloud computing users can avoid capital expenditure (CapEx) on hardware, software and

services, rather paying a provider only for what they use. Consumption is billed on a

utility (e.g. resources consumed, like electricity) or subscription (e.g. time based, like a

4

newspaper) basis with little or no upfront cost. Other benefits of this time sharing style

approach are low barriers to entry, shared infrastructure and costs, low management

overhead and immediate access to a broad range of applications. Users can generally

terminate the contract at any time (thereby avoiding return on investment risk and

uncertainty) and the services are often covered by service level agreements with financial

penalties.

According to Nicholas Carr the strategic importance of information technology is

diminishing as it becomes standardized and cheaper. He argues that the cloud computing

paradigm shift is similar to the displacement of electricity generators by electricity grids

early in the 20th century.

Figure 2 (Cloud Computing Economics)

2.5 Companies:

Providers including Amazon, Microsoft, Google, Sun and Yahoo exemplify the use of

cloud computing. It is being adopted by individual users through large enterprises

including General Electric, L'Oréal, and Procter & Gamble.

5

Chapter-3

HISTORY

The Cloud is a term with a long history in telephony, which has in the past decade, been

adopted as a metaphor for internet based services, with a common depiction in network

diagrams as a cloud outline.

The underlying concept dates back to 1960 when John McCarthy opined that

"computation may someday be organized as a public utility"; indeed it shares

characteristics with service bureaus which date back to the 1960s. The term cloud had

already come into commercial use in the early 1990s to refer to large ATM networks. By

the turn of the 21st century, the term "cloud computing" had started to appear, although

most of the focus at this time was on Software as a service (SaaS).

In 1999, Salesforce.com was established by Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, and his fellows.

They applied many technologies of consumer web sites like Google and Yahoo! to

business applications. They also provided the concept of "On demand" and "SaaS" with

their real business and successful customers. The key for SaaS is being customizable by

customer alone or with a small amount of help. Flexibility and speed for application

development have been drastically welcomed and accepted by business users.

IBM extended these concepts in 2001, as detailed in the Autonomic Computing

Manifesto -- which described advanced automation techniques such as self-monitoring,

self-healing, self-configuring, and self-optimizing in the management of complex IT

systems with heterogeneous storage, servers, applications, networks, security

mechanisms, and other system elements that can be virtualized across an enterprise.

Amazon.com played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing

their data centers after the dot-com bubble and, having found that the new cloud

architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements, providing access to

their systems by way of Amazon Web Services in 2005 on a utility computing basis.

2007 saw increased activity, with Google, IBM, and a number of universities embarking

on a large scale cloud computing research project, around the time the term started

gaining popularity in the mainstream press. It was a hot topic by mid-2008 and numerous

cloud computing events had been scheduled.

In August 2008, Gartner Research observed that "organizations are switching from

company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" and that

the "projected shift to cloud computing will result in dramatic growth in IT products in

some areas and in significant reductions in other areas."

6

Chapter-4

NEED FOR CLOUD COMPUTING

What could we do with 1000 times more data and CPU power? One simple

question. That’s all it took the interviewers to bewilder the confident job applicants at

Google. This is a question of relevance because the amount of data that an application

handles is increasing day by day and so is the CPU power that one can harness.

There are many answers to this question. With this much CPU power, we

could scale our businesses to 1000 times more users. Right now we are gathering statistics

about every user using an application. With such CPU power at hand, we could monitor

every single user click and every user interaction such that we can gather all the statistics

about the user. We could improve the recommendation systems of users. We could model

better price plan choices. With this CPU power we could simulate the case where we have

say 1,00,000 users in the system without any glitches.

There are lots of other things we could do with so much CPU power and data

capabilities. But what is keeping us back. One of the reasons is the large scale

architecture which comes with these are difficult to manage. There may be many different

problems with the architecture we have to support. The machines may start failing, the hard

drives may crash, the network may go down and many other such hardware problems. The

hardware has to be designed such that the architecture is reliable and scalable. This large

scale architecture has a very expensive upfront and has high maintenance costs. It requires

different resources like machines, power, cooling, etc. The system also cannot scale as and

when needed and so is not easily reconfigurable.

The resources are also constrained by the resources. As the applications

become large, they become I/O bound. The hard drive access speed becomes a

limiting factor. Though the raw CPU power available may not be a factor, the amount of

RAM available clearly becomes a factor. This is also limited in this context. If at all the

hardware problems are managed very well, there arises the software problems. There may

be bugs in the software using this much of data. The workload also demands two important

tasks for two completely different people. The software has to be such that it is bug free

and has good data processing algorithms to manage all the data.

The cloud computing works on the cloud - so there are large groups of often

low-cost servers with specialized connections to spread the data-processing chores among

them. Since there are a lot of low-cost servers connected together, there are large pools of

resources available. So these offer almost unlimited computing resources. This makes the

availability of resources a lesser issue.

7

The data of the application can also be stored in the cloud. Storage of data in

the cloud has many distinct advantages over other storages. One thing is that data is spread

evenly through the cloud in such a way that there are multiple copies of the data and there

are ways by which failure can be detected and the data can be rebalanced on the fly. The

I/O operations become simpler in the cloud such that browsing and searching for something

in 25GB or more of data becomes simpler in the cloud, which is nearly impossible to do on

a desktop.

The cloud computing applications also provide automatic reconfiguration of

the resources based on the service level agreements. When we are using applications out of

the cloud, to scale the application with respect to the load is a mundane task because the

resources have to be gathered and then provided to the users. If the load on the application

is such that it is present only for a small amount of time as compared to the time its working

out of the load, but occurs frequently, then scaling of the resources becomes tedious. But

when the application is in the cloud, the load can be managed by spreading it to other

available nodes by making a copy of the application on to them. This can be reverted once

the load goes down. It can be done as and when needed. All these are done automatically

such that the resources maintain and manage themselves.

8

Chapter-5

KEY CHARACTERISTICS

Cost is greatly reduced and capital expenditure is converted to operational

expenditure. This lowers barriers to entry, as infrastructure is typically provided by

a third-party and does not need to be purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive

computing tasks. Pricing on a utility computing basis is fine-grained with usage-

based options and minimal or no IT skills are required for implementation.

Device and location independence enable users to access systems using a web

browser regardless of their location or what device they are using, e.g., PC, mobile.

As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via

the Internet the users can connect from anywhere.

Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs among a large pool of users,

allowing for:

o Centralization of infrastructure in areas with lower costs (such as real

estate, electricity, etc.)

o Peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest possible

load-levels)

o Utilization and efficiency improvements for systems that are often only 10-

20% utilized.

Reliability improves through the use of multiple redundant sites, which makes it

suitable for business continuity and disaster recovery. Nonetheless, most major

cloud computing services have suffered outages and IT and business managers are

able to do little when they are affected.

Scalability via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on a fine-grained,

self-service basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for peak loads.

Performance is monitored and consistent and loosely-coupled architectures are

constructed using web services as the system interface.

Security typically improves due to centralization of data, increased security-focused

resources, etc., but raises concerns about loss of control over certain sensitive data.

Security is often as good as or better than traditional systems, in part because

providers are able to devote resources to solving security issues that many

customers cannot afford. Providers typically log accesses, but accessing the audit

logs themselves can be difficult or impossible.

9

Chapter-6

COMPONENTS

Cloud computing Components

Applications Facebook · Google Apps · SalesForce · Microsoft Online

Client Browser(Chrome) · Firefox · Cloud · Mobile (Android · iPhone) · Netbook

(EeePC · MSI Wind) · Nettop (CherryPal · Zonbu)

Infrastructure BitTorrent · EC2 · GoGrid · Sun Grid · 3tera

Platforms App Engine · Azure · Mosso · SalesForce

Services Alexa · FPS · MTurk · SQS

Storage S3 · SimpleDB · SQL Services

Standards Ajax · Atom · HTML 5 · REST

Figure 3 (Cloud Components)

10

6.1 Application

A cloud application leverages the Cloud in software architecture, often eliminating the

need to install and run the application on the customer's own computer, thus

alleviating the burden of software maintenance, ongoing operation, and support. For

example:

Peer-to-peer / volunteer computing (Bittorrent, BOINC Projects, Skype)

Web application (Facebook)

Software as a service (Google Apps, SAP and Salesforce)

Software plus services (Microsoft Online Services)

6.2 Client

A cloud client consists of computer hardware and/or computer software which relies on

cloud computing for application delivery, or which is specifically designed for delivery of

cloud services and which, in either case, is essentially useless without it. For example:

Mobile (Android, iPhone, Windows Mobile)

Thin client (CherryPal, Zonbu, gOS-based systems)

Thick client / Web browser (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox)

6.3 Infrastructure

Cloud infrastructure, such as Infrastructure as a service, is the delivery of computer

infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment, as a service. For example:

Full virtualization (GoGrid, Skytap)

Management (RightScale)

Compute (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud)

Platform (Force.com)

6.4 Platform

A cloud platform, such as Platform as a service, the delivery of a computing platform,

and/or solution stack as a service, facilitates deployment of applications without the cost

and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. For

example:

Web application frameworks

o Python Django (Google App Engine)

o Ruby on Rails (Heroku)

o .NET (Azure Services Platform)

11

Web hosting (Mosso)

Proprietary (Force.com)

6.5 Service

A cloud service includes "products, services and solutions that are delivered and consumed

in real-time over the Internet". For example, Web Services ("software system[s] designed

to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network") which may be

accessed by other cloud computing components, software, e.g., Software plus service, or

end users directly. Specific examples include:

Identity (OAuth, OpenID)

Integration (Amazon Simple Queue Service)

Payments (Amazon Flexible Payments Service, Google Checkout, PayPal)

Mapping (Google Maps, Yahoo! Maps)

Search (Alexa, Google Custom Search, Yahoo! BOSS)

Others (Amazon Mechanical Turk)

6.6 Storage

Cloud storage involves the delivery of data storage as a service, including database-like

services, often billed on a utility computing basis, e.g., per gigabyte per month. For

example:

Database (Amazon SimpleDB, Google App Engine's BigTable datastore)

Network attached storage (MobileMe iDisk, Nirvanix CloudNAS)

Synchronization (Live Mesh Live Desktop component, MobileMe push functions)

Web service (Amazon Simple Storage Service, Nirvanix SDN)

12

Chapter-7

ARCHITECTURE

Cloud architecture, the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the

delivery of cloud computing, comprises hardware and software designed by a cloud

architect who typically works for a cloud integrator. It typically involves multiple cloud

components communicating with each other over application programming interfaces,

usually web services.

This closely resembles the UNIX philosophy of having multiple programs doing one thing

well and working together over universal interfaces. Complexity is controlled and the

resulting systems are more manageable than their monolithic counterparts.

Cloud architecture extends to the client, where web browsers and/or software applications

access cloud applications.

Cloud storage architecture is loosely coupled, where metadata operations are centralized

enabling the data nodes to scale into the hundreds, each independently delivering data to

applications or user.

FIGURE – 4 (Cloud Computing Architecture)

13

Chapter-8

CLOUD IMPLEMENTATION TYPES

8.1 Public cloud

Public cloud or external cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream

sense, whereby resources are dynamically provisioned on a fine-grained, self-service basis

over the Internet, via web applications/web services, from an off-site third-party provider

who shares resources and bills on a fine-grained utility computing basis.

8.2 Private cloud

Private cloud and internal cloud are neologisms that some vendors have recently used to

describe offerings that emulate cloud computing on private networks. These products claim

to "deliver some benefits of cloud computing without the pitfalls", capitalizing on data

security, corporate governance, and reliability concerns.

While an analyst predicted in 2008 that private cloud networks would be the future of

corporate IT, there is some uncertainty whether they are a reality even within the same firm.

Analysts also claim that within five years a "huge percentage" of small and medium

enterprises will get most of their computing resources from external cloud computing

providers as they "will not have economies of scale to make it worth staying in the IT

business" or be able to afford private clouds.

8.3 Hybrid cloud

A hybrid cloud environment consisting of multiple internal and/or external providers "will

be typical for most enterprises".

Figure - 5 (Cloud Computing type)

14

Chapter-9

ROLES

9.1 Provider

A cloud computing provider or cloud computing service provider owns and operates live

cloud computing systems to deliver service to third parties. The barrier to entry is also

significantly higher with capital expenditure required and billing and management creates

some overhead. Nonetheless, significant operational efficiency and agility advantages can

be realized, even by small organizations, and server consolidation and virtualization

rollouts are already well underway. Amazon.com was the first such provider, modernizing

its data centers which, like most computer networks, were using as little as 10% of its

capacity at any one time just to leave room for occasional spikes. This allowed small, fast-

moving groups to add new features faster and easier, and they went on to open it up to

outsiders as Amazon Web Services in 2002 on a utility computing basis.

9.2 User

A user is a consumer of cloud computing. The privacy of users in cloud computing has

become of increasing concern. The rights of users are also an issue, which is being

addressed via a community effort to create a bill of rights.

9.3 Vendor

A vendor sells products and services that facilitate the delivery, adoption and use of cloud

computing. For example:

Computer hardware (Dell, HP, IBM, Sun Microsystems)

o Storage (Sun Microsystems, EMC, IBM)

o Infrastructure (Cisco Systems)

Computer software (3tera, Hadoop, IBM, RightScale)

o Operating systems (Solaris, AIX, Linux including Red Hat)

o Platform virtualization (Citrix, Microsoft, VMware, Sun xVM, IBM)

15

Chapter-10

STANDARDS

Cloud standards, a number of existing, typically lightweight, open standards, have

facilitated the growth of cloud computing, including:

Application o Communications (HTTP, XMPP)

o Security (OAuth, OpenID, SSL/TLS)

o Syndication (Atom)

Client o Browsers (AJAX)

o Offline (HTML 5)

Implementations o Virtualization (OVF)

Platform o Solution stacks (LAMP)

Service o Data (XML, JSON)

o Web Services (REST)

Storage o Database(Amazon Simple DB, Google App Engine BigTable Datastore)

o Network attached storage (MobileMe iDisk, Nirvanix CloudNAS)

o Synchronization (Live Mesh Live Desktop component, MobileMe push

functions)

o Web service (Amazon Simple Storage Service, Nirvanix SDN)

16

Chapter-11

ADVANTAGES

• Lower computer costs:

– You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer to run cloud

computing's web-based applications.

– Since applications run in the cloud, not on the desktop PC, your desktop PC

does not need the processing power or hard disk space demanded by

traditional desktop software.

– When you are using web-based applications, your PC can be less expensive,

with a smaller hard disk, less memory, more efficient processor...

– In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even need a CD or DVD drive, as

no software programs have to be loaded and no document files need to be

saved.

• Improved performance:

– With few large programs hogging your computer's memory, you will see

better performance from your PC.

– Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run faster because they

have fewer programs and processes loaded into memory.

• Reduced software costs:

– Instead of purchasing expensive software applications, you can get most of

what you need for free-ish!

• most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs

suite.

– better than paying for similar commercial software

• which alone may be justification for switching to cloud applications.

• Instant software updates:

– Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer faced with

choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade costs.

– When the application is web-based, updates happen automatically

• available the next time you log into the cloud.

– When you access a web-based application, you get the latest

version

• without needing to pay for or download an upgrade.

• Improved document format compatibility:

17

– You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your machine

being compatible with other users' applications or OSes

– There are potentially no format incompatibilities when everyone is sharing

documents and applications in the cloud.

• Unlimited storage capacity:

– Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.

– Your computer's current 1 Tbyte hard drive is small compared to the

hundreds of Pbytes available in the cloud.

• Increased data reliability:

– Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes and destroy all

your valuable data, a computer crashing in the cloud should not affect the

storage of your data.

• if your personal computer crashes, all your data is still out there in

the cloud, still accessible

– In a world where few individual desktop PC users back up their data on a

regular basis, cloud computing is a data-safe computing platform!

• Universal document access:

– That is not a problem with cloud computing, because you do not take your

documents with you.

– Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access them whenever you have

a computer and an Internet connection

– Documents are instantly available from wherever you are

• Latest version availability:

– When you edit a document at home, that edited version is what you see when

you access the document at work.

– The cloud always hosts the latest version of your documents

• Easier group collaboration:

– Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.

– Many users do this as it is an important advantages of cloud computing

• multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and projects

• Device independence:

– You are no longer tethered to a single computer or network.

– Changes to computers, applications and documents follow you through the

cloud.

18

Chapter-12

DISADVANTAGES

• Requires a constant Internet connection:

– Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect to the Internet.

– Since you use the Internet to connect to both your applications and

documents, if you do not have an Internet connection you cannot access

anything, even your own documents.

– A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas where Internet

connections are few or inherently unreliable, this could be a deal-breaker.

• Does not work well with low-speed connections:

– Similarly, a low-speed Internet connection, such as that found with dial-up

services, makes cloud computing painful at best and often impossible.

– Web-based applications require a lot of bandwidth to download, as do large

documents.

• Features might be limited:

– This situation is bound to change, but today many web-based applications

simply are not as full-featured as their desktop-based applications.

• Can be slow:

– Even with a fast connection, web-based applications can sometimes be

slower than accessing a similar software program on your desktop PC.

– Everything about the program, from the interface to the current document,

has to be sent back and forth from your computer to the computers in the

cloud.

– If the cloud servers happen to be backed up at that moment, or if the Internet

is having a slow day, you would not get the instantaneous access you might

expect from desktop applications.

• Stored data might not be secure:

– With cloud computing, all your data is stored on the cloud.

• The questions is How secure is the cloud?

– Can unauthorised users gain access to your confidential data?

• Stored data can be lost:

– Theoretically, data stored in the cloud is safe, replicated across multiple

machines.

– But on the off chance that your data goes missing, you have no physical or

local backup.

19

CONCLUSION

Cloud Computing is a vast topic and the above report does not give a high level introduction

to it. It is certainly not possible in the limited space of a report to do justice to these

technologies. What is in store for this technology in the near future? Well, Cloud

Computing is leading the industry’s endeavor to bank on this revolutionary technology.

Cloud Computing Brings Possibilities……..

Increases business responsiveness

Accelerates creation of new services via rapid prototyping capabilities

Reduces acquisition complexity via service oriented approach

Uses IT resources efficiently via sharing and higher system utilization

Reduces energy consumption

Handles new and emerging workloads

Scales to extreme workloads quickly and easily

Simplifies IT management

Platform for collaboration and innovation

Cultivates skills for next generation workforce

Today, with such cloud-based interconnection seldom in evidence, cloud computing might

be more accurately described as "sky computing," with many isolated clouds of services

which IT customers must plug into individually. On the other hand, as virtualization and

SOA permeate the enterprise, the idea of loosely coupled services running on an agile,

scalable infrastructure should eventually make every enterprise a node in the cloud. It's a

long-running trend with a far-out horizon. But among big metatrends, cloud computing is

the hardest one to argue with in the long term.

Cloud Computing is a technology which took the software and business world by storm.

The much deserved hype over it will continue for years to come.

20

REFERENCES

[1]. www.wikipedia.com

[2]. www.infoworld.com/article/08/04/07/15FE-cloud-computing-reality_1.html

[3]. www.wiki.cloudcommunity.org/wiki/CloudComputing:Bill_of_Rights

[4]. www.davidchappell.com/CloudPlatforms--Chappell. PDF

[5]. www.amazon.com

[6]. www.thinkgos.com/cloud/index.html

[7]. www.openstack.com

[8]. www.google.com

[9]. Chip Computer Magazine, December 2008 - Feb 2009 Edition

[10]. www.lwindia.com