cloud foundry the open paas - opentour austin keynote

Cloud FoundryThe Open Platform as a Service

Patrick ChanezonSenior DirectorDeveloper [email protected]://twitter.com/chanezon Cloud Foundry OpenTour, Austin, April 2012Thursday, April 5, 12

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://twitter.com/chanezon

http://twitter.com/chanezon

P@ in a nutshell

• French, based in San Francisco

• Senior Director, Developer Relations, VMware

• Software Plumber, API guy, mix of Enterprise and Consumer

• 18 years writing software, backend guy with a taste for javascript

• 2 y Accenture (Notes guru), 3 y Netscape/AOL (Servers, Portals), 5 y Sun (ecommerce, blogs, Portals, feeds, open source)

• 6 years at Google, API guy (first hired, helped start the team)

• Adwords, Checkout, Social, HTML5, Cloud

Thursday, April 5, 12

Dreams Of my childhood

3


Accelerando / Singularity, in a Galaxy far far away

§ Even if we automate ourselves out of a job every 10 years

§ ...I don’t think the singularity is near!

4


Moore's Law is for Hardware Only

§ Does not apply to software

§ Productivity gains not keeping up with hardware and bandwidth

§ Writing software is hard, painful, and still very much a craft

5


Moore's Law’s free lunch is over

§ Herb Sutter, Welcome to the Junglehttp://herbsutter.com/welcome-to-the-jungle/

6


http://herbsutter.com/welcome-to-the-jungle/

http://herbsutter.com/welcome-to-the-jungle/

Future

“The future is already here — it's just not very evenly distributed” William Gibson

7


Haiku - Skylark

“Trampling on clouds,inhaling the mist,the skylark soars” —SHIKI

8


Haiku - Frog

“Crouching,studying the clouds—a frog”CHIYO-JO

9


Architecture Changes: 60’s Mainframe


Architecture Changes: 80’s Client-Server


Architecture Changes: 90’s Web


Architecture Changes: 2010’s Cloud, HTML5, Mobile


Back to Client Server: Groovy Baby!

14


What is Cloud Computing?

15

Cloud According to my daughter Eliette


Cloud Stack - Classic Pyramid

16

Platform As A Service

Infrastructure As A Service

SoftwareAs A Service


Cloud Stack - By Number

17


InfrastructureAs A Service



Cloud Stack - By Value

18

InfrastructureAs A Service




Cloud Stack - Neutral

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Infrastructure As A Service



Cloud Stack - History

§ What does cloud mean, 4 main angles• Software 1994 Netscape

• Infrastructure 2002 Amazon AWS

• Platform 2008 Google

• Development now!

20

§ Industrialization of hardware and software infrastructurelike electricity beginning of 20th century

§ But software development itself is moving towards craftmanship


Cloud started at Consumer websites solving their needs

• Google, Amazon, Yahoo, Facebook, Twitter

• Large Data Sets

• Storage Capacity growing faster than Moore’s Law

• Fast Networks

• Horizontal -> Vertical scalability

• Open Source Software

• Virtualization

• Cloud is a productization of these infrastructures

• Public Clouds Services: Google, Amazon

• Open Source Software: Hadoop, Eucalyptus, Ubuntu, Cloud Foundry


22

Infrastructure


IaaS/Virtualization getting mainstream

§ AWS, Joyent, Rackspace,...

§ Open Source projects: OpenStack, DeltaCloud, Eucalyptus

§ Automation: Chef, Juju

§ Standardization? DMTF

§ Inside the Firewall, Virtualization: VMware, Microsoft, Xen, KVM

§ 50% of workloads are virtualized

§ Easy to provision, manage instance...BUT

§ Still need to manage backups, software stacks, monitor, upgrades

23


With Infrastructure, you still need to build your own platform

§ Need to build a distributed platform on top of you infrastructure

§ Story of the AWS meltdown from last summer• http://blog.reddit.com/2011/03/why-reddit-was-down-for-6-of-last-24.html

• http://www.readwriteweb.com/cloud/2010/12/chaos-monkey-how-netflix-uses.php

• http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2477296

• http://stu.mp/2011/04/the-cloud-is-not-a-silver-bullet.html

§ Twilio, Smugmug, SimpleGeo survived it because they built their own distributed platform on top of IaaS

§ Enterprise customers want to consider Infrastructure like CDNs• Multi Cloud usage

• Based on Open Source de facto standards, or full standards whenever that happens

24


http://blog.reddit.com/2011/03/why-reddit-was-down-for-6-of-last-24.html

http://blog.reddit.com/2011/03/why-reddit-was-down-for-6-of-last-24.html

http://www.readwriteweb.com/cloud/2010/12/chaos-monkey-how-netflix-uses.php




http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2477296

http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2477296

http://stu.mp/2011/04/the-cloud-is-not-a-silver-bullet.html

http://stu.mp/2011/04/the-cloud-is-not-a-silver-bullet.html

25

Platforms


Platforms

§ Raise the Unit of currency to be application & services instead of infrastructure

§ Google App Engine, Cloud Foundry, Joyent, Heroku, Stax (Cloudbees), Amazon elastic beanstalk, Microsoft Azure, AppFog

§ Single or a few languages, services

§ Start of Multi language Polyglot platforms

§ Enabler for Agile Developers -> Create Business value faster

§ Lack of standards: risk, vendor lock-in

§ Enterprise needs:•Control, customizability

•Private/Hybrid Cloud

•Avoid lock-in

26


Agile Development Processes


Agility as a survival skill

§ Consumer software is becoming like fashion•Phone apps, social apps, short lifetime, fast lifecycles

•Ab testing

§ Clay shirky situational apps

§ Kent Beck, Usenix 2011 Talk, “Software G-Forces”change in software process when frequency grows

§ Cloud Platforms enables an Agile culture, driver for innovation•Scalability is built in the platforms

•Can iterate faster

•Focus on design

§ Cloud Platforms lets developers focus on driving business value

28


Main Risk: Lock-In

29

Welcome to the hotel californiaSuch a lovely placeSuch a lovely facePlenty of room at the hotel californiaAny time of year, you can find it here

Last thing I remember, I wasRunning for the doorI had to find the passage backTo the place I was before’relax,’ said the night man,We are programmed to receive.You can checkout any time you like,But you can never leave!


Cloud Foundry: The Open PaaS

30

Clou

d Pr

ovide

r Int

erfa

ce

Application Service Private Clouds

PublicCloud

MicroCloud

Data Services

Other Services

Msg Services

vFabric Postgres

vFabric RabbitMQTM

• Open Source: Apache 2 Licensed

• multi language/frameworks

• multi services

• multi cloud


31

Open Source


Open Source Advantage

§ http://code.google.com/p/googleappengine/issues/detail?id=13

32

• https://github.com/cloudfoundry/vcap/pull/25


http://code.google.com/p/googleappengine/issues/detail?id=13

http://code.google.com/p/googleappengine/issues/detail?id=13

https://github.com/cloudfoundry/vcap/pull/25

https://github.com/cloudfoundry/vcap/pull/25

33

Multi Cloud


34

CloudFoundry.COM

Runtimes & Frameworks

Services

vCenter / vSphere

Cloud Foundry

Infrastructure


35

Cloud Foundry.ORG

The Source Code to Compile & Build Cloud Foundry

vCenter / vSphere

Cloud Foundry

DownloadCode

Setup Environment

Deploy Behind Firewall

Setup Scripts


Micro Cloud Foundry

36

Micro


What is a Micro Cloud?

37

Entire Cloud Running inside of a single VM

Or


Micro Cloud Foundry… (BETA)

38

A pre-built Micro (Single VM) version of Cloud Foundry…

Signup @ http://cloudfoundry.com/micro

You need a Cloud Foundry.com Account to use Micro Cloud Foundry


http://cloudfoundry.com/micro


Micro Cloud Foundry… (BETA)

38

A pre-built Micro (Single VM) version of Cloud Foundry…

Signup @ http://cloudfoundry.com/micro

You need a Cloud Foundry.com Account to use Micro Cloud Foundry

Micro




What is in Micro Cloud Foundry?

39

Open source Platform as a Service project

App Instances Services

10.04

Dynamic Updating DNS

.COM


Other Cloud Foundry powered PaaS

40

Private PaaS

Added Python and Perl

Public PaaS

Added PHP

Tier3 and Uhuru recently added .NET support


41

Development LifeCycle


Traditional App Deploy and Request/Response

Web

App

DB

Web

App

DB

Request/AllocateBuild/SetupInstall/ConfigureDeploy/Test

Scale?Upgrade?Update?


Web

How Apps are Deployed on Cloud Foundry

Web

App

DB

“vmc push MyApp”

WebApp

DB

“vmc instances MyApp 5”“vmc map MyApp MyApp2”“vmc update MyApp”

Scale?Upgrade?Update?


How Apps are Accessed on Cloud Foundry

Web

App

DB

App Instance

Service

Request Web InterfaceLoad

Balancingand

Routing

Response

“vmc push MyApp”


How Apps are Scaled on Cloud Foundry

Web

App

DB

App Instances

Service

Request

Response

Load

Balancer(s)Load

Balancer(s)

Load Balancing

and Routing

Web

App

Web

App

“vmc instances MyApp 3”


How Apps are Updated on Cloud Foundry

Web

App

DB

Service

Web

App

DB

Service

Web

App

Web

App

PreviousVersion

InstanceStopped

UpdatedCode

NewVersion

“vmc update MyApp”


47

Services


Current Services Available on Cloud Foundry

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Service Creation and Binding

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VCAP_SERVICES:

{"redis-2.2":[{"name":"redis_sample","label":"redis-2.2","plan":"free",

"tags":["redis","redis-2.2","key-value","nosql"],

"credentials":

{"hostname":"172.30.48.40",

"host":"172.30.48.40",

"port":5023,

"password":"8e9a901f-987d-4544-9a9e-ab0c143b5142",

"name":"de82c4bb-bd08-46c0-a850-af6534f71ca3"}

}],

"mongodb-1.8":[{"name":"mongodb-e7d29","label":"mongodb-1.8","plan":"free","tags”:………………….



50

App Instance



50

App Instance Redis Service



50

App Instance Redis Service

MongoDB

Service


51

How it works


Logical View

52

VMC client STS plugin Browser(user app access)

Routers

CloudControllers App

Services

App

HealthManager

DEA Pool

Messaging


53

Architecture


Register today

54

http://cloudfoundry.com/signup

CFOpenTour2012Use Promo Code

To avoid approval queue waiting time




Cloud for Developers: the true path is PaaS!

55


developer perspective v2.0

sample app

polyglot in actionby Mark Lucovsky

56



stac2: load generation system

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redis

stac2frontend

api server

vmc worker http worker

http json

redis apirpush

blpop blpopredis api

- 2 x 128mb- ruby 1.8.7, sinatra

- 16 x 128mb*- node.JS, 0.6.8

- 16 x 128mb*- node.JS, 0.6.8

- 96 x 128mb- ruby 1.8.7, sinatra

json-p- jQuery, jQuery UI- haml templates- 100% JS based UI

* - api server and http worker share the same node.JS process/instance

emailreports

smtp



deployment instructions

59

$ cd ~/stac2$ vmc push



how is this possible?$ cd ~/stac2; cat manifest.ymlapplications: ./nabh: instances: 16 mem: 128M runtime: node06 url: ${name}.${target-‐base} services: nab-‐redis: type: :redis./nabv: instances: 96 mem: 128M runtime: ruby18 url: ${name}.${target-‐base} services: nab-‐redis: type: :redis./stac2: instances: 2 mem: 128M runtime: ruby18 url: ${name}.${target-‐base}

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design tidbits

61

• producer/consumer pattern using rpush/blpop

• node.JS: multi-server and high performance async i/o

• caldecott – aka vmc tunnel for debugging

• redis sorted sets for stats collection

• redis expiring keys for rate calculation



producer/consumer

• core design pattern

• found at the heart of many complex apps

62

classic mode:- thread pools- semaphore/mutex, completion ports, etc.- scalability limited to visibility of the work queue

consumerwork queueproducer work work

cloud foundry mode:- instance pools- redis rpush/blpop, rabbit queues, etc.- full horizontal scalability, cloud scale



producer/consumer: code

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// producerfunction commit_item(queue, item) { // push the work item onto the proper queue redis.rpush(queue, item, function(err, data) {

// optionally trim the queue, throwing away // data as needed to ensure the queue does // not grow unbounded if (!err && data > queueTrim) { redis.ltrim(queue, 0, queueTrim-‐1); } });}

// consumerfunction worker() { // blocking wait for workitems blpop_redis.blpop(queue, 0, function(err, data) { // data[0] == queue, data[1] == item if (!err) { doWork(data[1]); } process.nextTick(worker); });



node.JS multi-server: http API server

64

// the api server handles two key load generation apis// /http – for http load, /vmc for Cloud Foundry API loadvar routes = {“/http”: httpCmd, “/vmc”: vmcCmd}

// http api server booted by app.js, passing redis client// and Cloud Foundry instance function boot(redis_client, cfinstance) { var redis = redis_client; function onRequest(request, response) { var u = url.parse(request.url); var path = u.pathname; if (routes[path] && typeof routes[path] == ‘function’) { routes[path](request, response); } else { response.writeHead(404, {‘Content-‐Type’: ‘text/plain’}); response.write(‘404 Not Found’); response.end(); } } server = http.createServer(onRequest).listen(cfinstance[‘port’]);}



node.JS multi-server: blpop server

65

var blpop_redis = null;var status_redis = null;var cfinstance = null;

// blpop server handles work requests for http traffic// that are placed on the queue by the http API server// another blpop server sits in the ruby/sinatra VMC serverfunction boot(r1, r2, cfi) { // multiple redis clients due to concurrency constraints blpop_redis = r1; status_redis = r2; cfinstance = cfi; worker();}

// this is the blpop server loopfunction worker() { blpop_redis.blpop(queue, 0, function(err, data) { if (!err) { doWork(data[1]); } process.nextTick(worker); });}



caldecott: aka vmc tunnel

66

# create a caldecott tunnel to the redis server$ vmc tunnel nab-‐redis redis-‐cliBinding Service [nab-‐redis]: OK…Launching 'redis-‐cli -‐h localhost -‐p 10000 -‐a ...’

# enumerate the keys used by stac2redis> keys vmc::staging::*1) “vmc::staging::actions::time_50”2) “vmc::staging::active_workers”…

# enumerate actions that took less that 50msredis> zrange vmc::staging::actions::time_50 0 -‐1 withscores1) “delete_app”2) “1”3) “login”4) “58676”5) “info”6) “80390”

# see how many work items we dumped due to concurrency constraintredis> get vmc::staging::wastegate“7829”



redis sorted sets for stats collection

67

# log action into a sorted set, net result is set contains# actions and the number of times the action was executed# count total action count, and also per elapsed time bucketdef logAction(action, elapsedTimeBucket) # actionKey is the set for all counts # etKey is the set for a particular time bucket e.g., _1s, _50ms actionKey = “vmc::#{@cloud}::actions::action_set” etKey = “vmc::#{@cloud}::actions::times#{elapsedTimeBucket}” @redis.zincrby actionKey, 1, action @redis.zincrby etKey, 1, actionend

# enumerate actions and their associated countredis> zrange vmc::staging::actions::action_set 0 -‐1 withscores1) “login”2) “212092”3) “info”4) “212093”

# enumerate actions that took between 400ms and 1sredis> zrange vmc::staging::actions::time_400_1s 0 -‐1 withscores1) “create-‐app”2) “14”3) “bind-‐service”4) “75”



redis incrby and expire for rate calcs

68

# to calculate rates (e.g., 4,000 requests per second)# we use plain old redis.incrby. the trick is that the # key contains the current 1sec timestamp as it’s suffix value# all activity that happens within this 1s period accumulates# in that key. by setting an expire on the key, the key is # automatically deleted 10s after last writedef logActionRate(cloud) tv = Time.now.tv_sec one_s_key = "vmc::#{cloud}::rate_1s::#{tv}"

# increment the bucket and set expires, key # will eventually expires Ns after the last write @redis.incrby one_s_key, 1 @redis.expire one_s_key, 10end

# return current rate by looking at the bucket for the previous # one second period. by looking further back and averaging, we # can smooth the rate calcdef actionRate(cloud) tv = Time.now.tv_sec -‐ 1 one_s_key = "vmc::#{cloud}::rate_1s::#{tv}" @redis.get one_s_keyend



stac2 demo -or- screencast

69


70

Lessons for Developers


Predictions

§ Software is becoming like fashion, design rules

§ Welcome to Babel, use the best tool for the job, embrace multiple language & heterogeneity

§ Our jobs will change, build yourself out of your current job

§ Sysadmin jobs will morph, there will be less of them

§ Many opportunities open when you embrace change

71


Things to Forget

§ First normal form

§ Waterfall model

§ Single server deployment

§ Single language skill

§ Build everything from scratch

§ Build custom infrastructure

72


Things to Learn

• Agile, API Design

• UI Design, Javacript, HTML5, CSS3

• A/B Testing

• Open Source, Open Standards

• Architecture, Distributed Computing (CAP theorem, 8 fallacies)

• Cloud Platforms and APIs

• Multiple types of languages (imperative, object, functional, logic)

• Ability to encapsulate domain knowledge in a DSL

• Build on the shoulders of giants: reuse, rest APIs

• Pick your battles, choose what you need to build yourself to add value

• Learn to live in a box (embrace platform limitations) to think outside the box

• Use an App Store for distribution

73


Be your own bitch

“Don’t be a Google Bitch, don’t be a Facebook Bitch, and Don’t be a Twitter Bitch. Be your own Bitch.”Fred Wilson

74

http://techcrunch.com/2011/05/23/fred-wilson-be-your-own-bitch/




Such stuff as dreams are made on

§ Like a kid on a candy store: there's never been a better time to be a software developer!

§ Welcome to the Cloud: embrace change and reinvent yourselves

§ “The future is already there, not evenly distributed” Gibson

§ We Developers, invent the future today

75


Cloud Foundry Resources

76

Primary Site : cloudfoundry.com

Open Source Site : cloudfoundry.org

Twitter : @cloudfoundry , hash tag #cfoundry

Blog : blog.cloudfoundry.com

FB : facebook.com/cloudfoundry

Support : support.cloudfoundry.com• Documentation

• Knowledge Base

• Q & A / Forums

We’re hiring: www.cloudfoundry.com/jobs


http://www.cloudfoundry.com/jobs

http://www.cloudfoundry.com/jobs

Questions

77

?Thursday, April 5, 12

Thank You!@CloudFoundry

@chanezon

Website : www.cloudfoundry.comBlog : blog.cloudfoundry.comForum : support.cloudfoundry.com

t

t


Books / Articles

§ Nick Carr, The Big Switch

§ Eric Raymond, The Art of Unix Programming

§ Weinberg, Psychology of Computer Programming

§ Wes python book

§ Mark html5 book

§ Kent Beck XP

§ Hunt, Thomas, The Pragmatic Programmer

§ Ade Oshineye, Apprenticeship Patterns

§ Matt Cutt's Ignite Talk IO 2011, Trying different things

§ Josh Bloch talk about api design

§ Larry and Sergey, Anatomy of a Search Engine

§ Rob Pike, The Practice of Programming

79


http://pragprog.com/book/tpp/the-pragmatic-programmer

http://pragprog.com/book/tpp/the-pragmatic-programmer

http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596518387

http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596518387

Papers / Talks

§ Simon Wardley, Oscon 09 “Cloud - Why IT Matters”

§ Tim O’Reilly article on internet os

§ Peter Deutsch’s 8 Fallacies of Distributed Computing

§ Brewer’s CAP Theorem

§ Gregor Hohpe’s Starbucks Does Not Use Two-Phase Commit

§ Stuff I tag http://www.delicious.com/chanezon/

§ More specifically http://www.delicious.com/chanezon/cloudfoundry

§ My previous Talks http://www.slideshare.net/chanezon

§ My list of favorite books http://www.chanezon.com/pat/soft_books.html

80


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okqLxzWS5R4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okqLxzWS5R4

http://blogs.oracle.com/jag/resource/Fallacies.html

http://blogs.oracle.com/jag/resource/Fallacies.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem

http://www.eaipatterns.com/ramblings/18_starbucks.html

http://www.eaipatterns.com/ramblings/18_starbucks.html

http://www.delicious.com/chanezon/




http://www.slideshare.net/chanezon

http://www.slideshare.net/chanezon

http://www.chanezon.com/pat/soft_books.html

http://www.chanezon.com/pat/soft_books.html

Acknowledgement

§ Drawings from my daughters Eliette

§ Slides from Dave McCrory, Derek Collison, Duke Leto

§ Haiku from Addiss, Stephen; Yamamoto, Fumiko; Yamamoto, Fumiko Y.; Yamamoto, Akira Y. (2011-06-22). Haiku: An Anthology of Japanese Poems (Shambhala Library)

§ Painting Hiroshige, Sengai

81


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