SURBHI JHA(1122210100)

B.Tech 4th year(C.S.E)

Also referred to as a network cloud. In telecommunications, a cloud refers to a

public or semi-public space on transmission lines (such as T1 or T3) that

exists between the end points of a transmission. Data that is transmitted

across a WAN enters the network from one end point using a

standard protocol suite such as Frame Relay and then enters the network

cloud where it shares space with other data transmissions. The data emerges

from the cloud -- where it may be encapsulated, translated and transported in

myriad ways -- in the same format as when it entered the cloud. A network

cloud exists because when data is transmitted across a packet-

switched network in a packet, no two packets will necessarily follow the same

physical path. The unpredictable area that the data enters before it is received

is the cloud.

CLOUD

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The “no-need-to-know” in terms of the underlying details of infrastructure, applications interface with the

infrastructure via the APIs.

The “flexibility and elasticity” allows these systems to scale up and down at will

utilising the resources of all kinds

CPU, storage, server capacity, load balancing, and databases

The “pay as much as used and needed” type of utility computing and the “always on!, anywhere and any place”

type of network-based computing.

BASIC CLOUD CHARACTERISTICS

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Cloud storage means "the storage of data online in the cloud," wherein a

company's data is stored in and accessible from multiple distributed and

connected resources that comprise a cloud.

Cloud storage can provide the benefits of greater accessibility and reliability;

rapid deployment; strong protection for data backup, archieval and disaster

recovery purposes; and lower overall storage costs as a result of not having to

purchase, manage and maintain expensive hardware. However, cloud storage

does have the potential for security and compliance concerns.

CLOUD STORAGE

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Several large Web companies are now exploiting the fact that they have data storage capacity that can be hired out

to others.

allows data stored remotely to be temporarily cached on desktop computers, mobile phones or other Internet-linked devices.

Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage Solution (S3) are well known examples

Mechanical Turk

CLOUD STORAGE

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CLOUD ARCHITECTURE

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Virtual workspaces:

An abstraction of an execution environment that can be made dynamically available to authorized clients by using well-defined protocols,

Resource quota (e.g. CPU, memory share),

Software configuration (e.g. O/S, provided services).

Implement on Virtual Machines (VMs):

Abstraction of a physical host machine,

Hypervisor intercepts and emulates instructions from VMs, and allows management of VMs,

VMWare, Xen, etc.

Provide infrastructure API:

Plug-ins to hardware/support structures

VIRTUALIZATION

Hardware

OS

App App App

Hypervisor

OS OS

Virtualized Stack

VM technology allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical

machine.

VIRTUAL MACHINES

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Hardware

Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) / Hypervisor

Guest OS(Linux)

Guest OS(NetBSD)

Guest OS(Windows)

VM VM VM

AppApp AppAppApp

Xen

VMWare

UML

Denali

etc.

Performance: Para-virtualization (e.g. Xen) is very close to raw physical performance!

Cloud services means services made available to users on demand via the

Internet from a cloud computing provider's servers as opposed to being

provided from a company's own on-premises servers. Cloud services are

designed to provide easy, scalable access to applications, resources and

services, and are fully managed by a cloud services provider.

A cloud service can dynamically scale to meet the needs of its users, and

because the service provider supplies the hardware and software necessary for

the service, there’s no need for a company to provision or deploy its own

resources or allocate IT staff to manage the service. Examples of cloud

services include online data storage and backup solutions, Web-based e-mail

services, hosted office suites and document collaboration services, database

processing, managed technical support services and more.

CLOUD SERVICES

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CLOUD SERVICE MODELS

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Software as a

Service (SaaS)

Platform as a

Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure as a

Service (IaaS)

Google App Engine

SalesForce CRM

LotusLive

Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim Grance

Details and Examples of Cloud

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USE CASES VS. SERVICE LEVELS EXAMPLES

SaaS PaaS IaaS

Public Cloud

Services

Google Apps, Zoho,

MS Office Web,

Facebook

Google App Engine,

Facebook Platform,

Gigaspaces

Amazon Web

Services (AWS), Sun,

vCloud Express

Outsourced Cloud

Services

Saleforce.com Force.com, 3Tera,

Gigaspaces

Terremark, Savvis,

Rackspace, AWS,

ATT

Cloud Enhanced

Enterprise Services

IBM Cloud Analytics Microsoft Azure AWS Virtual

Private Cloud

Private Cloud

Services

Internal applications

billed by usage

Appistry, Gigaspaces IBM, HP,

VMware vCloud

Shared Cloud

Services

Commerce Hubs Cross –Enterprise

BPM Tools for Cloud

IBM

MultiCloud

Services

Workflow

applications

RightScale Eucalyptus/AWS

Level 2: Configurable per

customer

SAAS MATURITY MODEL

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Source: Frederick Chong and Gianpaolo Carraro, “Architectures Strategies for Catching the Long Tail”

Level 3: configurable &

Multi-Tenant-Efficient

Level 1: Ad-Hoc/Custom –One Instance per customer

Level 4: Scalable, Configurable

& Multi-Tenant-Efficient

•Why is it becoming a Big Deal:–Using high-scale/low-cost providers,

–Any time/place access via web browser,

–Rapid scalability; incremental cost and load sharing,

–Can forget need to focus on local IT.

•Concerns:–Performance, reliability, and SLAs,

–Control of data, and service parameters,

–Application features and choices,

–Interaction between Cloud providers,

–No standard API – mix of SOAP and REST!

–Privacy, security, compliance, trust…

CLOUD-SOURCING

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TYPES OF CLOUD

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Private cloud is the phrase used to describe a cloud computing platform that is implemented within the corporate firewall, under the control of the IT

department.

A private cloud is designed to offer the same features and benefits of public cloud systems, but removes a number of objections to the cloud computing model

including control over enterprise and customer data, worries about security, and issues connected to regulatory compliance.

Private Cloud Security

A private cloud implementation aims to avoid many of the objections regarding cloud computing security. Because a private cloud setup is implemented safely within the corporate firewall, a private cloud provides more control over the

company's data, and it ensures security, albeit with greater potential risk for data loss due to natural disaster.

PRIVATE CLOUD

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PRIVATE CLOUD

Public clouds can also typically be deployed much faster and with

more scalability and accessibility than on-premises infrastructure as a result of

the public cloud provider’s expertise and existing infrastructure. Public cloud

subscribers may pay pay-as-you-go fees or fixed monthly fees for the public

cloud services they utilize.

Hybrid Cloud: A combined form of private clouds and public clouds in which

some critical data resides in the enterprise’s private cloud while other data is

stored in and accessible from a public cloud. Hybrid clouds seek to deliver the

advantages of scalability, reliability, rapid deployment and potential cost

savings of public clouds with the security and increased control and

management of private clouds.

PUBLIC CLOUD & HYBRID CLOUD

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CURRENT TRENDS

Cloud

computing

Grid

Computing

Distributed

Computing

Cloud management means the software and technologies designed for

operating and monitoring applications, data and services residing in the cloud.

Cloud management tools help ensure a company's cloud computing-based

resources are working optimally and properly interacting with users and other

services.

CLOUD MANAGEMENT

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THE REASON FOR CLOUD MANAGEMENT

•Automation

•Cloud-ready solutions

•Control

•Portability

•A good cloud management platform delivers:

•Ability to focus above the complexity & tedious work – to your core competency

•Agility to IT and business

•ROI almost immediately

CLOUD MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

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Cloud management strategies typically involve numerous tasks including performance monitoring (response times, latency, uptime, etc.), security and compliance auditing and management, and initiating and overseeing disaster recovery and contingency plans.With cloud computing growing more complex and a wide variety of private, hybrid, and public cloud-based systems and infrastructure already in use, a company’s collection of cloud management tools needs to be just as flexible and scalable as its cloud computing strategy.

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EXAMPLE OF BMC FOR CLOUD

MANAGEMENT

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EXAMPLE OF BMC FOR CLOUD

MANAGEMENT

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EXAMPLE

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VMWARE CLOUD MANAGEMENT

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SOME COMMERCIAL

CLOUD OFFERINGS

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CLOUD TAXONOMY

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•The use of the cloud provides a number of opportunities:

–It enables services to be used without any understanding of their infrastructure.

–Cloud computing works using economies of scale:

•It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up companies, as they would no longer need to buy their own software or servers.

•Cost would be by on-demand pricing.

•Vendors and Service providers claim costs by establishing an ongoing revenue stream.

–Data and services are stored remotely but accessible from “anywhere”.

OPPORTUNITIES AND

CHALLENGES

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•Instant software updates:

–Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer faced with choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade costs.

–When the application is web-based, updates happen automatically

•available the next time you log into the cloud.

–When you access a web-based application, you get the latest version

•without needing to pay for or download an upgrade.

•Improved document format compatibility.

–You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your machine being compatible with other users' applications or Oses

•Unlimited storage capacity:

–Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage

•Increased data reliability:

–Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes and destroy all your valuable data, a computer crashing in the cloud should not affect the storage of your data.

•Universal document access

ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD

COMPUTING

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Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect to the

Internet.

Since you use the Internet to connect to both your applications and

documents, if you do not have an Internet connection you cannot

access anything, even your own documents.

A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas where

Internet connections are few or inherently unreliable, this could be

a deal-breaker.

DISADVANTAGES

OF CLOUD

COMPUTING

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Many of the activities loosely grouped together under cloud computing have

already been happening and centralised computing activity is not a new

phenomena

Grid Computing was the last research-led centralised approach

However there are concerns that the mainstream adoption of cloud

computing could cause many problems for users

Many new open source systems appearing that you can install and run on your

local cluster

should be able to run a variety of applications on these systems

THE FUTURE

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