Name_____________________________________________PS______

EOC Review Packet – Flow Of Matter and Energy

This section is based around the passing of energy from one organism or location to another. The sections covered in this section are Food Pyramids, Food Chains, Food Webs, Photosynthesis, Cellular

Respiration (Aerobic and Anaerobic) and Biogeochemical cycles (Water, Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus).

1. Food Pyramids, Webs and Chains:

A) Draw and label outside of each trophic level the 2 different names for each level. In the trophic levels inside the pyramid, label the percent of energy that each receives from the original energy found in the

producers.

B) In general, _________% of energy passes from one trophic level to the one ____above / below____

it. Therefore, that means that __________% is lost as a waste product, which is typically

_____________.

C) Describe what happens to the amount of available energy as you move UP the energy pyramid?

D) Using the pyramid above as a reference, which trophic level receives the greatest amount of energy?

___________________________ . Which trophic level receives the least amount of energy?

_____________________________.

Using the above food pyramid, which organism will receive the greatest percentage of energy from the Primary Consumers?

A) Diatoms B) Copepod C) Arctic Cod D) Seal E) Polar Bear

E)

Of the options below, who has the most diverse diet?

A) Insects B) Quail C) Mountain Lion D) Coyote E) Rabbit

Use the below food pyramid for the following 2 questions:

G) Of the options below, which organism receives the greatest amount of energy?A) Hawk B) Snake C) Frog D) Grasshopper

H) Then who receives the least amount of energy?A) Hawk B) Snake C) Frog D) Grasshopper

F)

What percentage of energy makes it to the hawk in the above energy pyramid?A) 100% B) 10% C) 1% D) .1%

2. Photosynthesis:

A) Write the formula for Photosynthesis.

B) In that formula, circle what Photosynthesis requires (the reactants), and box in what it makes (the products).

C) The process of Photosynthesis can be quite complicated, but for our purposes, we are going to make it quite simple. As a general statement, the process of Photosynthesis coverts ______________ energy into chemical energy of glucose. There are 3 things that Photosynthesis has to have to operate: they are _____________________, _______________________ and _____________________________. This process occurs inside plant cells, as well as inside some types of bacteria, in the organelle known as the ___________________________. In the end, two different substances are made: _________________, which is the waste of Photosynthesis, as well as ________________________, which can later be broken down for energy or stored as starch (starch is many glucose molecules bound together).

3. Cellular Respiration:

A) Write the formula for Cellular Respiration.

B) In that formula, circle what Cellular Respiration requires (the reactants), and box in what it makes (the products).

C) Cellular Respiration is simply the process of breaking down glucose for energy. It could also be said that Cellular Respiration is the process of releasing the chemical energy that is stored glucose in the form of ____________ which can then be used for cellular functions( like, for example, Active Transport). To do so, a gas is necessary; that gas is ________________________. Animals utilize cellular respiration, but so do ___________________! Glucose can be either broken down immediately or it can be stored for later use. Where does the glucose come from? For plants, they make it themselves through the process known as ____________________________. Animals get their glucose by _______________________. However, no energy is gained unless Cellular Respiration occurs, and this process primarily occurs inside the organelle known as the ______________________________. In the end, there are 3 products made, and two of them are considered wastes. The wastes are _____________ and _________________, but the important product that is made is _______________!

I)

D) It is also important to note that there are two different types of Cellular Respiration: ___________________________ and __________________________. One of them is used in situations where ample enough oxygen is present, which is ______________________ Respiration, and the other type, ____________________________ Respiration, occurs in situations where oxygen is scarce or absent.

E) Copy down the partially completed diagram below, fill in the spaces with the correct compounds. Use all of the following: carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, water. In the circles, place the correct type of energy: ATP or light.

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

F) As a summary, it is fair to say that the _______________________ of Cellular Respiration are the _______________________ of Photosynthesis, and the ____________________________ of Photosynthesis are the ______________________ of Cellular Respiration.

G)

H)

I)

J)

K)

A) Mitochondria derive energy from food; chloroplasts use solar energy to make food.B) Chloroplasts need sunlight to perform cellular respiration; mitochondria do not need sunlight.C) The energy produced by photosynthesis is stored as ATP; energy is stored as starch in cellular respiration.D) Mitochondria perform photosynthesis in the inner membranes; chloroplasts perform respiration in the thylakoid.

4. Cellular Respiration: Aerobic vs. AnaerobicA) There are two different versions of Cellular Respiration; glucose can either be broken down for

energy through an Aerobic process or an Anaerobic process. For Aerobic Respiration, _______________

is required. In Anaerobic Respiration, ____________________ is not required. Both processes break

down glucose for energy (ATP), but _________________ Respiration makes way more of it and is more

efficient. Let’s look at the two processes in comparison to each other:

L)

M)

B) Aerobic Respiration is a process that includes 3 steps. List the steps in order, write how many ATP are made in each step, and then state where each step takes place with a setup like the one below.

Aerobic Respiration

Steps: How many ATP are made? Where does it occur?

1.

2.

3.

C) Draw and label the Eukaryotic cell below label where each step of Aerobic Respiration would occur. Do so by placing a “G” somewhere in the cell correctly where Glycolysis occurs, place a “K” where the Kreb Cycle occurs, and place an “E” where the Electron Transport Chain occurs.

D) Anaerobic Respiration is a process that includes 2 steps. List the steps in order, write how many ATP are made in each step, and then state where each step takes place in a setup like the one below.

Anaerobic Respiration

Steps: How many ATP are made? Where does it occur?

1.

2.

Nucleus

E) Draw and label the Eukaryotic cell below, label where each step of Anaerobic Respiration would occur. Do so by placing a “G” somewhere in the cell correctly where Glycolysis occurs and place an “F” where Fermentation occurs.

Nucleus

F)

G)

5. Biogeochemical Cycles: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus:

A) Water Cycle: the water cycle is very basic, and there is basically nothing that is mandatory knowledge

about it except for the fact that Transpiration is involved with it, and we know Transpiration as simply

_________________ ___________________.

B) Carbon Cycle: In every living thing on the planet, there is a substantial amount of carbon inside it.

There is carbon in our atmosphere, in our soil, in our plants, animals, etc. There is an important cycle

that keeps all of it recycle. To simplify this cycle, we will make a chart. Write the 3 big ways that we can

increase the amount of carbon (dioxide) in the atmosphere in the left column, and then in the right

column, list the one and only way we have to decrease the amount of carbon (dioxide) in the

atmosphere.

Ways to Increase Carbon in Atmosphere Ways to Decrease Carbon in Atmosphere

1. 1.

2.

3.

These processes can be seen in the diagram on the following page.

H)

D) Nitrogen Cycle: The important facts of the Nitrogen cycle are that the “magical” organisms of this

cycle are the nitrifying ________________. They live in the soil, typically, and collect atmospheric

nitrogen, turn it into ammonia, and then into nitrates and nitrites. Those compounds can then be taken

in by the plants and used. Animals, on the other hand, are forced to eat the plants directly or eat an

animal that ate the plant. There are different types of bacteria in this cycle that are called Denitrifying

bacteria which do the opposite: they convert ________________________________ into

____________________________.

E) Phosphorus Cycle: The only relevant information that is mandatory for the Phosphorus cycle is that all

Phosphorus begins in __________________. Thus, to get it out, erosion and weathering occur, which

delivers the Phosphorus into the water, which turns the Phosphorus into phosphates, which can be

taken up by plants and used. Also, when the plants are consumed by animals, that animals now receive

phosphorus.

C)

F)

G)

H)

I)